【原】原著快覽 (英中對照)｜《自由主義與正義的限度》邁克爾·J·桑德爾著（1982年)

翰墨書海 2024-12-19 發(fā)布于美國

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"Liberalism and the Limits of Justice" Authored by Michael J. Sandel. Cambridge University Press. 1982.

Author: Michael J. Sandel is an American political philosopher and professor at Harvard University. Known for his engaging teaching style and thought-provoking works, Sandel has made significant contributions to contemporary political philosophy, particularly in debates surrounding liberalism, justice, and the role of moral reasoning in politics. His works often challenge the assumptions of modern liberalism and emphasize the importance of community and shared values in achieving justice.

作者：邁克爾·J·桑德爾是美國政治哲學(xué)家，哈佛大學(xué)教授。桑德爾以其引人入勝的教學(xué)風(fēng)格和發(fā)人深省的作品而聞名，他對當(dāng)代政治哲學(xué)做出了重大貢獻，特別是在圍繞自由主義、正義和道德推理在政治中的作用的辯論中。他的作品經(jīng)常挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)代自由主義的假設(shè)，并強調(diào)社區(qū)和共同價值觀在實現(xiàn)正義方面的重要性。

Main Content: Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982, second edition in 1998) is a critical examination of liberalism, a political philosophy that prioritizes individual rights, autonomy, and neutrality in defining the good life. Sandel specifically critiques the liberalism espoused by philosophers like John Rawls, whose theory of justice emphasizes fairness, individual choice, and moral independence.

Sandel argues that liberalism fails to account for the communal and moral contexts in which individuals exist. He contends that individuals are not merely “unencumbered selves” but are deeply embedded in relationships, traditions, and shared understandings of the common good. By detaching justice from discussions of morality and shared values, liberalism undermines the solidarity necessary for a truly just society.

The book sparked the liberalism-communitarianism debate of the 1980s, challenging readers to reconsider the role of moral reasoning and communal values in political discourse. Sandel proposes that societies should actively engage in public debates about what constitutes the “good” and implement policies that promote both justice and communal solidarity.

In essence, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice encourages readers to critically examine the limitations of liberal neutrality and to embrace a richer, morally grounded vision of justice.

主要內(nèi)容：《自由主義與正義的限度》（1982 年，1998 年第二版）是對自由主義的批判性考察，自由主義是一種優(yōu)先考慮個人權(quán)利、自主權(quán)和中立性來定義美好生活的政治哲學(xué)。桑德爾特別批評了約翰·羅爾斯等哲學(xué)家所信奉的自由主義，他們的正義理論強調(diào)公平、個人選擇和道德獨立。

桑德爾認(rèn)為，自由主義未能解釋個人存在的公共和道德背景。他認(rèn)為，個人不僅僅是“不受束縛的自我”，而且深深植根于人際關(guān)系、傳統(tǒng)和對共同利益的共同理解。自由主義將正義與道德和共同價值觀的討論分離開來，破壞了真正公正社會所必需的團結(jié)。

這本書引發(fā)了 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代的自由主義-社群主義辯論，挑戰(zhàn)讀者重新思考道德推理和共同價值觀在政治話語中的作用。桑德爾建議，社會應(yīng)該積極參與關(guān)于什么是“善”的公開辯論，并實施促進正義和社群團結(jié)的政策。

從本質(zhì)上講，《自由主義與正義的限度》鼓勵讀者批判性地審視自由中立的局限性，并接受更豐富、更道德的正義觀。