It’s the 21st century. Knowing how to read a novel, craft an essay, and derive the slope of a tangent isn’t enough anymore. You need to know how to swim through the data deluge, optimize your prose for Twitter, and expose statistics that lie. In the following pages, you’ll find our updated core curriculum, which fills in the gaps of your 20th-century education with the tools you need now. Call it the neoliberal arts: higher learning for highly evolved humans. 現(xiàn)在是21世紀了。懂得怎樣閱讀小說、寫寫隨筆或推導切線斜率，已經無法滿足當下的需求了。你需要知道怎樣在數(shù)據(jù)的汪洋里劈波斬浪，怎樣優(yōu)化推客上的散文，以及怎樣揭露那些說謊的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。在下面幾頁里，你會看到我們更新版核心課程，借助現(xiàn)在必需的工具，它們將為20世紀教育查漏補缺。權且稱之為新式人文科學：面向高度進化人類的高等教育。 Statistical Literacy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 統(tǒng)計素養(yǎng) Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ We are misled by numbers and by our misunderstanding of probability. 我們或被數(shù)字所誤導，或被自己對概率的錯誤理解所誤導。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to parse polls, play the odds, and embrace uncertainty. 怎樣剖析投票，怎樣碰碰運氣，以及怎樣接受不確定性。 e use only 10 percent of our brain! That familiar statement is false—there’s no evidence to support it. Still, something about it just sounds right, so we internalize it and repeat it. Such is the power—and danger—of statistics. 我們只用了大腦的10%！這個熟知的說法是錯的——沒有證據(jù)能支持它。然而，該說法聽起來有些像對的，因而我們吸收并不斷重復它。這便是統(tǒng)計的力量，也是統(tǒng)計的危險。 Our world is shaped by widespread statistical illiteracy. We fear things that probably won’t kill us (terrorist attacks) and ignore things that probably will (texting while driving). We buy lottery tickets. We fall prey to misleading gut instincts, which lead to biases like loss aversion—an inability to gauge risk against potential gain. The effects play out in the grocery store, the office, and the voting booth (not to mention the bedroom: People who are more risk-averse are less successful in love). 統(tǒng)計無知影響著我們世界的發(fā)展。我們擔心那些可能不會害死我們的事情（如恐怖襲擊），卻忽略那些可能害死我們的事情（如駕駛時發(fā)短信）。我們買彩票。我們深受直覺誤導之害，直覺會讓我們產生偏見，如損失厭惡——估計不到風險背后的潛在收益。其效果屢屢作用于雜貨店、辦公室和投票站（更不用提臥室了：越是不愿承擔風險的人，愛情越容易失?。?。 And it’s getting worse: We are now 53 percent more likely than our parents to trust polls of dubious merit. (That figure is totally made up. See?) Where do all these numbers that we remember so easily and cite so readily come from? How are they calculated, and by whom? How do we misuse them to make them say what we want them to? We’ll explore all of these questions in a sequence on sourcing statistics. 而情況變得更糟的是：與父母相比，我們對可疑成績的投票的信任度上升了53%。（這一數(shù)字完全是捏造出來的嗎？）所有這些我們輕松記住、隨手拈來的數(shù)字從何而來？它們怎么計算出來的，誰計算的？我們怎樣濫用這些數(shù)字，以使之得出我們想要的結果？我們將在統(tǒng)計溯源的系列里探討所有這些問題。 Next, this course will turn to the topic of probabilistic intuition. We’ll learn to judge what’s likely and unlikely—and what’s impossible to know. We’ll learn about distorting habits of mind like selection bias—and how to guard against them. We’ll gamble. We’ll read The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers by Richard Hamming, Expert Political Judgment by Philip Tetlock, and How to Cheat Your Friends at Poker by Penn Jillette and Mickey Lynn. 接下來，該課程會轉到概率直覺的主題上。我們將學習判斷什么是可能的，什么是不可能的，還有什么是不可知的。我們將學習頭腦的曲解習慣，如選擇性偏倚，以及怎樣對其進行防范。我們還將賭一把。我們將閱讀理查德·漢明（Richard Hamming）[注1]所著《The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers》、菲利浦·泰洛克（Philip Tetlock）[注2]所著《Expert Political Judgment》，以及佩恩·吉列特（Penn Jillette）[注3]和米基·林恩（Mickey Lynn）所著《How to Cheat Your Friends at Poker》。 Finally, we’ll learn how to use statistics to our advantage. You don’t have to be an actuary to understand just how likely various potential outcomes actually are. 最后，我們將學習怎樣利用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)勢。如果只是了解各種潛在結果到底可不可能，你用不著成為精算師。 /* Post-State Diplomacy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 后國家外交 Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ As the world becomes evermore atomized, understanding the new leaders and constituencies becomes increasingly important. 因為世界始終在原子化，所以了解新領導人和新選民就愈漸重要了。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to practice statecraft without states. 怎樣實踐無關國家的治國之術。 rom tribal insurgents to multinational corporations, private charities to pirate gangs, religious movements to armies for hire, a range of organizations now compete with (and sometimes eclipse) the nation-states in which they reside. Without capitals or traditional constituencies, they can’t be persuaded or deterred by traditional tactics. 從部落叛黨到多國公司，從私人慈善團體到海盜匪幫，從宗教運動到雇傭軍隊，現(xiàn)在，一系列組織在與它們所屬的民族國家競爭。沒有首都，也沒有傳統(tǒng)意義上的選民，它們也不會被傳統(tǒng)策略所說服或抑制。 But that doesn’t mean diplomacy is dead; quite the opposite. Negotiating with these parties requires the same skills as dealing with belligerent nations—understanding the shareholders and alliances they must answer to, the cultures that inform how they behave, and the religious, economic, and political interests they must address. 但是這不意味著外交就消亡了；情況恰好相反。與這些團體談判需要擁有對付交戰(zhàn)國的相同技能——要了解誰是他們必需的股東，誰是他們必需的同盟，影響他們行為的文化是什么，以及哪些宗教、經濟和政治利益是他們必須面對的。 Power has always depended on who can provide justice, commerce, and stability. Successful insurgents aren’t just thugs; they offer their members tangible benefits—community, money, education, and a sense of order (even if the rebels are the ones creating disorder in the first place). We must learn how they gain loyalty, even if our goal is to undercut it. 權力總是要看誰能提供公正、貿易和穩(wěn)定。成功的叛黨不僅僅是暴徒；他們也為其成員提供好處——社群、金錢、教育和秩序感（即使反叛分子起初是制造騷亂的那些人）。我們必須學習他們怎樣贏得忠心，即便我們的目標是要暗中破壞它。 In this course, we’ll study how some of the most influential entities on the world stage—religious extremists, criminal enterprises, diasporas—are at their most potent online and must be engaged there. Case in point: the South Ossetia War, in which Russian hackers set up websites that enabled anyone sympathetic to their cause to launch denial-of-service attacks against Georgian targets. We’ll learn how to go about winning over the hearts and minds of these transnational groups. This requires launching sophisticated media and political campaigns—in much the same way that underground samizdat publications and Radio Free Europe broadcasts served to undermine the international Communist movement during the Cold War. 在本課程中，我們將學習世界舞臺上一些最有影響力的實體——宗教極端分子、犯罪企業(yè)和流散者——是怎樣在網上發(fā)揮其最大效力的，以及為何必須在網上活動。舉個例子：在南奧塞梯戰(zhàn)爭中，俄羅斯黑客建立了網站，使得每個人都對他們向格魯吉亞目標發(fā)起拒絕服務攻擊表示同情。我們將學習怎樣四處活動以贏得那些跨國組織的民心。這要求啟動老練的媒體與政治攻勢——與地下出版物和自由歐洲電臺（冷戰(zhàn)期間，用于逐漸削弱國際共產主義運動）的做法很相似。 Why take this course? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 合成文化 為什么要學這一課程？ Modern artists don’t start with a blank page or empty canvas. They start with preexisting works. 現(xiàn)代藝術家不會從一張白紙起步，也不會從一張空空如也的畫布起步。他們是從存在的作品起步。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to analyze—and create—artworks made out of other artworks. 怎樣分析并創(chuàng)造脫胎于其它藝術品的藝術品。 ere are some defining artists of the post-postmodern age: Spike Jonze, whose video for Weezer’s “Buddy Holly” wove the band into an episode of Happy Days; Girl Talk, who turned 322 snippets of recordings into an original album; and Garfield Minus Garfield, a website that erases the eponymous cat from his own comic strip. The creative act is no longer about building something out of nothing but rather building something new out of cultural products that already exist. 下面這些被定義為后后現(xiàn)代的藝術家：斯派克·瓊斯（Spike Jonze）[注1]，他為Weezer的《Buddy Holly》拍攝的視頻，將該樂隊編進《Happy Days》的一集中；Girl Talk[注2]，他將322個錄音片段制成了一張原創(chuàng)專輯；Garfield Minus Garfield[注3]，一個在他自己的連環(huán)漫畫中去掉加菲貓的網站。創(chuàng)造行為不再是從無到有的建設，而是從已經存在的文化產品中創(chuàng)造新東西。 In this class, we’ll examine the philosophical roots of remix culture and study seminal works like Robert Rauschenberg’s Monogram and Jorge Luis Borges’ Pierre Menard, Author of Don Quixote. And we’ll examine modern-day exemplars from DJ Shadow’s Endtroducing to Auto-Tune the News. 在本課程中，我們將考察合成文化的哲學根源，研究創(chuàng)新作品，如羅伯特·勞森伯格（Robert Rauschenberg）[注4]的《Monogram》和博爾赫斯（Jorge Luis Borges）[注5]的《Pierre Menard, Author of Don Quixote》。我們還將考察從DJ Shadow[注6]的《Endtroducing》到Auto-Tune the News等現(xiàn)代范例。 Next, we’ll take a look at three sets of technological tools that helped democratize art creation. 接下來，我們將看看三類有助于藝術創(chuàng)作大眾化的技術工具。 Writing tools: From the Gutenberg printing press to Microsoft Word, publishing technology has made it easier to reproduce, copy, and manipulate words. 書寫工具：從古騰堡（Gutenberg）[注7]的印刷機到微軟的Word程序，出版技術讓再現(xiàn)、復制和處理文字變得更容易了。 Aural tools: Grandmaster Flash’s turntables and crossfader turned records into instruments. Samplers like the E-Mu SP-1200 and the Akai S950 made prerecorded music a manipulatable musical ingredient. Pro Tools and other software programs made professional-quality sound deconstruction available to the average consumer. 聽覺工具：Grandmaster Flash[注8]的轉盤和唱平滑轉換器將唱片轉化為樂器。采樣器如E-Mu SP-1200和Akai S950讓預錄制的樂曲成為可處理的音樂成分。Pro Tools及其他軟件程序使得普通消費者也能進行專業(yè)品質的聲音解構。 Video tools: From reel-to-reel film editing suites to Avid to iMovie, the process of video editing has grown cheaper and easier, as well. 視頻工具：從卷帶式影片編輯組件到Avid，再到iMovie，視頻編輯越來越便宜，越來越簡單。 Finally, students will be asked to create their own manipulations of preexisting works. 最后，將要求學生創(chuàng)作他們自己對已有作品的加工。 /* Applied Cognition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 應用認知 Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ You have to know the brain to train the brain. 你必須了解大腦，方能訓練大腦。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How the mind works and how you can make it work for you. 頭腦怎樣工作，以及怎樣讓它為你工作。 ow we think is as important as what we think. The workings of our minds have long been mysterious, but we understand our mental processes much better today than we did 20 years ago. Unfortunately, education hasn’t caught up. 我們怎樣思考與我們思考什么同等重要。我們的頭腦活動長期以來都是神秘難懂的，但是相較于20年前，今天我們對心理過程的了解已經強了很多。不幸的是，教育沒有同步跟上。 In this course, we’ll get smart on brains, beginning with a sequence on neuro-rhetoric. Ads, political campaigns, and spam have sharpened the art of persuasion and given it a quantitative edge. We’ll read Denis Higgins’ The Art of Writing Advertising and Robert Cialdini’s Influence. We’ll dissect late-night infomercials and Zynga’s games to understand what makes them so compelling. 在本課程中，我們將讓大腦變得更聰明，先從“神經交流學（neuro-rhetoric）”系列開始。廣告、政治運動與垃圾郵件已經提高了我們說服的技術，并賦予它數(shù)量的優(yōu)勢。我們將閱讀丹尼斯·希金斯（Denis Higgins）的《The Art of Writing Advertising》和羅伯特·希爾蒂尼（Robert Cialdini）的《Influence》。我們將仔細研究深夜商業(yè)信息廣告和zynga的游戲以理解是什么讓它們如此引人注目。 Next we’ll turn to decisionmaking. We’ll learn how emotion influences reasoning and how language influences emotion. You’ll read Jonah Lehrer’s How We Decide and Barry Schwartz’s The Paradox of Choice. We’ll study the spread of memes with Facebook’s “in-house sociologist,” Cameron Marlow. 接著我們將討論決策制定。我們將學習情感是怎樣影響理性，以及語言怎樣影響情感。你將讀到喬納·萊赫（Jonah Lehrer）的《How We Decide》和巴里·斯瓦茨（Barry Schwartz）的《The Paradox of Choice》。我們將以Facebook的“內部社會學家”卡梅隆·馬洛（Cameron Marlow）為例研究下彌母（meme）[注1]的傳播。 Finally, we’ll delve into the fraught topic of brain maintenance. What nutrients affect mental performance? What drugs provide improved cognition? What can you do today to keep your mind healthy? Many of the most celebrated supplements and tools, from ginkgo biloba to the Nintendo DS game Brain Age, are of limited value. Separating science from the snake oil used to promote these enhancements will tap all the critical thinking skills you sharpen in this course. 最后，我們將深入研究大腦維護的憂傷主題。什么營養(yǎng)素會影響思維能力？什么藥物能夠提升認知？今天你能做什么來保持精神健康？許多最知名的補給品與工具，從銀杏到任天堂的DS游戲《Brain Age》都有其局限性。把科學與用來促進這些提升的萬靈油區(qū)分開，將挖掘所有你在本課程得到增強的關鍵性思維技能。 /* Writing for New Forms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 新式寫作 Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ You can write a cogent essay, but can you write it in 140 characters or less? 你可以寫篇令人信服的隨筆，但是你能用140或更少的字符來完成它嗎？ What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to adapt your message to multiple formats and audiences—human and machine. 怎樣讓你的消息適應多種格式和多類受眾——人與機器。 riting used to mean arranging words in a particular order to be printed with ink on the cellulosic entrails of a tree. You wrote for people, and you hoped that the marks you made would leave a permanent impression upon the world. Today, writing can refer to anything from posting a one-line status update on Facebook to dashing off a 10,000-word blog entry. Your readers include not just humans but algorithms, and your goal is not immortality but a momentary piercing of the ever-shifting zeitgeist. 寫作過去往往意味著斟詞酌句，并蘸著墨水寫在樹漿上。你為人而寫，希望你寫成的作品能在世間留下永久的印跡。今天，從Facebook上的一行狀態(tài)更新到一蹴而就的10000字博客文章，都是寫作。你的讀者不僅有人，還有算法，你的目標不再是不朽聲名，而是對涌動不止的時代潮流的瞬間洞察。 There are more writing opportunities than ever, but they require skills that Strunk and White never dreamed of. This course will teach you how to Photoshop images to create a narrative, edit a 20-second YouTube video, compress your thoughts into 140 characters (or clarify them into a PowerPoint presentation that won’t put your audience to sleep), write a wiki entry that encourages other people to edit and adapt it, and ensure your work goes viral, turning readers into vectors for your ideas. 寫作的機會雖勝于往昔，但是需要的是斯特蘭克與懷特[注1]從未夢到的技能。該課程將教你怎樣Photoshop圖像來敘述故事，怎樣編輯20秒的YouTube視頻，怎樣將你的見解壓縮至140個字符內（或者用PowerPoint演示來闡明，這樣才不會讓你的聽眾睡著），怎樣寫wiki條目以鼓勵其他人編輯和改編它，以及怎樣確保你的作品富有感染力，能讓讀者欣然接受你的觀點。 Technical skills, however, are not enough. Writing successfully requires knowing how to attract niche audiences with depth and detail. To demonstrate this, we’ll contrast The New York Times Magazine’s profile of Yankee pitcher Mariano Rivera with the accompanying Web video of the nearly 1,300 pitches Rivera threw during the 2009 baseball season. 然而，光有技術上的技能還是不夠。成功的寫作要求懂得怎樣深入細致地吸引住特定受眾。為了加以闡明，我們將對比《紐約時報雜志》上揚基隊投手馬里亞諾·利維拉（Mariano Rivera）的個人資料和2009棒球賽季里利維拉將近1300次投球的相關網站視頻。 The role of the writer is also changing. In the age of objectivity, writers kept their personalities out of their work. But now, the author’s identity is paramount; readers have to believe you offer a unique—and trustworthy—perspective. Tone and personality are once again central to writing, not something to be smoothed and scrubbed. We’ll study the work of The Atlantic’s Andrew Sullivan, who built a blog empire with an informal voice that makes readers feel as if they are accessing his unvarnished thoughts; New York Times blogger Andrew Revkin, who encourages reader loyalty by posting long passages from the emails that they send him; and director Kevin Smith, who recounts sex with his wife in lascivious detail to keep his 1.7 million Twitter followers hitting Refresh. 作者的角色也隨之改變。在客觀時代里，作者個性在作品中深藏不露。但是現(xiàn)在，作者個性至高無上；讀者不得不相信你提供的是獨一無二且十足可靠的觀點。語氣與個性再度成為寫作的中心，而不是什么要竭力抹平的東西。我們將研究如下幾位的工作：《大西洋月刊》的安德魯·蘇利文（Andrew Sullivan），他建了一個“博客帝國”，其中包含的口語式聲音，能讓讀者感覺仿佛是在接近他質樸無華的思想；《紐約時報》博客作家安德魯·拉夫金（Andrew Revkin）通過在給讀者回信中貼上大段文字來激發(fā)他們的忠誠度；而導演凱文·史密斯（Kevin Smith）則極盡挑逗之能事地詳述他與妻子的性生活，以此保持他170萬推客信徒不斷點擊刷新。 Writing today also means mastering metatext, the cues and context that determine how, where, and if your words get read. We’ll learn that winning links depends on appealing to the unique tastes of different social networks. Each link will help you attract your most influential audience—the algorithms that determine where your story ends up in Google’s search results. As we optimize our writing for this cyborg readership, we’ll also learn the new tenets of writing well: Be conspicuous, be entertaining, and leave space for others to talk. 今天的寫作還意味著要掌握元文本（metatext）以確定怎樣單詞能被檢索，要掌握線索以確定檢索單詞的位置，還要掌握語境以確定單詞是否能被檢索。我們將學習到：要贏得鏈接，就要挨近各類社交網絡的獨特品味。每條鏈接將幫助你吸引到最有影響力的受眾——算法決定了你的故事在Google搜索結果中的位置。因為我們要為電子讀者優(yōu)化寫作，我們也將學習寫好作品的新原則：引人注目、輕松娛樂、留有余地。 /* Waste Studies --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 浪費研究 Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ Waste is the single biggest drag on our productivity—and it’s everywhere. 浪費最拖我們生產力的后腿，而且浪費到處皆是。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to become a smarter consumer, investor, and conserver. 怎樣成為更聰明的消費者、投資者和保存者。 hen trying to understand a country’s health, economists have a lot of numbers to pick from: GDP, consumer confidence, the balance of trade. But they could learn more by looking at the total amount of waste produced. 嘗試解讀一個國家的健康程度時，經濟學家有大量數(shù)據(jù)可供選擇：GDP、消費信心、貿易平衡。但是通過觀察浪費總量，他們還會知道更多。 Waste isn’t just garbage (though there’s a lot of that: The US produces 250 million tons of it annually). Each year, we lose billions of dollars in valuable time as we sit in traffic and endless meetings. We spend billions more in health premiums that pay for administrative bloat rather than medical care. High unemployment rates constitute another kind of waste—available labor that isn’t being put to productive economic use. 浪費不僅僅指垃圾（雖然垃圾確實不少：美國每年產生2.5億噸）。每年，塞車時的苦等與無窮無盡的會議所浪費的寶貴時間讓我們損失數(shù)十億計的美元。我們花在健康保費上的數(shù)十億美元都被臃腫的管理所消耗，沒有用到醫(yī)療保健上。高失業(yè)率則構成了另一種浪費——可用的勞動力沒能投入經濟生產。 Waste, of course, is a simple fact of nature: It’s baked right into the second law of thermodynamics. Instead of seeking to eliminate it, we need to learn what causes it, how to reduce it, and what purpose it might serve. 當然，浪費是一種自然的簡單事實：這符合熱力學第二定律。不用尋求消除浪費，我們需要學習是什么導致浪費，怎樣減少浪費，以及浪費可能的意圖是什么。 To see how devastating unchecked waste can be, we’ll examine the recent economic collapse. The financial markets were overcome by derivatives that took in billions of dollars without performing any benefit to the overall economy. Those wasteful innovations—like risky subprime mortgage pools—were instrumental in causing the worst economic slump since the Great Depression. 為了看清楚未加抑制的浪費殺傷力能有多大，我們將觀察一下最近的經濟崩潰。金融市場上衍生物成為主流，它們吸收了數(shù)十億美金，卻對整體經濟沒有任何益處。那些耗費錢財?shù)母镄隆癖姸嗟娘L險性次級抵押貸款——對大蕭條以來最糟糕的經濟低潮起了推波助瀾的作用。 We’ll learn how engineers, industrialists, and economists are finding new ways to reduce waste. “Smart” meters tell people how much power their appliances are consuming; as energy customers become more aware of their consumption, they use less. Companies like GE and Intel are spending billions of dollars to improve the efficiency of their turbines and computer chips. 我們將學習工程師、實業(yè)家和經濟學家是怎樣尋找新方法來減少浪費的。“聰明的”測量工具告訴人們他們的設備正在消耗多少能量；當能源消費者愈加意識到他們的消費量時，他們就會用得更少。像GE和Intel這樣的公司正在花費數(shù)十億美金來提高他們渦輪機和計算機芯片的效率。 Finally, we’ll take a more nuanced look at waste, asking how much we can eliminate and how much is necessary for a healthy economy. Some level of oversupply is required to insure against catastrophe, just as having two kidneys provides a backup in case one fails. And economists have concluded that some level of unemployment—perhaps the cruelest form of waste—is necessary to prevent runaway inflation. 最后，我們將更微妙地看待浪費，問問我們能消除多少浪費，多少浪費是健康經濟所必需的。要求有一定程度的過多供給來確保遠離災難，這就像人有兩個腎，一個腎壞了，還能提供備份一樣。而且經濟學家已經總結出一定比例的失業(yè)人數(shù)——也許是浪費最殘酷的形式——對防止惡性通貨膨脹是必要的。 Domestic Tech -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 家政技術 Why take this course? 為什么要學這一課程？ We’ve lost touch with the act of making, repairing, and upgrading physical objects. 我們已經喪失制作、修理和改進實物的能力。 What you’ll learn: 你將學到什么： How to apply hard science and engineering to everyday life. 怎樣將自然科學與工程學應用于日常生活。 n 20th-century high schools, shop and home economics classes were considered easy As—or worse, one-way tickets to unexciting vocations. But we’ve become divorced from the skills those classes imparted. This course reexamines every aspect of home life, from cooking to cabinet repair, through the prism of science. 在20世紀的高中，車間經濟學與家政學課程被認為是很容易的——抑或更差一點，假期變得單調乏味了。但是我們已經與那些課程所傳授的技能分道揚鑣。該課程擎著科學之光，重新檢查家庭生活從烹飪到家具修理的每一方面。 In the 18th century, it was common for curious amateurs to carry out experiments in their home. We’ll study the history, from philosophers John Locke and Benjamin Franklin to mythbusters Kari Byron and Jamie Hyneman. We will explore outfits like DIYbio and Foldit, which are tapping into that same spirit today. 18世紀時，愛探究的業(yè)余愛好者在家里鼓鼓搗搗是稀松平常的事。我們將學習這段歷史，從哲學家約翰·洛克（John Locke）[注1]和本杰明·富蘭克林（Benjamin Frankin）[注2]到神話破解者凱莉拜倫（Kari Byron）[注3]和杰米·海納曼（Jamie Hyneman）[注4]。我們將探究工具，如DIYbio和Foldit，這些工具今天正在發(fā)掘著同樣的精神。 The High Tech Home Ec sequence will cover kitchen chemistry and nutrition, providing a better understanding of how science can help you perform the simplest of tasks, like boiling an egg. (If the yolk turns greenish-gray, the iron in it has reacted with the sulfur in the egg white. To arrest this process, don’t overcook, and place the eggs in cold water as soon as they are off the boil.) “High Tech Home Ec（高科技家政）”系列將涉及廚房化學與營養(yǎng)學，有助于更好地理解科學怎樣幫助完成最簡單的任務，如煮蛋。（如果蛋黃變成綠灰色，那是里面的鐵與蛋白的硫起了化學反應。為了阻止其發(fā)生，不要煮過了，并將蛋煮完后立即放到冷水里。） The Domestic Shop sequence will demonstrate the astounding range of experiments and projects you can do with household appliances. (No lab fee—the lab is your home and the world around you.) “Domestic Shop（家庭車間）“系列將演示令人震驚的一系列可施之于家用電器的實驗與項目。（不用實驗室費用——你的家和身邊的世界就是實驗室。） /* |
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