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在"S+V+IO+DO"的句型中，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在習(xí)慣上區(qū)分為下列三種： a. 可有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如：award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell He gave me a bike. 他給了我一輛自行車。 A bike was give me (by him). 一輛自行車被給我。 I was given a bike (by him). 我被給了一輛自行車。 b.通常用直接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語的一些動(dòng)詞bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write… He wrote her a letter. 他寫給她一封信。 A letter was written (to) her by him.（合習(xí)習(xí)慣） She was written a letter.（不合習(xí)慣） My sister made me a doll. 我姊姊給我做了個(gè)洋娃娃。 A doll was made (for) me by my sister.（合習(xí)慣） I was made a doll by my sister.（不合習(xí)慣） c.通常用間接賓語做被動(dòng)態(tài)的主語的一些動(dòng)詞 answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare… He answered me the question. 他回答我問題。 I was answered the question by him.（合習(xí)慣） The question was answered me by him.（不合習(xí)慣） The authorities refused James a passport. 當(dāng)局拒發(fā)給杰姆斯護(hù)照。 James was refused a passport by the authorities.（合習(xí)慣） A passport was refused James by the authorities.（不合習(xí)慣） 必背！ 常使用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make, sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow, award… 含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子（SVOC）的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)句：S+V+O+C（賓語補(bǔ)足語） 被動(dòng)句：S+ be +過去分詞+C+ by +O（原主語之賓格形式） 有賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，補(bǔ)足語放在過去分詞之后，其位置雖然維持不變，但語法功 能變了--此時(shí)的補(bǔ)足語不再是賓語補(bǔ)足語，而變成了主語補(bǔ)足語。 We call him Great Man. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 我們叫他"偉人"。 He is called Great Man (by us). 他被我們稱為"偉人"。 They will make the city more beautiful. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 他們將會(huì)讓城市更美麗。 The city will be made more beautiful (by them). 主 謂 主補(bǔ) 城市將會(huì)被弄得更美麗。 We saw the flags raising. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 我們看見旗子升上去。 The flags was seen raising. 主 謂 主補(bǔ) 旗子被看見升上去。 He saw a thief steal something from the room. 主謂賓賓補(bǔ) 我們看見一個(gè)小偷從屋子里偷了東西。 A thief was seen to steal something from the room. 主 謂 主補(bǔ) 一個(gè)小偷被看見從屋子里偷了東西。 注意 所有帶不定式賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前都有to,特別是感官動(dòng)詞(see, watch, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel)和使役動(dòng)詞(make, have)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，賓語補(bǔ)足 語前省略了to，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，主語補(bǔ)語前一律加to。（含有l(wèi)et的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to可 以略）。 as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例題 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： (1） as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。 來源“：http://www./yingyu/siliu/cihui/2010/0803/136581.html |
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