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八年級英語(上)知識點 (師生通用)

 wang3938 2024-12-27 發(fā)布于上海

微信公眾號:點點英語圈

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

- 重點句型

- I used to be afraid of the dark.(我過去害怕黑暗。)

- I want to do something different.(我想做些不同的事。)

- Remember to do sth.(記得去做某事)例如:Remember to lock the door.(記得鎖門。)

- Remember doing sth.(記得做過某事)例如:I remember seeing her somewhere.(我記得在某個地方見過她。)

- 重點詞組

- listen to(聽)

- learn about(了解)

- talk about(談?wù)摚?/span>

- be born(出生)

- in the countryside(在農(nóng)村)

- for example(例如)

- die out(滅絕)

- at the end of(在……盡頭)

- more than(超過)

- used to(過去常常)

- know about(知道;了解)

- be famous for(因……而出名)

- one day(有一天)

- so much(如此多)

- find out(查明;找出)

- by the window(在窗戶旁邊)

- be interested in(對……感興趣)

- next to(緊挨著)

- be sure(確定)

- go for a walk(去散步)

- do with(處理;處置)

- a number of(許多)

- since then(從那時起)

- be made up of(由……組成)

- connect...to(把……連接到)

- 重點語法:

一般過去時:表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),常與 yesterday、last week、ago 等時間狀語連用,也可表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與 often、always 等頻度副詞連用。例如:I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去了公園。)He always played football after school last year.(他去年放學(xué)后總是踢足球。)其否定句借助 did not(didn't),疑問句將 did 置于主語前,動詞還原。如:I didn't go to school last Monday.(我上周一沒去上學(xué)。)Did you see him yesterday?(你昨天見到他了嗎?)

不定代詞:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句和疑問句,nothing 表示否定“沒有什么”;形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置,如 something interesting(有趣的事)。例如:I have something to tell you.(我有事情要告訴你。)Is there anything wrong?(有什么不對勁嗎?)There is nothing in the box.(盒子里什么都沒有。)

Unit 2 Numbers

- 重點句型

- It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.(對某人來說做某事是……的)例如:It is easy for him to solve this problem.(對他來說解決這個問題很容易。)

- The number of...is...(……的數(shù)量是……)例如:The number of students in our class is 50.(我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是 50。)

- A number of...are...(許多……是……)例如:A number of books are on the shelf.(許多書在書架上。)

- 重點詞組

- in one's life(在某人一生中)

- at the moment(此刻;現(xiàn)在)

- look up(查閱;查找)

- from then on(從那時起)

- make a mistake(犯錯誤)

- in a hurry(匆忙地)

- be based on(以……為基礎(chǔ))

- be used for(被用于……)

- 重點語法:

數(shù)詞用法:基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,如 one、two、three 等;序數(shù)詞表示順序,如 first、second、third 等。表示日期用序數(shù)詞,如 on May 1st(在五月一日);表示編號用基數(shù)詞,如 Room 203(203 房間);表示世紀(jì)、年代用基數(shù)詞,如 in the 21st century(在 21 世紀(jì)),in the 1990s(在 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代)。

主謂一致:“The number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);“A number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The number of the apples is small.(蘋果的數(shù)量很少。)A number of students are playing basketball.(許多學(xué)生正在打籃球。)

Unit 3 Computers

- 重點句型

- What...for?(……是用來做什么的?)例如:What is this machine for?(這臺機器是用來做什么的?)

- How about doing sth.?(做某事怎么樣?)例如:How about going shopping this afternoon?(今天下午去購物怎么樣?)

- It takes sb. some time to do sth.(做某事花費某人多長時間)例如:It takes me half an hour to do my homework.(我花半小時做作業(yè)。)

- 重點詞組

- turn on/off(打開/關(guān)閉)

- connect to(連接到)

- in addition(另外)

- consist of(由……組成)

- come into being(形成;產(chǎn)生)

- in the 1960s(在 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代)

- work as(擔(dān)任;以……身份工作)

- be unaware of(沒有意識到)

- depend on(依靠;取決于)

- 重點語法:

一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):結(jié)構(gòu)為“am/is/are + 過去分詞”。表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的被動動作或現(xiàn)在存在的被動狀態(tài)。例如:The letter is written by me.(這封信是我寫的。)Computers are used widely in offices.(電腦在辦公室被廣泛使用。)其否定句在 be 動詞后加 not,疑問句將 be 動詞提前。如:The book isn't read by him.(這本書不是他讀的。)Is the window cleaned every day?(窗戶每天都被打掃嗎?)

Unit 4 Inventions

- 重點句型

- be made of/from(由……制成)例如:The table is made of wood.(這張桌子是由木頭制成的。)The paper is made from wood.(紙是由木材制成的。)

- be used to do sth.(被用來做某事)例如:The knife is used to cut things.(刀被用來切東西。)

- get used to doing sth.(習(xí)慣于做某事)例如:I get used to getting up early.(我習(xí)慣早起。)

- 重點詞組

- since then(從那時起)

- all one's life(一生;終生)

- lead to(導(dǎo)致;通向)

- make a great difference(有很大影響)

- have an effect on(對……有影響)

- work on(從事;致力于)

- at the same time(同時)

- 重點語法:

一般過去時的被動語態(tài):“was/were + 過去分詞”。表示過去某個時間被做的動作。例如:The bridge was built in 1990.(這座橋建于 1990 年。)其否定句在 was/were 后加 not,疑問句將 was/were 提前。如:The house wasn't built last year.(這房子去年沒建。)Was the car repaired yesterday?(車昨天修了嗎?)

現(xiàn)在完成時:強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/has + 過去分詞”。常與 already(已經(jīng))、yet(還)、since(自從)、for(持續(xù)……時間)等詞連用。例如:I have lived here for five years.(我已經(jīng)在這里住了五年了。)He has already finished his homework.(他已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。)其否定句在 have/has 后加 not,疑問句將 have/has 提前。如:I haven't seen the movie yet.(我還沒看這部電影。)Has she been to Beijing?(她去過北京嗎?)

Unit 5 Educational exchanges

- 重點句型

- sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.(某人花費時間做某事)例如:She spent two hours (in) reading the novel.(她花了兩個小時讀這本小說。)

- It is a good chance for sb. to do sth.(這是某人做某事的好機會)例如:It is a good chance for us to learn about different cultures.(這是我們了解不同文化的好機會。)

- 重點詞組

- go on an educational exchange(進(jìn)行教育交流)

- be excited about(對……感到興奮)

- make friends with(與……交朋友)

- take part in(參加)

- learn about(了解)

- during the stay(在停留期間)

- at first(起初;開始)

- keep in touch with(與……保持聯(lián)系)

- 重點語法:

形容詞的比較級和最高級:比較級用于兩者之間的比較,通常在詞尾加 -er 或借助 more,如 taller(更高的)、more beautiful(更美麗的);最高級用于三者或以上的比較,詞尾加 -est 或借助 most,如 the tallest(最高的)、the most beautiful(最美麗的)。注意一些不規(guī)則變化,如 good - better - best,bad - worse - worst,many/much - more - most。比較級常用句型有“A + be + 比較級 + than + B”(A 比 B……),“Which/Who + be + 比較級,A or B?”(A 和 B 哪個/誰更……);最高級常用句型有“A + be + the + 最高級 + 范圍”(A 在……范圍內(nèi)最……)。例如:She is taller than her sister.(她比她妹妹高。)This is the most interesting book I have ever read.(這是我讀過的最有趣的書。)Which is more delicious, the apple or the banana?(蘋果和香蕉哪個更美味?)

Unit 6 Ancient stories

- 重點句型

- neither...nor...(既不……也不……)例如:Neither he nor I like carrots.(他和我都不喜歡胡蘿卜。)

- both...and...(……和……都)例如:Both Lucy and Lily are good at English.(露西和莉莉都擅長英語。)

- either...or...(要么……要么……)例如:Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你要么他得打掃教室。)

- 重點詞組

- in the beginning(起初;在開始的時候)

- instead of(代替;而不是)

- turn...into(把……變成)

- get married(結(jié)婚)

- fall in love with(愛上)

- be able to(能夠)

- come out(出版;出現(xiàn))

- all over the world(全世界)

- 重點語法:

并列連詞的用法:neither...nor...連接兩個并列成分,表示“既不……也不……”,謂語動詞遵循就近原則;both...and...連接兩個并列成分,表示“兩者都”,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);either...or...連接兩個并列成分,表示“要么……要么……”,謂語動詞遵循就近原則。例如:Neither he nor I am going to the party.(他和我都不去參加派對。)Both Tom and Jerry like ice cream.(湯姆和杰瑞都喜歡冰淇淋。)Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你要么他得打掃教室。)否定句中表示“也”用 either,如:I don't like math. He doesn't like it either.(我不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。他也不喜歡。)

Unit 7 Memory

- 重點句型

- have a good/bad memory(記憶力好/不好)例如:My grandfather has a very good memory. He can remember things that happened many years ago.(我祖父記憶力很好。他能記得很多年前發(fā)生的事情。)

- remember/forget to do sth.(記得/忘記去做某事)如:Remember to call your mother.(記得給你媽媽打電話。)

- remember/forget doing sth.(記得/忘記做過某事)例如:I forgot closing the window.(我忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)上窗戶了。)

- 重點詞組

- look forward to(期待;盼望)例如:I look forward to hearing from you.(我期待收到你的來信。)

- pay attention to(注意)例如:You should pay attention to your spelling.(你應(yīng)該注意你的拼寫。)

- make a decision(做決定)

- in the end(最后;終于)

- by heart(憑記憶)

- improve one's memory(提高某人的記憶力)

- connect...with...(把……與……聯(lián)系起來)

- 重點語法:

動詞不定式作賓語:常見的動詞有 want、decide、hope、plan 等,如 I want to go shopping.(我想去購物。)動詞不定式作賓語時,有時用 it 作形式賓語,真正的賓語后置,如:I find it difficult to learn English well.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。)

動名詞作賓語:一些動詞后需接動名詞作賓語,如 enjoy(享受)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、keep(繼續(xù))等,如 I enjoy reading books.(我喜歡讀書。)He finished writing the report.(他完成了報告的撰寫。)Do you mind opening the window?(你介意打開窗戶嗎?)

Unit 8 English week

- 重點句型

- It is + adj. + to do sth.(做某事是……的)例如:It is important to learn English well.(學(xué)好英語很重要。)

- What do you think of...?(你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?)例如:What do you think of this movie?(你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?)

- How do you like...?(你覺得……怎么樣?)例如:How do you like the new teacher?(你覺得新老師怎么樣?)

- 重點詞組

- take part in(參加)

- have fun(玩得開心)

- learn about(了解)

- different kinds of(不同種類的)

- give a speech(發(fā)表演講)

- at the same time(同時)

- in English(用英語)

- be interested in(對……感興趣)

重點語法:

一般現(xiàn)在時:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作、習(xí)慣、真理等。其構(gòu)成是主語 + 動詞原形(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,一般在動詞詞尾加 -s 或 -es)。例如:I usually get up at six o'clock.(我通常六點起床。)He goes to school by bike.(他騎自行車去上學(xué)。)其否定句借助 don't/doesn't,動詞還原;疑問句將 do/does 提前。如:I don't like coffee.(我不喜歡咖啡。)Does she play football?(她踢足球嗎?)

一般將來時:will + 動詞原形,表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與 tomorrow、next week 等時間狀語連用;be going to + 動詞原形,表示計劃、打算做某事或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生某事。例如:I will go to Beijing next week.(我下周將去北京。)It's going to rain.(快要下雨了。)其否定句在 will 或 be 后加 not,疑問句將 will 或 be 提前。如:I won't go to the party.(我不會去參加派對。)Are you going to visit your grandparents?(你打算去看望你的祖父母嗎?)

例句(老師可以拿去出翻譯題

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

 重點詞組

- listen to(聽):I often listen to English podcasts to improve my listening skills.(我經(jīng)常聽英語播客來提高我的聽力技能。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about different cultures through reading books.(我們可以通過讀書來了解不同的文化。)

- talk about(談?wù)摚篢hey are talking about their favorite movies.(他們正在談?wù)撍麄冏钕矚g的電影。)

- be born(出生):He was born in a small village.(他出生在一個小村莊。)

- in the countryside(在農(nóng)村):My grandparents live in the countryside and enjoy a peaceful life.(我的祖父母住在農(nóng)村,享受著寧靜的生活。)

- for example(例如):There are many fruits I like, for example, apples and bananas.(我喜歡很多水果,例如蘋果和香蕉。)

- die out(滅絕):Many wild animals are in danger of dying out because of habitat loss.(許多野生動物由于棲息地喪失而面臨滅絕的危險。)

- at the end of(在……盡頭):At the end of the street, there is a beautiful park.(在街道的盡頭,有一個美麗的公園。)

- more than(超過):There are more than 50 students in our class.(我們班有超過50名學(xué)生。)

- used to(過去常常):She used to play the piano every day, but now she is too busy.(她過去每天彈鋼琴,但現(xiàn)在她太忙了。)

- know about(知道;了解):Do you know about the latest news in the world?(你知道世界上的最新消息嗎?)

- be famous for(因……而出名):Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.(杭州因西湖而出名。)

- one day(有一天):One day, I hope to travel around the world.(有一天,我希望能環(huán)游世界。)

- so much(如此多):Thank you so much for your help.(非常感謝你的幫助。)

- find out(查明;找出):I need to find out the truth of this matter.(我需要查明這件事的真相。)

- by the window(在窗戶旁邊):The cat likes to lie by the window and enjoy the sunshine.(貓喜歡躺在窗戶旁邊享受陽光。)

- be interested in(對……感興趣):He is interested in science fiction novels.(他對科幻小說感興趣。)

- next to(緊挨著):The supermarket is next to the bank.(超市緊挨著銀行。)

- be sure(確定):Be sure to bring your ID card when you go out.(你出門時一定要帶上身份證。)

- go for a walk(去散步):My parents often go for a walk after dinner.(我的父母經(jīng)常晚飯后去散步。)

- do with(處理;處置):I don't know what to do with this old computer.(我不知道怎么處理這臺舊電腦。)

- a number of(許多):A number of students participated in the volunteer activity.(許多學(xué)生參加了志愿者活動。)

- since then(從那時起):Since then, he has changed his attitude towards study.(從那時起,他改變了對學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度。)

- be made up of(由……組成):Our class is made up of 40 students.(我們班由40名學(xué)生組成。)

- connect...to(把……連接到):Please connect the printer to the computer.(請把打印機連接到電腦上。)

Unit 2 Numbers

- 重點詞組

- in one's life(在某人一生中):He has achieved a lot in his life.(他在一生中取得了很多成就。)

- at the moment(此刻;現(xiàn)在):I'm busy at the moment. Can I call you back later?(我現(xiàn)在很忙。我可以稍后給你回電話嗎?)

- look up(查閱;查找):If you don't know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.(如果你不認(rèn)識這個單詞,你可以在字典里查閱它。)

- from then on(從那時起):From then on, she studied harder than before.(從那時起,她比以前更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。)

- make a mistake(犯錯誤):Everyone makes a mistake sometimes.(每個人有時都會犯錯誤。)

- in a hurry(匆忙地):He left in a hurry and forgot his keys.(他匆忙離開,忘記了他的鑰匙。)

- be based on(以……為基礎(chǔ)):This movie is based on a true story.(這部電影是基于一個真實的故事。)

- be used for(被用于……):This tool is used for cutting wood.(這個工具是被用于切割木頭的。)

Unit 3 Computer

- 重點詞組

- turn on/off(打開/關(guān)閉):Please turn on the light. It's too dark.(請打開燈。太暗了。)

- connect to(連接到):You need to connect the printer to the computer.(你需要把打印機連接到電腦上。)

- in addition(另外):In addition, we also need to prepare some pens.(另外,我們還需要準(zhǔn)備一些筆。)

- consist of(由……組成):This team consists of five members.(這個團(tuán)隊由五名成員組成。)

- come into being(形成;產(chǎn)生):The universe came into being billions of years ago.(宇宙是數(shù)十億年前形成的。)

- in the 1960s(在20世紀(jì)60年代):Many important inventions were made in the 1960s.(在20世紀(jì)60年代有許多重要的發(fā)明。)

- work as(擔(dān)任;以……身份工作):He works as a teacher in a middle school.(他在一所中學(xué)擔(dān)任教師。)

- be unaware of(沒有意識到):She was unaware of the danger around her.(她沒有意識到她周圍的危險。)

- depend on(依靠;取決于):Your success depends on your hard work.(你的成功取決于你的努力工作。)

Unit 4 Inventions

- 重點詞組

- since then(從那時起):Since then, he has been very interested in inventions.(從那時起,他就對發(fā)明非常感興趣。)

- all one's life(一生;終生):He dedicated all his life to scientific research.(他一生都致力于科學(xué)研究。)

- lead to(導(dǎo)致;通向):Smoking can lead to many health problems.(吸煙會導(dǎo)致許多健康問題。)

- make a great difference(有很大影響):His words made a great difference to my decision.(他的話對我的決定有很大的影響。)

- have an effect on(對……有影響):The new policy has a positive effect on the economy.(新政策對經(jīng)濟(jì)有積極的影響。)

- work on(從事;致力于):He is working on a new project.(他正在從事一個新項目。)

- at the same time(同時):You can't do two things at the same time.(你不能同時做兩件事。)

Unit 5 Educational exchanges

- 重點詞組

- go on an educational exchange(進(jìn)行教育交流):He went on an educational exchange to the UK last year.(他去年去英國進(jìn)行教育交流。)

- be excited about(對……感到興奮):The students are excited about the upcoming school trip.(學(xué)生們對即將到來的學(xué)校旅行感到興奮。)

- make friends with(與……交朋友):I made friends with many foreign students during my trip.(我在旅行中與許多外國學(xué)生交了朋友。)

- take part in(參加):Many students take part in the sports meeting.(許多學(xué)生參加運動會。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about different educational systems through exchanges.(我們可以通過交流了解不同的教育系統(tǒng)。)

- during the stay(在停留期間):During the stay in the foreign country, we visited many schools.(在國外停留期間,我們參觀了許多學(xué)校。)

- at first(起初;開始):At first, I was a little nervous, but then I got used to it.(起初,我有點緊張,但后來我習(xí)慣了。)

- keep in touch with(與……保持聯(lián)系):We still keep in touch with each other after we came back.(我們回來后仍然彼此保持聯(lián)系。)

Unit 6 Ancient stories

- 重點詞組

- in the beginning(起初;在開始的時候):In the beginning, I didn't understand the story.(起初,我不理解這個故事。)

- instead of(代替;而不是):I'll have tea instead of coffee.(我要喝茶而不是咖啡。)

- turn...into(把……變成):The magician can turn a flower into a bird.(魔術(shù)師可以把一朵花變成一只鳥。)

- get married(結(jié)婚):They got married last year and are very happy.(他們?nèi)ツ杲Y(jié)婚了,現(xiàn)在很幸福。)

- fall in love with(愛上):He fell in love with her at first sight.(他第一眼就愛上了她。)

- be able to(能夠):She is able to speak three languages.(她能夠說三種語言。)

- come out(出版;出現(xiàn)):His new book came out last month.(他的新書上個月出版了。)

- all over the world(全世界):His name is known all over the world.(他的名字全世界都知道。)

Unit 7 Memory

- 重點詞組

- look forward to(期待;盼望)例如:I look forward to seeing you.(我期待見到你。)

- pay attention to(注意)例如:Pay attention to your spelling.(注意你的拼寫。)

- make a decision(做決定):It's time for you to make a decision.(是你做決定的時候了。)

- in the end(最后;終于):In the end, he found the answer to the question.(最后,他找到了問題的答案。)

- by heart(憑記憶):She can recite the poem by heart.(她能憑記憶背誦這首詩。)

- improve one's memory(提高某人的記憶力):There are many ways to improve your memory.(有許多方法可以提高你的記憶力。)

- connect...with...(把……與……聯(lián)系起來):We should connect what we learn with real life.(我們應(yīng)該把我們所學(xué)的與現(xiàn)實生活聯(lián)系起來。)

Unit 8 English week

- 重點詞組

- take part in(參加):Many students take part in the English speech contest.(許多學(xué)生參加英語演講比賽。)

- have fun(玩得開心):We had a lot of fun at the party.(我們在派對上玩得很開心。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about English culture during English week.(我們可以在英語周期間了解英國文化。)

- different kinds of(不同種類的):There are different kinds of English books in the library.(圖書館里有不同種類的英語書。)

- give a speech(發(fā)表演講):He will give a speech about English learning methods.(他將發(fā)表一個關(guān)于英語學(xué)習(xí)方法的演講。)

- at the same time(同時):We can improve our English and have fun at the same time.(我們可以同時提高我們的英語水平并玩得開心。)

- in English(用英語):Please write the composition in English.(請用英語寫作文。)

- be interested in(對……感興趣):She is interested in English novels.(她對英語小說感興趣。)

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