1. be動(dòng)詞. ( 1 ) am—was, is—was, are—were I 用 am, you 用are, is用語他,她,它,單數(shù)用is, 復(fù)數(shù)用are. ( 2 ) 肯定和否定句 I am ( not ) from London. He is ( not ) in the dining room. My hair is ( not ) long. ( 3 ) 一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). 通常用now/ look/ listen等時(shí)間提示單詞. ( 1 ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. 也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. ( 2 ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 be + 動(dòng)詞ing, 否定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 be + not + 動(dòng)詞ing. ( 3 ) 動(dòng)詞加ing 的變化規(guī)則: 1 ) 一般情況下直接加ing, 如: cook----- cooking 2 ) 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾,去e 加ing, 如: make---- making, dance---- dancing 3 ) 以重度閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的( 輔音+ 元音+ 輔音 ), 雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing, 如:run--- running. ( 4 ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be 后加not. ( 5 ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞提前. ( 6 ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞+ be +主語+ 動(dòng)詞ing?
3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). 通常用usually/ often/ every day/ sometimes 等時(shí)間提示單詞. ( 1 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 1 ) 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài). 如: The sky is blue. 2 ) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作. 如:I get up at six every day. 3 ) 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí). 如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn). ( 2 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成. 1 ) be 動(dòng)詞:主語+ be ( am, is,are ) + 其它. 如: I a, a boy. 2 ) 行為動(dòng)詞:主語+ 行為動(dòng)詞( + 其它 ). 如: We study Englidh. 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要再動(dòng)詞后面加s或者es. ( 3 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化: 1 ) be動(dòng)詞的變化. 否定句:主語+ be + not + 其它. 如: He is not a work. 一般疑問句: Be+ 主語+ 其它? 如: Am I beautiful? 特殊疑問句: 疑問詞+ 一般疑問句? 如: Where is my bike? 2 ) 行為動(dòng)詞的變化. 否定句: 主語+ don’t ( doesn’t )+ 動(dòng)詞原形+ 其它. 如:I don’t like bread. 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn’t 構(gòu)成否定句. 如:Hedoesn’t often play football. 一般疑問句:Do ( Does ) +主語+ 動(dòng)詞原形+ 其它? 如: Do you often play football? 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句. 如: Does he go to school every day? 特殊疑問句: 疑問詞+ 一般疑問句? 如: How does your father go to work? 4. 一般過去時(shí). 通常用 a moment ago/ just now/ yesterday/ last night等時(shí)間提示單詞. ( 1 ) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生地動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或者反復(fù)發(fā)生地動(dòng)作. ( 2 ) be 動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化: 1 ) am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?span lang=EN-US>was. ( was not = wasn’t ) 2 ) are 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?span lang=EN-US>were. ( were not = weren’t ) 3 ) 帶有was 或were 的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和am, is ,are一樣, 即在否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were提前. ( 3 ) 句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則: 1 ) 一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ed. 如: walk---walked 2 ) 結(jié)尾是e 加d. 如: taste---tasted 3 ) 一重度閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ed. 如: stop--- stopped 4 ) 一輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的, 變y 為I, 再加ed. 如: study—studied 5 ) 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式: am/ is---was are ---were do --- did see ---saw say --- said get ---got go—went come----came take --- took put --- put read ---read swim---- swam sit --- sat have/ has --- had make ---made eat ---ate run --- ran sing ---- sang fly ---- flew drink ---- drank write --- wrote draw --- drew ride --- rode speak ---spoke sweep === swept
否定句: didin’t + 動(dòng)詞原形, 如: Jim didin’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問句: 在句首加did, 句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形. 如: Did Jim go home yesterday?
5. 一般將來時(shí) ( 1 ) 一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或者準(zhǔn)備做某事. 句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語: tomorrow/ next day ( week, month, year….. ), soon, the day after tomorrow等. ( 2 ) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) be going to 和 will + do ( 3 ) 否定句: 在be ( am , is , are ) 后加not 或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t. 如:I am going to have a picnic this afternoon.------- I am not going to have a picnic this afternoon. ( 4 ) 一般疑問句: be 或者 will 提前. some 改成any, and改成or, 第一二人稱互換. 如: We are going to go for an outing this weekend.-------Are you going to go for an outing this weekend? ( 5 ) 對(duì)劃線部分提問. 一般情況, 一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分提問有三種情況. 1 ) 問人. who 如:I am going to New York soon. -------- Who is going to NewYork soon? 2 ) 問干什么. What….. do? 如:My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. ------ What is your father going to do with you this afternoon? 3 ) 問什么時(shí)候. When 如:She is going to go to bed at nine. ------ When is she going to go to bed?
6. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) ( 1 ) there be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have/ has的區(qū)別: there be 表示在某地有某物或者某人 have/ has 表示某人擁有某物 ( 2 ) 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語是單數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用 is,主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用 are, 如果是幾件物品, be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最靠近 be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞確定. ( 3 ) there be結(jié)構(gòu)的否定句在 be動(dòng)詞后加 not, 一般疑問句把 be動(dòng)詞提前. ( 4 ) some 和any在 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)用: some 用于肯定句, any用于否定句和疑問句. ( 6 ) 針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語? How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語? ( 7 ) 針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu): What’s+ 介詞短語
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