# 導(dǎo)入庫(kù)
from tkinter import *
# 初始化
root = Tk()
# 用到再解釋
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title('hello')
# 讀取配置文件
root.option_readfile('optionDB')
# Label用于顯示文字的標(biāo)簽控件，pack顯示
Label(root, text="hello world").pack()

root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title('Toplevel')
# 讀取配置文件
root.option_readfile('optionDB')

# 主頂層，作為根被引用
Label(root, text="This is the main(default) toplevel").pack(pady=10)
# 子頂層，依賴于根，當(dāng)跟被破壞，子頂層也被破壞
t1 = Toplevel(root)
Label(t1, text="This is a child of root").pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# 臨時(shí)頂層 總是畫(huà)于父頂層頂部，當(dāng)父頂層被圖標(biāo)化或最小化之后，其被隱藏
t2 = Toplevel(root)
Label(t2, text="This is a transient window of root").pack(padx=10, pady=10)
t2.transient(root)
# 設(shè)置窗口邊框?yàn)?0，背景為藍(lán)色
t3 = Toplevel(root, borderwidth=10, bg="blue")
# 設(shè)置標(biāo)簽背景藍(lán)色，前景色為白色
Label(t3, text="No wm decorations", bg="blue", fg="white").pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# 設(shè)置overrideredirect為非零值，窗口不能被縮放或拖動(dòng)
t3.overrideredirect(1)
# 窗口大小是300x100，位置為（200，200）
t3.geometry("300x100+200+200")
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title('Frame')
# for relief in [RAISED, SUNKEN, FLAT, RIDGE, GROOVE, SOLID]:
for relief in ["raised", "sunken", "flat", "ridge", "groove", "solid"]:
    f = Frame(root, borderwidth=2, relief=relief)
    Label(f, text=relief, width=10).pack(side=LEFT)
    f.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)

root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *


class GUI:
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("Frame Style")
        # 5種不同的邊框
        for bdw in range(5):
            # of0，of1...of4，表示五個(gè)框架,每個(gè)框架表示一行
            setattr(self, "of%d" % bdw, Frame(self.root, borderwidth=0))
            # of0,of1...of4每行加入標(biāo)簽控件，文字分別是borderwidth0...borderwidth4，并于顯示在左邊
            Label(getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw), text="borderwidth=%d" % bdw).pack(side=LEFT)
            ifx = 0
            for relief in [RAISED, SUNKEN, FLAT, RIDGE, GROOVE, SOLID]:
                # f0，f1...f4表示每行地方五列
                setattr(self, "f%d" % ifx, Frame(getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw), borderwidth=bdw, relief=relief))
                # 畫(huà)一行
                Label(getattr(self, "f%d" % ifx), text=relief, width=10).pack(side=LEFT)
                getattr(self, "f%d" % ifx).pack(side=LEFT, padx=7-bdw, pady=5+bdw)
                ifx = ifx+1
            getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw).pack()
        self.root.mainloop()


myGUI = GUI()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Label(root, text="stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away." +
                 "And yellow leaves of autumn,which have no songs,flutter and fall there with a sigh.",
      wraplength=200, justify=LEFT, relief=GROOVE).pack()
f = Frame(root)
for bitmap, rlf in [("woman", RAISED), ("mensetmanus", SOLID)]:
    Label(f, bitmap="@pic/%s" % bitmap, relief=rlf).pack(side=LEFT, padx=5)
f.pack()

root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *


class GUI:
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("Button Style")
        for bdw in range(5):
            setattr(self, "of%d" % bdw, Frame(self.root, borderwidth=0))
            Label(getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw), text="borderwidth=%d" % bdw).pack(side=LEFT)
            fx = 0
            for relief in [RAISED, GROOVE, SOLID, FLAT, RIDGE, SUNKEN]:
                setattr(self, "f%d" % fx, Frame(getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw), borderwidth=bdw, relief=relief))
                # Label(getattr(self, "f%d" % fx), text=relief).pack(side=LEFT)
                Button(getattr(self, "f%d" % fx), text=relief,
                       command=lambda s=self, r=relief, b=bdw: s.prt(r, b)).pack(side=LEFT)
                getattr(self, "f%d" % fx).pack(side=LEFT, padx=7-bdw, pady=5+bdw)
                fx = fx + 1
            getattr(self, "of%d" % bdw).pack()
        self.root.mainloop()

    def prt(self, relief, border):
        print("%s:%d" % (relief, border))


myGUI = GUI()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Label(root, text="Anagram: ").pack(side=LEFT)
# 字符串變量的容器
e = StringVar()
Entry(root, width=40, textvariable=e).pack(side=LEFT)
# 動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)置輸入控件的值
e.set("o troupe of little vagrant of the world,leave your footprints in my words.")
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var = IntVar()
Radiobutton(root, text="apple", value=0, variable=var).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root, text="orange", value=1, variable=var).pack(anchor=W)
var.set(0)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var = IntVar()
for value, text in [(0, "apple"), (1, "orange"), (2, "mango"), (3, "banana")]:
    # 設(shè)置indicatoron=0時(shí)，單選按鈕顯示為按鈕框，并且選中的按鈕表示為凹的浮雕
    Radiobutton(root, text=text, value=value, variable=var, indicatoron=0).pack(anchor=W, fill=X, ipadx=15)
var.set(2)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var1 = IntVar()
var2 = IntVar()
Checkbutton(root, text="apple", state=NORMAL, variable=var1).grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
Checkbutton(root, text="orange", state=DISABLED, variable=var2).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=W)
var1.set(1)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *


class Dummy:
    pass


var = Dummy()
root = Tk()
root.option_readfile('optionDB')
root.title('Checkbutton')
for castmember, row, col, status in [
    ('John', 0, 0, NORMAL), ('Eric Idle', 0, 1, NORMAL),
    ('Graham Chapman', 1, 0, DISABLED), ('Terry Jones', 1, 1, NORMAL),
    ('Michael Palin', 2, 0, NORMAL), ('Terry Gilliam', 2, 1, NORMAL)]:
    setattr(var, castmember, IntVar())
    Checkbutton(root, text=castmember, state=status, anchor=W,
                variable=getattr(var, castmember)).grid(row=row, column=col, sticky=W)
var.John.set(1)
getattr(var, "Eric Idle").set(1)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()


def new_project():
    print("new project")


mBar = Frame(root, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=0)
mBar.pack(fill=X)
fileBtn = Menubutton(mBar, text="button", underline=0)
fileBtn.pack(side=LEFT, padx="2m")
# 建立菜單項(xiàng)
fileBtn.menu = Menu(fileBtn, tearoff=0)
# 添加命令菜單
fileBtn.menu.add_command(label="New Project...", command=new_project)
fileBtn.menu.add_command(label="New...", underline=0)
# 圖片菜單
fileBtn.menu.add_command(bitmap="@pic/RotateLeft")
# 添加分割線
fileBtn.menu.add("separator")
# 退出command=fileBtn.quit
fileBtn.menu.add_command(label="quit", command=root.quit)
# 將菜單賦給menubutton
fileBtn['menu'] = fileBtn.menu
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
cascadeBtn = Menubutton(root, text="cascade menubutton")
cascadeBtn.pack()
# 一級(jí)菜單，以menubutton為根。變量名幾乎是隨便命名的。python類，為一個(gè)不存在的變量賦值，自動(dòng)添加變量
cascadeBtn.menu = Menu(cascadeBtn)
# 二級(jí)菜單，以一級(jí)菜單為根
cascadeBtn.menu.choices = Menu(cascadeBtn.menu)
# 三級(jí)菜單，以二級(jí)菜單為根
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.vierdones=Menu(cascadeBtn.menu.choices)
# 為三級(jí)菜單添加命令
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.vierdones.add_command(label="CRLF-Windows")
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.vierdones.add_command(label="LF-Unix and macOS")
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.vierdones.add_command(label="CR-Classic macOS")
# 為二級(jí)菜單添加命令
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.add_command(label="File Encoding")
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.add_command(label="Remove BOM")
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.add_command(label="Associate with File Type...")
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.add_command(label="Make File Read-Only")
# 為二級(jí)菜單的一項(xiàng)命令關(guān)聯(lián)三級(jí)菜單
cascadeBtn.menu.choices.add_cascade(label="Line Separators", menu=cascadeBtn.menu.choices.vierdones)
# 一級(jí)菜單設(shè)置
cascadeBtn.menu.add_cascade(label="File Properties", menu=cascadeBtn.menu.choices)
# 將一級(jí)菜單關(guān)聯(lián)到menubutton上
cascadeBtn["menu"] = cascadeBtn.menu
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
menuBtn = Menubutton(root, text="menubutton")
menuBtn.pack()
m1 = Menu(menuBtn)
m1.add_command(label="apple")
# 多選菜單，可以同時(shí)選中多個(gè)
m1.add_checkbutton(label="pear")
m1.add_checkbutton(label="watermelon")
# 將pear設(shè)置為選中
m1.invoke(m1.index("pear"))
# 單選菜單，只能同時(shí)選中一個(gè)
m1.add_radiobutton(label="lemon")
m1.add_radiobutton(label="orange")
m1.invoke(m1.index("orange"))
# 禁用菜單
m1.add_command(label="durian", state=DISABLED)
# 關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)menubutton
menuBtn["menu"] = m1
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Message(root, text="He wishes for the cloths of heaven"
                   "Had I the heaven's embroidered cloths,"
                   "Enwrought with golden and silver light,"
                   "The blue and the dim and the dark cloths,"
                   "I would spread the cloths under your feat:"
                   "But I,being poor,have only my dreams;"
                   "I have spread my dreams under your feet;"
                   "Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.",
        bg="royalblue", fg="ivory", relief=GROOVE).pack(padx=10, pady=10)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
ls = Listbox(root, width=15)
ls.pack()
for item in range(10):
    ls.insert(END, item)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
ls = Listbox(root, height=6, width=15)
# 創(chuàng)建滾動(dòng)條對(duì)象，并且設(shè)置滾動(dòng)與列表框y軸關(guān)聯(lián)
scroll = Scrollbar(root, command=ls.yview)
# 配置列表框y軸滾動(dòng)屬性,指定其回調(diào)函數(shù)為scroll.set
ls.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
ls.pack(side=LEFT)
scroll.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
for item in range(30):
    ls.insert(END, item)
root.mainloop()

import Pmw
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
# labelpos指label的現(xiàn)實(shí)位置北，南，東，西分別為N,S,E,W，label_text標(biāo)簽文字
Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="username").pack(padx=10, pady=5)
Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="password").pack(padx=10, pady=5)
Button(root, text="Login").pack()
root.mainloop()

import Pmw
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
# 建議初始化一下，也可以不用
Pmw.initialise()
# 只能輸入a~z和A~Z，使用標(biāo)識(shí)alphabetic，min表示最小長(zhǎng)度，max表示最大長(zhǎng)度;minstrict設(shè)置為false,表示不檢查最小輸入，maxstrict表示不檢查最大輸入
user = Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="username", value="user",
                      validate={"validator": "alphabetic", "min": 5, "max": 10, "minstrict": 0})
# 只能輸入數(shù)字+字母組合，使用alphanumeric標(biāo)識(shí)
pwd = Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="password", value="pwd",
                     validate={"validator": "alphanumeric", "min": 5, "max": 10, "minstrict": 0})
# 只能輸入數(shù)字，可以使用numeric標(biāo)識(shí)
lucky = Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="lucky", value="21",
                       validate={"validator": "numeric", "min": 0, "max": 100})
# 只能輸入指定格式日期，時(shí)間格式貌似只能是2010/1/1
birthday = Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="birthday", value="1900/1/1",
                          validate={"validator": "date", "min": "1900/1/1", "max": "2020/1/1"})
# 不檢查格式
sign = Pmw.EntryField(root, labelpos=W, label_text="signature", value="no limitation", validate=None)
widgets = (user, pwd, lucky, birthday, sign)
for widget in widgets:
    widget.pack(fill=X, expand=1, padx=10, pady=5)
# 使控件對(duì)齊
Pmw.alignlabels(widgets)
# 使密碼輸入框獲得輸入焦點(diǎn)
# sign.component("entry").focus_set()
Button(root, text="Login").pack()
root.mainloop()

import Pmw
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()


class Demo:
    def __init__(self, parent):
        self._real = Pmw.EntryField(parent, labelpos=W, label_text="score", value=10,
                                    validate={"validator": "real", "min": 0, "max": 99, "minstrict": 0})
        self._color = Pmw.EntryField(parent, labelpos=W, label_text="color", value="#bbbbbb",
                                     validate=self.custom_validate)

    def show(self):
        self._real.pack()
        self._color.pack()
# 檢查輸入是#六位顏色值，算法應(yīng)該可以優(yōu)化
    def custom_validate(self, text):
        print(text)
        if len(text) is not 7 or text[0] != "#":
            return -1
        temp = text[1:7]
        for i in temp:
            if (i < '0' or i > '9') and (i < 'a' or i > 'f') and (i < 'A' or i > 'F'):
                return -1
        return 1



myDemo = Demo(root)
myDemo.show()
root.mainloop()

import Pmw
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
balloon = Pmw.Balloon(root)
# hull_relief,hull_borderwidth
menuBar = Pmw.MenuBar(root, hull_relief=RAISED, hull_borderwidth=1, balloon=balloon)
menuBar.pack()
# 添加菜單,第一個(gè)參數(shù)菜單名，第二個(gè)參數(shù)是浮動(dòng)內(nèi)容
menuBar.addmenu("Buttons", "Simple Commands")
# 第一個(gè)參數(shù)菜單名，第二個(gè)參數(shù)文檔寫(xiě)的是浮動(dòng)幫助信息，但是這里看來(lái)是item類型，第三個(gè)參數(shù)狀態(tài)欄幫助信息，font用于設(shè)置字體，label設(shè)置文本
menuBar.addmenuitem("Buttons", "command", "Close this window", font=("StringerLight", 14), label="Close")
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
img = Image.open("pic/apple.jpg")
img = img.resize((30, 30))
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
# 古老的程序喜歡用bitmap
menuBar.addmenuitem("Buttons", "command", "Close this window", image=photo)
# 添加分割線
menuBar.addmenuitem('Buttons', 'separator')
# 普通的命令菜單項(xiàng)
menuBar.addmenuitem('Buttons', 'command', 'Exit the application', label='Exit')
# 添加一個(gè)菜單
menuBar.addmenu("Cascade", "Cascading Menus")
# 添加一項(xiàng)級(jí)聯(lián)菜單，注意第二個(gè)參數(shù)為自定義的該級(jí)聯(lián)菜單的名稱標(biāo)識(shí)
menuBar.addcascademenu("Cascade", "Submenu", "unknown", label="cascade")
# 在級(jí)聯(lián)菜單下加入一個(gè)菜單項(xiàng)項(xiàng)
menuBar.addmenuitem("Submenu", "command", "unknown", label="normal")
# 添加一個(gè)radiobutton風(fēng)格菜單項(xiàng)
menuBar.addmenuitem("Cascade", "radiobutton", "unknown", label="simple")
root.mainloop()

import Pmw
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var = StringVar()
optMenu = Pmw.OptionMenu(root, labelpos=W, label_text="Chose one fruit",
                         menubutton_textvariable=var, menubutton_width=20,
                         items=("mango", "peach", "cherry"))
optMenu.pack()
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()
# root.option_readfile('optionDB')
root.title('Notebook')
# Pmw.initialise()
# 創(chuàng)建三個(gè)頁(yè)面，并設(shè)置標(biāo)題
nb = Pmw.NoteBook(root)
p1 = nb.add('Page 1')
p2 = nb.add('Page 2')
p3 = nb.add('Page 3')
nb.pack(padx=5, pady=5, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
# 第一個(gè)顯示一個(gè)button
Button(p1, text='This is text on page 1', fg='blue').pack(pady=40)
# 第二頁(yè)畫(huà)個(gè)圖
c = Canvas(p2, bg='gray30')
# 窗口寬高
w = c.winfo_reqwidth()
h = c.winfo_reqheight()
# 畫(huà)一個(gè)橢圓
c.create_oval(10, 10, w-10, h-10, fill='DeepSkyBlue1')
# 文字
c.create_text(w/2, h/2, text='This is text on a canvas', fill='white', font=('Verdana', 14, 'bold'))
c.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
# setnaturalpagesize 變?yōu)閟etnaturalsize
# nb.setnaturalpagesize()
nb.setnaturalsize()
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()
paned = Pmw.PanedWidget(root, hull_width=300, hull_height=200)
paned.add("top", min=100)
paned.add("bottom", min=100)
paned.pack()
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)pane
pane = Pmw.PanedWidget(root, hull_width=300, hull_height=200)
pane.pack()
# 添加top和bottom兩個(gè)部分，最下值為100
pane.add("top", min=100)
pane.add("bottom", min=100)
# pane.pane("top")取的上半部分pane的索引，HORIZONTAL,在橫向上劃分
topPane = Pmw.PanedWidget(pane.pane("top"), orient=HORIZONTAL)
topPane.pack()
# 0~1之間的浮點(diǎn)數(shù)表示的應(yīng)該是占半分比
topPane.add("apple", min=.2)
topPane.add("pear", min=.2)
btn1 = Button(topPane.pane("apple"), text="apple")
btn2 = Button(topPane.pane("pear"), text="pear")
btn1.pack()
btn2.pack()
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()


def print_c(choice):
    print(choice)


promptDlg = Pmw.PromptDialog(root, title="PASSWORD", entryfield_labelpos=N, label_text="password",
                             # command=print_c
                             entry_show="*", buttons=("Ok", "Cancel"))
promptDlg.pack()
result = promptDlg.activate()
print(result)
root.mainloop()

3.18單選選項(xiàng)（Pmw.RadioSelect)
from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()


def print_c(*args):
    print(args)


# selectmode=MULTIPLE表示可以多選
rs = Pmw.RadioSelect(root, labelpos=W, label_text="fruit", frame_borderwidth=3, frame_relief=RIDGE, command=print_c,
                     selectmode=MULTIPLE)
rs.pack()

for text in ("apple", "pear", "banana", "lemon", "melon", "peach"):
    rs.add(text)
# 默認(rèn)選擇
rs.invoke("apple")
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
root=Tk()
cv1=Canvas(root,width="3c",height="3c",bg="DodgerBlue")
cv1.pack(side=LEFT)
cv2=Canvas(root,width="30m",height="30m",bg="Green3")
cv2.pack(side=RIGHT)
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()
# borderframe框架是否有邊界，設(shè)置為True或False;usehullsize，如果設(shè)為True則大控件的大小只由主體組件覺(jué)得，否則由其他組件一起決定；
sc = Pmw.ScrolledCanvas(root, borderframe=1, labelpos=N, label_text="ScrolledCanvas", usehullsize=1,
                        hull_width="400", hull_height="300")
sc.pack()
# 畫(huà)30x10個(gè)，矩形寬高為2c*2c，矩形之間間隔為1c
for i in range(30):
    x = -10 + 3*i
    y = -10
    for j in range(10):
        # 畫(huà)矩形
        sc.create_rectangle("%dc" % x, "%dc" % y, "%dc" % (x+2), "%dc" % (y+2), fill="gold1")
        # 畫(huà)文字
        sc.create_text("%dc" % (x+1), "%dc" % (y+1), text="(%d, %d)" % (i, j), fill="indianred1")
        y = y+3
# 加了這句才會(huì)添加滾動(dòng)
sc.resizescrollregion()
root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import Pmw
root = Tk()

from tkinter.dialog import *
import tkinter.messagebox as msg


def calc(a, b):
    # dlg = Pmw.Dialog(root, buttons=("Ok",), defaultbutton="Ok")
    # Label(dlg.interior(), text="%d" % (a*b)).pack()
    Dialog(None, title="answer", text="%d" % (a*b), strings=("Ok",), default=0, bitmap=DIALOG_ICON)
    # msg.showinfo("answer", "%d" % (a*b))


sf = Pmw.ScrolledFrame(root, labelpos=N, label_text="Scrolled Frame", hull_width=300, hull_height=200,
                       usehullsize=1, borderframe=1)
f = sf.interior()
sf.pack()
for i in range(9):
    fm = Frame(f)
    fm.pack(anchor=NW)
    y = i+1
    for j in range(y):
        btn = Button(fm, text="%d x %d" % (i+1, j+1), bg="moccasin", borderwidth=1, command=lambda a=i+1, b=j+1: calc(a, b))
        btn.pack(side=LEFT)
sf.component("frame").configure(bg="linen")
root.mainloop()