Question：老師，關(guān)于有些動詞-ing形式和-ed形式我還有很多困惑。

Answer：我們今天繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動詞（13）-ed, -ing, with 結(jié)構(gòu)做定語

非謂語動詞（13）

-ed, -ing, with 結(jié)構(gòu)做定語

Reading：

Long long ago, there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Agiao. She and her brother lived together with her father and their step mother. One winter morning, the step mother told Aqiao to go out and cut some grass for the sheep. The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the riverside to the foot of the mountain. But she didn’t find any green grass. Then she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley She pushed the branches aside. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. She bent down immediately to cut the grass. She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face, when suddenly she saw a lady dressed all in white in front of her, smiling.

“Little girl, how nice to see you! Won’t you come and stay with us for a while?”

Aqiao looked around. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. There were rows of white houses standing there with trees in front of them. The leaves on the tree were green and large. And there were many other ladies in white, singing and picking leaves from the trees.

Aqiao liked what she saw and decided to stay. There Aqiao learned to feed the little white worms called silkworms with those large green mulberry leaves and also learn to reel the shining silk from the snow-white cocoons formed by the little worms.

Time passed quickly. One day Aqiao thought of her brother. Without telling the lady in white, she hurried back home with some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds on her shuolder. On the way home she dropped the mulberry seed along the road.
    When she came back together with her brother, she couldn’t find the entrance to the valley any more, but the road was lined with mulberry trees. So she began to raise silkworms.

I．-ing 短語

1 動詞–ing 短語表示某人正在做什么,這些短語與關(guān)系從句相似.

And there were many other ladies in white, singing and picking leaves from the trees.

(=who were singing and picking leaves)

2.注意–ing做定語的不同意義：

…also learn to reel the shining silk from the snow-white cocoons formed by the little worms.

（=the silk which was shining.）

a writing table (=a table for writing)

a waiting bus (=a bus which is waiting)

a waiting room(= a room for waiting.)

3.動詞-ing形式常與 There is/are/was/were句式連用。

There were rows of white houses standing there with trees in front of them.

4 注意:發(fā)生在過去的完整的動作必須用關(guān)系從句表達。

Anyone who saw the accident (不是 Anyone seeing the accident)

小練習(xí)1  用動詞 –ing形式造句：

例： Travellers have been told they can’t get into the city. They’re arriving at Orlando Airport.

-- Travellers  arriving at Orlando Airport have been told they can’t get into the city.

1 This morning the road was blocked by floodwater. The road connects Orlando to the coast.

2 A woman had to abandon her car and walk home. She was taking her children to school.

3 A train fell into the river below when a bridge collapsed. It was carrying 73 passengers.

4 A car was swept into the river. It belonged to a mayor of Orlando.

II．過去分詞短語

1 過去分詞短語帶有被動意義。

…when suddenly she saw a lady dressed all in white in front of her, smiling.

(=who was dressed all in white)

There Aqiao learned to feed the little white worms called silkworms with those large green mulberry leaves.

(= that were called silkworms)

2過去分詞短語常接在There is/are/was/were 句式的后面。

Long long ago, there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. (=who was called Aqiao.)

小練習(xí)II. 用過去分詞造句：

例： Four fishermen are still missing.      They’ve been lost for 12 hours off the coast of Scotland.

--Four fishermen lost for 12 hours off the coast of Scotland are still missing

1 A life-raft was empty. It was found at the scene.

2 A helicopter is still searching the area. It was called from Lossiemouth.

3 Last week another Scotland fishing boat sank in the same area. It was hit by a submarine.

4 There have been three fishing boats. They’ve been hit by submarine this year.

III. With 結(jié)構(gòu)用來描述人和事。

1 With 結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：

With+ 名詞+ 介詞短語：She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.

又如： He climbed onto the hill with a gun in his hand.

=He climbed onto the hill, a gun in his hand.(也被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

=He climbed onto the hill, gun in hand)

With+ 名詞+ 分詞短語：He stood there with his right hand raised.

（=He stood there, his right hand raised.）

With+ 名詞+ 形容詞，副詞或名詞：

He left the room with the door open.

The boy came into the room with his face red.

He pulled on his socks with wrong sides out.

2.名詞+ With 結(jié)構(gòu)描寫人的身體特征或某事所具有的特征。

She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. (限定性)

(=that had red flowers and green grass on both sides.)

There were rows of white houses standing there with trees in front of them.

The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the riverside to the foot of the mountain. （非限定性，用逗號割開）

(=who was carrying a basket on her back.)

3. With 或without結(jié)構(gòu)可以做狀語：

She hurried back home with some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds on her shoulder.

Withouttelling the lady in white, she hurried back home with some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds.

小練習(xí)III. 用with 結(jié)構(gòu)造句：

1 A man attacked Mrs Hyde. He had short dark hair.

2 Later the police found an empty handbag. It had blood on it.

3 A boy was walking past the bank at the time of the attack. He had a dog.

上期答案：

1 to copy      2 hitting        

3 seeing        4 to remember             

5 not being