在情景中學(xué)語(yǔ)法  動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)（1）

王琴

一般過(guò)去時(shí)：He was/he arrived（I）

I.一般過(guò)去時(shí)（動(dòng)詞be）

Reading：

Caitlin Moran(62) from Cleveland, Ohio, was on a Mediterranean cruise. His wife wasn’t with him. She was back home in the States. His children weren’t with him either. They were too old to go on holiday with their father and they weren’t interested in Mediterranean cruises.

1．用to be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情景。Caitlin wason a Mediterranean cruise.

His children weren’t with him.

2．用was或were構(gòu)成肯定形式。

I was             we were

you were       you were

he/she/it was           they were    

 His wife was back home in the States.

His two children were too old to go on holiday with him.

3.用wasn’t ( was not)或weren’t (were not)構(gòu)成否定形式。

His wife wasn't with him.

His children weren’t interested in Mediterranean cruises.

4.疑問(wèn)形式和簡(jiǎn)短回答是：

Was he on his own? Yes, he was.

Were his children with him? No, they weren’t

小練習(xí)I 用was/wasn’t, were/weren’t完成問(wèn)句和回答：

1.…Ruben on a Caribbean cruise? No, …

2.where … he from? He … from Cleveland, Ohio.

3.…h(huán)is two children with him ? No,…

II.一般過(guò)去時(shí)（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）

Reading：

Last Monday Mr Moran’s ship arrived in Mallorca. He decided to visit the town of Palma. But he didn’t want to go sight-seeing with the other passengers. They always visited churches and museums. He didn’t like looking at old churches. So he stopped at a bar and then went to a restaurant. There he ate a large paella and drank several glasses of wine. When he looked at his watch, he saw that it was already 3.55 p.m. He didn’t have much time. He only had five minutes! He ran back to the port and got there at 4.02 p.m. his ship was already three metres from the quay. He tried to jump aboard, but he didn’t reach the ship. He fell into the water below. 'Why did you do that?’ a man on the quay said. 'That wasn’t your ship. Your ship’s over there!’

That evening the other passengers asked him ,’ Why didn’t you come with us to the cathedral this afternoon? Where did you go?’ Mr Moran replied. 'Oh, I just went for a swim.’

1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去式，表示在過(guò)去發(fā)生和完成的動(dòng)作。通常動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是已知的，過(guò)去的時(shí)間也是明確的。 

Last Monday Caitlin’s ship arrived in Mallorca.

He got there at 4.02 p.m.

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成：

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：

1）大多數(shù)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-ed。它適用于所有人稱。

look He looked...

visit They visited...

 2）注意拼寫(xiě)變化

        一般情況，直接+ed  look looked

        以e結(jié)尾的直接+-d like liked  

        輔音字母+y的變y為i +ed  try  tried

     重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞末只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母+-ed stop stopped

 3）-ed結(jié)尾有三種讀法：

         在[d] [t]后：[id]

         decided     visited

         在清輔音（除了[t]）后：[t]

         looked   asked

         在濁輔（或元）音（除了[d]）后：[d] 

        arrived tried   played

4）許多常用動(dòng)詞是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，需要記憶，一般字典的附錄中都有不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞列表。

2.動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間已知時(shí)則無(wú)須說(shuō)明。He went to a restaurant instead.

(已知這事發(fā)生在過(guò)去，他在Palma的時(shí)候)

3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)也用來(lái)描述：

過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。

They always visited churches and museums.

在過(guò)去某一階段的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。

He didn’t like looking at old churches.

小練習(xí)II 1）下列哪些句子指過(guò)去？1.Caitlin goes on a cruise every year.

2.Last year he went on a Caribbean cruise.

3.He enjoyed it.

4.His wife doesn’t like cruises.

  II 2)寫(xiě)出并讀出下列這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：

     1 wait     2 stop          3 move        4 want

     5 watch     6 reply      7 get          8 come   

9 have 10 say

答案：I 1. Was No, he wasn’t   2 was was

       3 Were No, they weren’t

       II 1）2. 3

       2）1. waited [id]     2 stopped [t]  3 moved [d]

         4 wanted [id]     5 watched[t]  6 replied [d]

         7 got         8 came          9 had            10 said