醫(yī)學(xué)英語難句剖析

2021-12-19

• No.23

• 詞匯注釋

• 語法注釋

• 參考譯文

• NO.24

• 詞匯注釋

• 語法注釋：

• 參考譯文

No.23

In examining a very sick patient the recumbent posture is the only possible one, the patient lying entirely relaxed. When lateral and posterior views are required of such a patient he should be gently turned from one side to the other, the facial expression being meanwhile noted for any signs of pain and distress.

詞匯注釋

• recumbent 美 [r??k?mb?nt]

adj.
平臥;躺著的;躺倒的

• facial 美 [fe??]

n.
美容，面部護理
adj.
面部

• distress 美 [d??stres]

n.
憂慮;悲傷
adj.
使悲傷;使苦惱

語法注釋

1. In examining a very sick patient 是介詞短語作狀語，表示時間。

2. the only possible one only是替代詞，代替posture。

3. the facial expression being meanwhile noted for any signs of pain and distress 獨立分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨情況。

參考譯文

檢查重病人時只能采取臥姿，使病人完全松弛地躺著。當(dāng)需要這樣的病人接受側(cè)面和后面的檢查時，應(yīng)該輕輕地把他從一側(cè)翻到另一側(cè)，同時注意病人的面部表情有沒有痛苦的征象。

NO.24

In the physical examination of the chest, the patient must assume a perfectly natural and unconstrained position. It is preferable, whenever possible, to have the patient in the erect posture, the arms hanging naturally at the sides. When the lateral surface of the chest is inspected, patient's hands should be clasped behind his head, allowing free exposure.

詞匯注釋

• assume  美 [??su?m]

v.
假定;承擔(dān)；采取

• perfectly  美 [p??rf?ktli]

adv. 
完全地;非常

• erect  美 [??rekt]

adj. 
垂直的，豎直的
vt
建立，建造

• clasp  美 [kl?sp]

n. 
扣環(huán)，緊抱
vt.
緊扣，抱緊

語法注釋：

1. It is preferable, whenever possible, to have the patient in the erect posture it 是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語，to have the patient in the erect posture，have在這里作使役動詞，可譯作“使”或“讓”。

2. the arms hanging naturally at the sides  是獨立分詞短語，作狀語，表示陪襯性動作。

參考譯文

在檢查胸部的時候，病人必須采取完全自然沒有約束的姿勢，可能的時候最好讓病人采取雙臂在身體兩側(cè)自然下垂的直立姿勢。在檢查胸部側(cè)面的時候，病人的雙手應(yīng)該舉到頭的后面互相扣拉，讓該側(cè)面毫無遮擋的顯露出來。