1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致

⒈ 由and 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)

and 連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)根據(jù)意義或概念確定謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

① 并列主語(yǔ)表示不同的人、物或概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：Like many others,the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪漢和調(diào)皮的小男孩也趕到那里尋找金子。

② 并列主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

如：The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律師兼大學(xué)時(shí)代的朋友陪他去歐洲旅行。

注意：指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，并列主語(yǔ)前只用一個(gè)冠詞；指不同的需要分別加冠詞；但兩個(gè)名詞具有分別的對(duì)立的意思時(shí)只需要一個(gè)冠詞即可

如：the writer and the educator have visited our school.

the writer and educator has visited our school.

A boy and girl are playing tennis.

③ 并列主語(yǔ)前有each,every,many a，no等修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：Each doctor and (each)nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.

Every man,woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity.

Every boy and (every)girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.

Many a boy and (many a)girl has made the same mistake.

No boy and no girl is there now.沒(méi)有任何男孩和女孩在那里

注意：many a跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞但是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義翻譯為很多

如：Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.

④ 并列主語(yǔ)為不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.

The knife and fork has been washed.

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

注意；常被視為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)

A cup and saucer一副杯碟

A horse and car馬車

A knife and fork一副刀叉

A law and rule法規(guī)

A needle and thread一套針線

Fish and chips炸魚加炸薯?xiàng)l

The stars and stripes星條旗

⒉ 由（either)…or或neither…nor等連接的主語(yǔ)時(shí)

由either…or；neither…nor；or；not only…but(also)…連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞陳述句中就近原則

如：Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.

Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.

Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.

⒊ 主語(yǔ)由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)跟肯定部分走

如：Not you but I am to answer the question.

I,not you,am to answer the question.

2單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致

⒈ 名詞本身自帶s作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

① 學(xué)科名詞：physics物理；mathematics/maths 數(shù)學(xué)；economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；politics政治學(xué)；新聞news；體操Gymnastics

如：As we know,Physics is a fundamental subject in science.醒是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。

Mathematics is a required course for middle school student.數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的一門必修課。

Einstein once said,'Politics is much more difficult than physics.'

注意：當(dāng)mathematics 表示運(yùn)算時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)皆可

如：If my mathematics is/are right,the answer is 56.如果我的運(yùn)算正確，答案就是56。

The television news is at 7clock in the evening every day.

Gymnastics is my sisters favourite sport.

② 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同行根據(jù)是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念判斷謂語(yǔ)

如：means 方式方法

aircraft飛機(jī)

works 工廠

crossroads 十字路口

deer鹿

sheep羊

fish魚

This works was build in 1982.

By far,three steelworks have been closed down in this city.

This means of transport has been tried.

All possible means have been tried.

③ 由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：chopsticks筷子

compasses圓規(guī)

glasses眼鏡

gloves手套

Jeans牛仔褲

shoes鞋子

scissors剪子

shorts 短褲

socks短襪

trousers 褲子

My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。

Why are your shoes so dirty?

注意：如果這些詞由單位詞（a pair of，a suit of，a piece of,a kind of等）靠飾時(shí)，單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

如：A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.

These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.

④ 表示國(guó)家、人名、書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：The united States is a developed country

The New York Times is widely read in the world.

⑤ 以-s結(jié)尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等專有名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物種類繁多

The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.

⑥ 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：belongings財(cái)產(chǎn)

clothes衣服

plastics塑料制品

earnings收入

goods貨物

leavings剩余

savings儲(chǔ)存

All the goods are very expensive.

⒉ 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

① mankind,humanity,man 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)

如：Only man knows how to cook.有人懂得烹飪

注意：mankind表示“人（類）”有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，其表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)。

如：Mankind are intelligent animals人是理智的動(dòng)物.

② people,police,cattle作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：The police are investigating the riot.

The cattle are grazing the the filed.

Many cattle were killed for this.

注意：people作民族講時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：There are 56 peoples in China.

③ family,crowd 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)概念確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

這類集體名詞有：Army；assembly；audience；band；class；club；committee；company；congress；youth crew；crowd enemy；family gang；government group herd；jury population；public team 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。

如：The family is going to move to New York.

The family have different opinions about their going abroad.

The football club committee arranges all the matches.

The football club committee have decided to dismiss him.

比較：

A family，a group,a class作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

Families,groups,classes作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

如：A group is coming to the zoo.人正朝著動(dòng)物園走來(lái)。

④ baggage/luggage(行李），clothing（衣服），furniture（家具），machinery（機(jī)器），poetry(詩(shī)），scenery（風(fēng)景），jewelry（珠寶），equipment（設(shè)備）等，是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞）

如：Our clothing protects us from (against) the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。

Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?

注意：machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery 等相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是machine,poem，jewel，scene等。如：a poem/a piece of poetry（一首詩(shī)），many machines/much machinery /many pieces of machinery（許多機(jī)器）。

⑤ hair的用法

hair（頭發(fā)，毛發(fā)）指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞（可數(shù)）；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞（可數(shù)）。

如：My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了.

The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā).

⑥ fruit的用法

fruit（水果）作為集合名詞它通常是不可數(shù)的。

如：He doesn't eat much fruit.他不大吃水果.

He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果.

但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits指多種水果。

比較：Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。

⒊ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

① 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.

To see is to believe.

Swimming is a good way to keep health.

How they will solve the problem remains to be seen.

Whether she will come is not known.

② 多個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)概念謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，表達(dá)不同概念謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

如：Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.（早睡早起一個(gè)概念）

Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.（讀書和打乒乓球是兩個(gè)概念）

Listening,speaking,reading and writing are all important.

To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.

3其他情況的主謂一致

⒈ 表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、金額、質(zhì)量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常被看作是整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：miles,dollars，pounds,kilograms公斤/千克，kilometres公里，centimetres厘米，millimetres 毫米，seconds,hours,years等

如：Five dollars seems a fair price.是一個(gè)公道的價(jià)格

Two kilometres is not very far for the young man

Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job

⒉ 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

如：One hundred cents make a dollar.

More than twenty years have passed since they got married.

⒊ 算數(shù)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)

如：Five times eight is/are forty

Four and eight makes/make twelve

Sixty minus seven leaves fifty-three

Forty-eight divided by six is eight

⒋ 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：Everyone something anybody nowhere.

Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.

Listen!Someone is knocking at the door.

Is anyone going to tell him the news?

⒌ each one of…，every one of…，anyone of…，one of…等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

如：Each of the girl in our class has a balloon.我們班每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)氣球

Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.

Every one of them is familiar to me.截對(duì)他們都很熟悉

⒍ each,every作形容詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但是each作復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

如：Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard.副滑板

They each have a skateboard.

Each/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary.

The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

⒎ none of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；none of,neither of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。

either of/None of that money in the desk is his.（不數(shù)名詞）

None of his classmates knows the truth.=None of his classmates know the truth.

Neither of the statements is true =Neither of the statements are true.兩種說(shuō)法沒(méi)有一個(gè)真實(shí)。

如：Either of the qualifications is acceptable=Either of the qualifications are acceptable.

⒏ neither 與either 做形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：Either qualification is acceptable.兩種資格中的任何一種都可以接受

Neither qualification is acceptable.

⒐ 分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞，some of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most of,the rest of,all（of）,half（of）謂語(yǔ)常與of 后面的名詞一致；分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+單數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

如：Two thirds of the students support the plan.（復(fù)數(shù)名詞）

One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.（復(fù)數(shù)代詞）

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（單數(shù)名詞）

Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.（百分?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞）

Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.（百分?jǐn)?shù)單數(shù)名詞）

The rest of the money belongs to you.

The rest of the students speak for it.

Half of the apple is rotten.

Half of the apples are rotten.

⒑ “more than one單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：More than one person has known the news.不止一個(gè)人知道了這個(gè)消息。

More students than one are for your proposal.很多學(xué)生同意你的計(jì)劃。

⒒ a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)（許多的）；The number of 名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（…的數(shù)量）

如：A number of trees are green in April.

A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.

A large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.

The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.

The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.

⒓ there/here...引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)就近原則

如：There are some chairs and a table in the room。

There is a table and some chairs in the room。

Here are some gifts for you。

Here is a book,a pen and some paper for you.

⒔ 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后接修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)

With,along with,together with,but,besides,except,like,including,in addition to,as well as,rather than,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致

如：A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.被作為禮物送給了這個(gè)國(guó)家。

The teacher,along with her students,is going to attend the lecture.

Apeasant,together with some soldiers,is about to help us.

All but one have arrived here.除了一個(gè)人外所有人都到了。

No one except two students was late for class.沒(méi)有其他人上課遲到

The garage,in addition to the house,was burned.

She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.

The father,rather than the brother,is responsible.父親而不是兄弟們應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)。

⒕ The+形容詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一類人用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，表示抽象概念用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

如：The injured were carried away on stretchers.跟擔(dān)架抬走了

The beautiful is not always the good,and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真

The true is to be distinguished from the false.真應(yīng)與假相區(qū)別

The good is what people like.人們總是喜歡美好的東西

In many stories,the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好報(bào)壞人有壞報(bào)。

⒖ all 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)指一切表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，指具體人或物用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

如：All has been tried.一切都試過(guò)了

All were silent.大家都一言不發(fā)

All was silent.萬(wàn)籟俱寂

All are here now.大家都在

⒗ 由 a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,名詞+of this kind,a type of a sort of謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)of 后面的名詞來(lái)定

如：A new type of machine is on show now.

Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan.