七年級(jí)英語上冊知識(shí)總結(jié) Unit 1:My name's Gina. 第一單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了部分人稱代詞主格和形容詞性物主代詞。
具體內(nèi)容,請看下圖?? ?人稱代詞主格 在句中作主語,是整個(gè)句子的龍頭老大。
注意點(diǎn):但值得注意的是:I 作主語時(shí),be 動(dòng)詞用 am;she/he/it 作主語時(shí),be 動(dòng)詞用 is。 英語人稱代詞用法口訣: 人稱代詞主賓格, 作用不同莫用錯(cuò)。 主格動(dòng)詞前做主, 動(dòng)詞介詞后賓格。 You和it主賓同, 其他主賓須分清。 人稱代詞并列現(xiàn), 尊重他人禮當(dāng)先。 單數(shù)人稱二三一, 復(fù)數(shù)人稱一二三。 若把錯(cuò)誤責(zé)任擔(dān), 第一人稱我靠前。 ?形容詞性物主代詞 具有形容詞的特性,常放在名詞前面作定語,表明該名詞所表示的人或物是'誰的' 所以我不能單獨(dú)使用,其后必須跟名詞。比如:my name; your friend…… 英語物主代詞用法口訣: 物主代詞分兩種,形容詞性名詞性。 形容詞性能力差,自己不能來當(dāng)家。 句子當(dāng)中作定語,身后定把名詞加。 物主代詞名詞性,相當(dāng)名詞可單用。 句中充當(dāng)主賓表,身后沒有名詞影。 兩種代詞形不同,添個(gè) s 形變名。 his,its不用變,my變mine要記清。 話不多說,我們給大家來一些例證吧!?? ?經(jīng)典例句 1. I am a girl. 我是一個(gè)女孩。 2. He/She is my friend. 他/她是我的朋友。 3. You are very nice. 你非常好。 4. It is a bed. 它是一張床。 5. My name is Mary. 我的名字叫瑪麗。 6. Your room is so tidy. 你的房間很整潔。 7. This is his/her pen. 這是他/她的鋼筆。 8. That is my dog. Its name is Susan. 那是我的狗。它的名字叫蘇珊。 9.He's a student. His mother is a teacher. 他是一名學(xué)生。他媽媽是一位教師。 Unit 2:Is this your pencil? 第二單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了指示代詞和疑問代詞who。
具體內(nèi)容,請看下圖??
?指示代詞 用來指示人或事物的詞,名字叫“代詞”。就像這棵樹,那個(gè)人…… 主要有:this (這個(gè)),that (那個(gè)),these (這些),those (那些)。 指示代詞用法口訣: this these距我近,that those離我遠(yuǎn)。 this that指單數(shù), these those表復(fù)數(shù)。 單復(fù)加 be 不相同,this that 跟 is,回答事物 it 代。 these those 必加 are,回答人 / 物 they 來替。 若是 what 提問物,回答要用 it/they。 若是用 who 提問人,人稱代詞來應(yīng)答。 無論單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù),其后都可加名詞。 情景若是打電話,I'm 和 You're 可不行。 This is 指我是,That is 說對方。 that/those 置 than 后,代替前面同類物。 ?疑問代詞 who “who”是用于指代人的疑問代詞,意為“誰”, 用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句,詢問人的身份。比如:who is she?她是誰? ?經(jīng)典例句 1. This is a car. 這是一輛小汽車。 2. Mom, these are my new friends. 媽媽,這些是我的新朋友。 3. — What's that? 那是什么? — It's a pen. 它是一支鋼筆。 4. — Are those your pencils? 那些是你的鉛筆嗎? — Yes, they are. 是的,它們是。 ?? 【妙語詮釋】 ①this 表示單數(shù),意為“這;這個(gè)”,此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用 is,如例句 1。 ②these 是 this 的復(fù)數(shù)形式, 意為“這些”,此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用 are,如例句 2。兩者指代距離說話人較近的人或物。 ③that 表示單數(shù),意為“那;那個(gè)”,此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用 is,如例句 3。 ④those 是 that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“那些”,此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用 are,如例句 4。兩者指代距離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。 1. — Who is she? 她是誰? — She's my cousin Jane. 她是我的表姐簡。 2. — Who is that boy? 那個(gè)男孩是誰? — He's my friend Jack. 他是我的朋友杰克。 3. — Who are you? 你是誰? — I'm Lisa’s brother. 我是麗莎的哥哥。 4. — Who are they? 他們是誰? — They're my grandparents. 他們是我的祖父母。 ?? 【妙語詮釋】 通過對以上例句的觀察,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)疑問代詞 who 引導(dǎo)的含 be 動(dòng)詞的特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)及其答語為: ① Who is he / she / 單數(shù)人稱? 其答語為:He's / She's + ... 如例句 1、2; ②Who are you / they / 復(fù)數(shù)人稱? 其答語為:I'm / We're / They're + ... 如例句 3、4。 Unit 3:This is my sister. “物主代詞”的家族成員紛紛亮相了!趕緊和翼老師一起來認(rèn)識(shí)它們的幾位成員吧!
?物主代詞
表示:所有關(guān)系,分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 注意點(diǎn):名詞性物主代詞 = 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞。 例如:This is my bag. 這是我的包。 = This bag is mine. 這包是我的。 物主代詞用法口訣: 物主代詞分形、名,形式用法各不同;
形容詞性先出場:我的 my 你的 your; 男的 his 女的 her,它的 its 不加撇; 我們的 our 他們的 their,別忘記! 物主代詞形變名,多數(shù)詞尾加“s”; my 變 mine 須分明,his 和 its 是本身; 形跟名詞,名不跟,用法牢記不會(huì)錯(cuò)! 【注釋】 ①“形跟名詞,名不跟?!?/p> 即形容詞性物主代詞在句中通常作定語,其后一定要跟名詞。 例如:Where is your father? ②而名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,其后不能跟任何名詞。 例如: These books are not ours. =These are our books. ?經(jīng)典例句 1. —What's your name? 你叫什么名字? — My name is Helen. 我叫海倫。 2. — Is this boy her cousin? 這個(gè)男孩是她的 表弟嗎? — No, he isn't. 不,他不是。 3. — Is that your pink notebook, Sally? 莎莉,那是你的粉色筆記本嗎? — No. Mine is here. 不是。我的在這里。 4. This dictionary is his, and that one is yours. 這本字典是他的,那一本是你的。 5. Your pencil is yellow. What about hers? 你的鉛筆是黃色的。那她的呢? 【妙語詮釋】 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于?形容詞,置于名詞前作定語,只起修飾限定作用,不可單獨(dú)使用,其后必須跟名詞,如例句 1、2。
名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于?名詞,在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語等,如例句 3、4、5。 Unit 4 :Where's my schoolback? 本單元語法重點(diǎn):表示方位或時(shí)間都介詞 on、in、under。
?方位介詞
在英語中,方位介詞是虛詞,不喜歡獨(dú)來獨(dú)往,不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分,必須與介詞后面的名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。 看看上面的圖片,大家是否從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了方位介詞的身影? 沒錯(cuò),由上圖可知:
on 意為“在……上” under 意為“在……下” in 意為“在……里” 1. Her clock is on the desk. 她的鬧鐘在書桌上。 2. My baseball is under the bed. 我的棒球在床下。 3. His keys are in his schoolbag. 他的鑰匙在他的書包里。 【妙語詮釋】 對上面這些例句中的劃線部分提問,需要用特殊疑問詞 where,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:Where be ...? 意為“……在哪里?”。 用來對位置提問,該句型中 be 的單復(fù)數(shù)要與其后主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 例如: -Where is her clock? 她的鬧鐘在哪里? -Her clock is on the desk. -Where is your baseball? 你的棒球在哪里? -My baseball is under the bed. -Where are his keys? 他的鑰匙在哪里? -His keys are in his schoolbag. Unit 5:Do you have a soccer ball? 第 5 單元的語法重點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 ?概念: 經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 ?基本結(jié)構(gòu): ①is/am/are; ②do/does 否定形式: ①am/is/are + not; ②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。?一般疑問句: ①把is/am/are動(dòng)詞放于句首; ②用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning。每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如:The earth moves around the sun。地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of China。上海位于中國東部。例如:Pride goes before a fall。驕者必?cái) ?/em>注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round。哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如:I don't want so much。我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well。安英語寫得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。5) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來含義a.下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning?;疖嚸魈焐衔缌c(diǎn)開。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes。汽車什么時(shí)候開?十分鐘后。例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me。比爾來后,讓他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there。我到了那里,就寫信給你。Unit 6 :Do you like bananas? 第 6 單元語法重點(diǎn):“可數(shù)名詞” “不可數(shù)名詞”。 ?可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞一般指可以一個(gè)一個(gè)或一件一件地?cái)?shù)的事物,它有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù),記憶口訣: 知識(shí)拓展: 以 o 結(jié)尾的詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有兩種情況:
①一種是加 -s。例如:photo → photos, piano (鋼琴) → pianos, radio → radios。 ②另一種是加 -es。例如:hero (英雄) → heroes, potato (土豆) → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes。 ?不可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞一般指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算的事物,它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:水(water)牛奶(milk)…… ?經(jīng)典例句 1. I have a banana and two apples. 我有一個(gè)香蕉和兩個(gè)蘋果。(可數(shù)) 2. Sally likes bread and milk for breakfast. 莎莉早餐喜歡面包和牛奶。(不可數(shù)) 3. I can see a chicken in the yard. 我可以看到一只小雞在院子里。(可數(shù)) 4. They want to eat some chicken for dinner. 他們晚餐想吃些雞肉。(不可數(shù)) 【妙語詮釋】 ①可數(shù)名詞一般指可以一個(gè)一個(gè)或一件一件地?cái)?shù)的事物,它有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,如例句 1 中的 banana 和 apples; ②不可數(shù)名詞一般指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算的事物,它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如例句 2 中的 bread 和 milk。 ③一個(gè)名詞可數(shù)或不可數(shù)并不是一成不變的。英文中的很多詞都是一詞多義,同一個(gè)詞在一種情況下是可數(shù)名詞,而在另一種情況下卻可能是不可數(shù)名詞,如例句 3、4 中的 chicken,在表示“小雞”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,在表示“雞肉”時(shí)則是不可數(shù)名詞。 Unit 7 How much are these socks? 平時(shí)我們買東西時(shí),都需要詢問賣家價(jià)格。那如何去“詢問價(jià)格”就是我們本單元的重點(diǎn)。 ?詢問價(jià)格 詢問價(jià)格的基本句式: 知識(shí)拓展:其他一些詢問價(jià)格的方式 ①How much do I owe you? 我該付給你多少錢?
②How much do you ask for it? 這個(gè)你要賣多少錢? ③How do you sell the watermelons? 這些西瓜怎么賣? ④How much do you say it is? 你說這要多少錢? ⑤How much do you want for it? 這個(gè)你要賣多少錢? ⑥How much shall I pay for it? 這我該付給多少錢? ⑦How much will that be altogether? 這些總共多少錢? ⑧What does it cost? 這要多少錢? ⑨What's the regular price? 固定價(jià)格是多少? ?經(jīng)典例句 1. — How much is the dress? 這條連衣裙多少錢? — It's 13 dollars. 十三美元。 2. — How much are the black socks? 黑色的襪子多少錢? — They are 3 dollars for two pairs. 三美元兩雙。 3. — How much is a pair of socks? 一雙襪子多少錢? — It's only 2 dollars. 僅售兩美元。 4. — How much are two pairs of trousers? 兩條褲子多少錢? — They are 40 dollars. 四十美元。 5. — What's the price of the radio? 這臺(tái)收音機(jī)多少錢? — It's 100 dollars. 一百美元。 6. — What's the price of these shorts? 這些短褲多少錢? — It's 40 dollars. 四十美元。 Unit 8 :When is your birthday? 第 8 單元語法重點(diǎn):when 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句、名詞所有格。 ?When引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 when 是疑問副詞,意為“什么時(shí)候”,用來對時(shí)間進(jìn)行詢問。 例如: ①— When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候? — My birthday is on September 28th. 我的生日是在九月二十八日。 ②— When do you go to school every morning? 你每天早晨什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)? — At about eight o'clock. 大約八點(diǎn)鐘。 ?名詞所有格 名詞所有格表示事物的所屬關(guān)系。相當(dāng)于漢語中的“的”。 名詞所有格用法口訣: 知識(shí)拓展:名詞所有格的構(gòu)成 ①表示有生命的單數(shù)名詞,一般在單數(shù)名詞的詞尾加“ 's ”。 例如:your father's birthday 你爸爸的生日 ②表示有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 · 如果此名詞以 -s 結(jié)尾,在詞尾加“ ' ”。例如:Teachers'Day 教師節(jié) · 如果此名詞不以 -s 結(jié)尾,在詞尾加“ 's ”。例如:Children's Day 兒童節(jié) ③1、表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加“ 's ”。 例如:Mary and Jane's mother 瑪麗和簡的媽媽 2、表示分別擁有,則需在各自的名字后加 “ 's ”。 例如:Kate's and Lucy's clothes 凱特和露西各自的衣服 ④表示無生命的名詞時(shí),常用“of + 名詞” 來表示。 例如:a photo of my family 一張我家人的照片 ?經(jīng)典例句 1、When does she have breakfast? 她什么時(shí)候吃飯? 2、When is your birthday?你的生日是什么時(shí)候? 3、When do you go to school every morning? 你每天早晨什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)? 4、when did he come back? 他什么時(shí)候回來? 1、The girl's skirt is beautiful. 這個(gè)女孩的裙子很漂亮。 2、There is a map of China. 那是中國的地圖。 3、Bob's sister's birthday is May 1st. 鮑勃妹妹的生日是五月一號(hào)。 4、The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice's mother.穿藍(lán)色衣服的女人是瑪麗和愛麗絲的母親. 5、This demand of theirs is quite ridiculous.他們的這個(gè)要求是相當(dāng)可笑的. 6、This is a photo of my parents. 這是我家人的照片。 7、Does anyone know the title of the novel? 有人知道這部小說的書名嗎? 8、Now you may sing to your heart's content.現(xiàn)在你可以盡情地唱了。 Unit 9 :My favorite subject is science. 第九單元的“特殊疑問句”可是七年級(jí)上冊語法的重中之重,一起來看吧! ?什么是特殊疑問句? 特殊疑問句是用來對句子中某一部分提問的疑問句,這種句子一般以特殊疑 問詞開頭。 常見的疑問代詞有:what、who。 疑問副詞有:when、why。 特殊疑問詞口訣: ?經(jīng)典例句 ①— What is your favorite vegetable? 你最喜歡的蔬菜是什么? — Tomatoes. 西紅柿。 ②— Who goes to your birthday party? 誰參加了你的生日聚會(huì)? — All my friends. 我所有的朋友。 ⑤— When is your birthday? 你的生日在什么時(shí)候? — It’s on July 6th. 在七月六號(hào)。 ⑥— Why does Jack like Friday? 杰克為什么喜歡星期五? — Because the next day is Saturday. 因?yàn)榈诙焓切瞧诹?/p> 【妙語詮釋】 通過對以上例句的觀察,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),特殊疑問句一般有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): 1. 特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句語序,如例句 1、5、6。 2. 特殊疑問詞 + 陳述句語序,如例句 2。 八年級(jí)英語上冊知識(shí)總結(jié) Where did you go on vacation?第一單元的語法重點(diǎn)是復(fù)合不定代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞是指由 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 -thing, -one, -body 等構(gòu)成的不定代詞。在使用復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.帶 some 的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用于肯定句中,而帶 any 的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用于否定句或疑問句中。如:●I can’t see anything on the table. 我在桌子上什么也看不到。●— Is there anyone in the classroom? 教室里有人嗎?— Yes. There is someone. 是的,有人。2.在表示請求、提建議等帶有委婉語氣的疑問句和希望得到對方肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中,也用帶 some 的復(fù)合不定代詞。如:●Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?●Why not ask someone to go with you? 為什么不叫人和你一起去呢?3.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),要放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。如:There's nothing serious. 沒什么要緊的。4.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如:Someone is waiting for you .有人正在等你。復(fù)合代詞美名揚(yáng),修飾成分后邊藏;如果它來作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。How often do you exercise?第二單元我們要學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)語法是頻度副詞。頻度副詞是副詞家族的一個(gè)分支,用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。1. She is always glad to help others. 她總是樂于助人。2. My mother usually gets up at six. 我媽媽通常 6 點(diǎn)起床。3. He often goes to the library. 他經(jīng)常去圖書館。4. Sometimes she plays tennis after school. 她有時(shí)放學(xué)后打網(wǎng)球。5. I hardly know him. 我?guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識(shí)他。6. I never go out at night. 我從不晚上出門。通過觀察以上例句,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn):1. 頻度副詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的“標(biāo)志詞”,表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或情況。2. 頻度副詞通常置于系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。(sometimes 可放在句首,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),也可置于句尾。)3. 頻度副詞按照發(fā)生的頻率大小可排列為: always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly > never。對表示頻度的詞(組)(如:once a week, every day 等)進(jìn)行提問時(shí),通常用 how often, 意為“多久一次”。如:Miss Gao dances twice a week. (對劃線部分提問) → How often does Miss Gao dance? I'm more outgoing than my sister本單元語法重點(diǎn):形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的原形就是原級(jí);比較級(jí),表示較……或更……;最高級(jí), 表示最...…單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化:部分單詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化: *由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,都是在該詞前加-more/most.quickly—more quickly—(the) most quicklydifficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly雙多音節(jié)字太長,前加 more 比它強(qiáng)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)用于兩者之間的比較,有如下幾種形式:把兩個(gè)人或物比較時(shí),如果只說明兩者相同,則可使用 as ... as 句型,表示“和……一樣……”。其否定句型為 not as / so... as,表示“……不如……”。這兩個(gè)句型中要使用形容詞或副詞的原形。 I am as tall as my sister. 我和我的妹妹一樣高。 She is not as popular as her friend. 她沒有她的朋友受歡迎。如果想表達(dá)兩者之間的差異,結(jié)構(gòu)為“A + be + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B”或“A + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 + 副詞比較級(jí) + than + B”, 表示“A 比 B 更……”。Mark is more outgoing than Tony. 馬克比托尼更外向。She is friendlier than other friends. 她比其他朋友更友好。I did worse in the exam than Sally. 我考試成績沒 Sally 的優(yōu)秀。Please sing more loudly in the show. 請?jiān)诒硌葜谐酶舐曇稽c(diǎn)。(1)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”,意為“越來越”。多音節(jié)比較級(jí)用“more and more+原級(jí)”(2)“the+比較級(jí)(…), the+比較級(jí)(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.(3)“主+ is + the 形容詞比較級(jí)+of the two+名復(fù) “,意為”主語是兩者中較......的”4. 表示兩者在某一方面相同時(shí),用“A+謂語動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+as+ adj./adv.原級(jí)+ as+ B.”Helen is as tall as Amy. 海倫和艾米一樣高。表示兩者中一方在某一方面不及另一方時(shí),用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as”。I am not as tall as my sister. 我沒我妹妹高。當(dāng)需要表示一方超過另一方的程度時(shí),可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit等來修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)前面可以用 much, a littl, even, a bit, any 等詞或詞組修飾,表示不同程度;比較級(jí)不能用very, so, too, quite 等修飾。Mr Smith is a little nicer to us than before. 史密斯先生對我們比以前更友善了一點(diǎn)。What's the best movie theater?本單元語法重點(diǎn):形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)。當(dāng)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),就需要使用形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí),來表達(dá)最高、最遠(yuǎn)、最快等意義。1. in 或 of 在句子中表示比較范圍時(shí),最高級(jí)就大顯身手。in 表示“在……內(nèi)”,意為在某范圍內(nèi),不一定是同類;of 表示“屬性”。Sam is the tallest boy in our class. 薩姆是我們班最高的男孩。The girl is the most hard-working of all the students. 這個(gè)女孩是學(xué)生中最勤奮的。 例如:This park is the second biggest in our city. 這座公園是我們城市第二大公園。3.“ one of the + 最高級(jí) + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示“(在眾多當(dāng)中)最……之一 ”。例如:This tower is one of the oldest towers in our town. 這座塔是我們鎮(zhèn)上最古老的塔之一。4. 最高級(jí)的意思往往可以用比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)出來?!氨容^級(jí) +than any other + 單 數(shù)名詞”可以表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義。例如:Mary sings more beautifully than any other student in our class. = Mary sings the most beautifully in our class. 瑪麗是我們班唱歌最好聽的學(xué)生。 Do you want to watch a game show?本單元語法重點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是 to do,其否定式是 not to do。不定式可以充當(dāng)多種句子成分,如主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語等。本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。有些及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,如 want, hope, expect, wish, plan, learn, decide, choose, would like 等。例如:I hope to be a dancer in the future. 我希望未來可以成為一名舞蹈演員。Mary plans to watch the talk show with her parents tonight. Mary 打算今晚和她的父母一起看脫口秀節(jié)目。常見接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞記憶口訣:三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng):hope/wish/expect;agree/promise 兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕:demand/ask;refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定:manage;learn;decide動(dòng)詞不定式還可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語,與句子中的賓語形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:ask, help, tell, wish, want, teach等。例如:Our music teacher teaches us to sing the new song. 音樂老師教我們唱這首新歌。◆一些動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)可省略 to,這樣的動(dòng)詞有使役動(dòng)詞 let, make, have 等,以及感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, hear, feel 等。I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看到他幾分鐘前離開了。◆help 后面既可以跟帶 to 的不定式,也可以跟不帶 to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。The boy always helps his father (to) cut grass on weekends. 這個(gè)男孩總是在周末幫他的父親修剪草坪。 I'm going to study computer science.本單元語法重點(diǎn):be going to結(jié)構(gòu)。be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)是一般將來時(shí)的一種。表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事,或經(jīng)主觀推測將要或肯定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常譯為“打算、計(jì)劃、將要”等。◆肯定句:主語+ be (am / is / are) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他。例如:He is going to be a doctor in the future. I'm going to study math really hard. I am not going to practice singing lessons after school.Be (am / is / are) + 主語 + going to + 動(dòng)詞原 形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主語 + am / is / are.否定回答:No, 主語 + am / is / are not.— Are you going to work all night?— Yes, I am. / No, I am not.— Is she going to visit her grandfather tomorrow?— Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.特殊疑問詞 + be (am / is / are) + 主語 + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?When is he going to have his hair cut? What are you going to do this evening?◆常用的時(shí)間狀語有:this evening, tomorrow, next week, soon 等表示將來的詞或短語。注意:如表示“打算去某個(gè)地方”時(shí),to 后面常跟表 示地點(diǎn)的名詞。I am going to Beijing for vacation.be going to 跟“動(dòng)原”,計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備或打算;本單元語法重點(diǎn):一般將來時(shí)。一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。除了“be going to”結(jié)構(gòu)外,還有另一種表達(dá)方式,即“will + 動(dòng)詞原形”。常常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用,如 tomorrow,next week,in + 時(shí)間,in the future 等。◆肯定句:主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他。He will go back to London in five days.◆ 否定句:主語 + won't (will not) + 動(dòng)詞原 形 + 其他。It won't (will not) be sunny tomorrow. — Will she come to the party this evening?— Yes, she will. / No, she won't.特殊疑問詞 + will + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?When will you get up tomorrow morning? 將來事情未發(fā)生,“打算”“將”“要”句意中。判斷時(shí)態(tài)要仔細(xì),將來時(shí)間要看清。be going to 和 will,后面都要跟原形will 不分人稱、數(shù),be going to 則不同。“單三”is,“我”am,其余主語 are 就行。Will,be 后加 not,句子變會(huì)變否定Will, be 到時(shí)句子前,一般問句即變成。 How do you make a banana milk shake?本單元語法重點(diǎn):可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1. 可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化,當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),前面需加冠詞 a / an / the;當(dāng)需要表達(dá)具體數(shù)量時(shí),前面需加數(shù)詞。例如:I have an apple and two bananas. 我有一個(gè)蘋果和兩根香蕉。2. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)變化,當(dāng)需要表達(dá)具體數(shù)量時(shí),可用量詞短語。例如:I'd like to order a cup of yogurt and two pieces of bread. 我想點(diǎn)一杯酸奶和兩片面包。3. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前面可以用 many,a few 等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞前面可以用 much,a little 等修飾。例如:Many boys and girls think it is fun to read books. 很多男孩和女孩認(rèn)為看書很有趣。Minnie likes to drink a little milk before she goes to bed. Minnie 喜歡在睡前喝點(diǎn)牛奶。 ◆另外,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞都可以被 some,a lot of 等修飾,例如:Our teacher comes into the classroom with some books / paper in his hands. 我們老師手里拿著一些書/紙進(jìn)了教室。how much 與 how many 均意為“多少”,how much 用來提問不可數(shù)名詞,而 how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞。此外,how much 還可以用來提問價(jià)格,意思是“多少錢”。例如:— How many oranges do we need? 我們需要多少個(gè)橘子?— We need three oranges. 我們需要三個(gè)橘子。 — How much sugar do we need? 我們需要多少糖?— We need two spoons of sugar. 我們需要兩匙糖。 — How much is your new watch? 你的新手表多少錢?Can you come to my party?can 意為“能;會(huì)”,是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以用 來提出“邀請”。Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow? 你明天能來參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎? Can you hang out with us tonight? 今晚你能和我們一起出去玩嗎?Can she go to the football game? 她能去看足球比賽嗎?Can you go for a swim with me this afternoon? 今天下午你能跟我一起去游泳嗎? 接受邀請時(shí),答句可以是“OK. / Sure. It sounds great. / All right. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure, I'd love / like to.”或“Yes, I can.”。 拒絕邀請時(shí),答句可以是“I'm sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't. / Sorry, but I'm not available / free.”。Could / Would / Will you please come to my birthday party?Would you like / love to come to my birthday party?I hope you can come to my birthday party.Please come to my birthday party.May I ask / invite you to come to my birthday party?What / How about coming to my birthday party?If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!if 意為“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。從句可放在主句后,也可放在主句前,放在主句前時(shí)常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(記憶口訣:條件句,放在前,逗號(hào)要放句中間)。if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句則用一般將來時(shí),即遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。主將從現(xiàn) 構(gòu)成 | 主句(主將) | if從句(從現(xiàn)) | 時(shí)態(tài) | 1.一般將來時(shí): 主語+shall/will +V原 2.主句是祈使句 3.主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can, may , must等詞 4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表愿望的詞 | 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 主+ be(is/am/are) +其它(名/形)。 主+V 原+其它。 主(單三)+V(單三)+其它。 | 例句 | I will be busy.
call me please. he will take us to the zoo. please let me know. I may take a trip. | If I am an teacher, If you come back, If he comes, If you can come, If I have much money | 1. 在與 if 條件句連用的主句中我們一般用will 表示將來時(shí),而不用be going to 表示將來時(shí)。◆另外,在when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), after, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,如果主句為一般將來時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(主將從現(xiàn))。例如:I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就給你打電話。2. unless 意為“如果不;除非”。“if + 否定句” 相當(dāng)于“unless + 肯定句”。例如:You’ll be late if you don’t go there by bus. = You’ll be late unless you go there by bus. 如果你不乘坐公共汽車去那里,你會(huì)遲到的。九年級(jí)英語全冊知識(shí)總結(jié) Unit 1:How can we become good learners?第一單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:'by+V-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)詳解;提建議的句式。★“by+V-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作方式狀語,常用來表示“以、靠、借助、通過、用(某種方法或手段)”而達(dá)到某種預(yù)期的目的。該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來回答 How do you...? 之類的問題。★ 當(dāng) by 和表示交通工具的名詞連用時(shí),它與名詞之間不用任何限定詞,且名詞用單數(shù)形式。They often go to school by subway. 他們經(jīng)常坐地鐵上學(xué)。★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示“通過;借助”。by 后接表示動(dòng)作、行為的名詞;in 表示“用某種語言;用某種材料”;with 后接表示物體或工具的名詞。如:You may send the book by post. 你可以通過郵局把書寄出去。①What/how about +doing sth.?如:What/ How about going shopping?如:Why don't you go shopping?如:Shall we/ I go shopping?Unit 2:I think that mooncakes are delicious!第二單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:賓語從句;反義疑問句;表達(dá)“花費(fèi)”。that,if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:1. 由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:that 在從句中無詞義,不作任何成分,??墒÷?。如: Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper. I think (that) you are right.2. 由 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),一般可通用,都表示“是否”。如:I don't know if / whether she still works there.I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.但在下列情況下,只能用 whether,而不能用 if:(1)在 whether ... or not 或 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用 if。如:Nobody knows whether or not it will rain.I'm interested in whether he likes English.★ 主從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可用各種時(shí)態(tài);當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句常用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。但當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)或一般真理時(shí),即使主句為過去時(shí),賓語從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian. Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.【四川樂山】30.-Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.-Don't mention it. _____ you have more questions,come to me any time.Lily is a student isn't she?Lily will go to China,won't she?She doesn't come from China,does she?You haven't finished homework,have you?Lily is a student,isn't she?如:little,few,never,nothing,hard 等,其反意疑問句用肯定式。如:He knows little English,does he?他一點(diǎn)也不懂英語,不是嗎?1.spend 動(dòng)詞,表示“花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間'①spend...on sth.在某事上花費(fèi)(金錢、時(shí)間)②spend...doing sth.花費(fèi)(金錢、時(shí)間)去做某事He spends too much time on clothes.他花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間在衣著上。(花金錢)He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費(fèi)了三個(gè)月去建這座橋。(花時(shí)間)① pay(sb.)money for sth. 花費(fèi)錢(給某人)買。⑥ pay off one's money. 還清錢。① I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元買這本書。② I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。③ Don't wory! I'll pay for you. 別擔(dān)心,我會(huì)給你付錢的。④ They pay us every month. 他們每月給我們報(bào)酬。3. take 后面常跟雙賓語,常見用法有以下幾種:① It takes sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。② doing sth.takes sb.+時(shí)間,做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。① It took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修車。4.cost 的主語是物或某種活動(dòng),還可以表示”值”,常見用法如下:① sth. costs(sb.)+金錢,某物花了(某人)多少錢。② (doing)sth.costs(sb).時(shí)間,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。注意:cost 的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。① A new computer costs a lot of money.一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。② Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。1.【湖南長沙】Tom spent 200 yuan ______ this book.2.【廣東深圳】It ______ me two days to finish the work.3.【天津】34.I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.4.【四川宜賓】24.I ______ $300 for the bike.Unit 3:Could you please tell me第三單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:賓語從句;語態(tài);倒裝句;程度副詞。1. 由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引導(dǎo),不能省略。例如:2. 由連接副詞 how, where, when, why 引導(dǎo), 也不可省略。例如:I don't know where I can buy this kind of camera.3. 賓語從句用陳述句語序,即:連接詞 + 主語 + 謂語 + 其他。4. 主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系:(1) 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可以是根據(jù)情況所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如:I don't know when she came here. Can you tell me when he will come here?(2) 如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài),從句也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種。但若從句是表示客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:He told us why he would stay at home the next day.The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.5. 某些由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可改為含“特殊疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。例如:Can you tell me where I can buy this book? → Can you tell me where to buy this book?1.【2017南昆明】33.—Could you please tell me ____ ?一The people and the food.A.how does Tom like China C.what does Tom like about ChinaD.what Tom likes about China2.【2017廣西貴港】44.—Could you tell me ______ ?A.when did your friend give it to youB.what did your friend give youC.how your friend got to the supermarketD.what your friend gave you① 英語有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者② 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成由“助動(dòng)詞 be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞 be 有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與 be 作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由 so+助動(dòng)詞(be/do/will/have)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語 意為:…也是一樣She is a student.So am I. 她是一個(gè)學(xué)生,我也是。She went to school just now.So did I. 她剛才去學(xué)校了,我也是She has finished the work.So have I. 她已經(jīng)完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school.So will he. 她將去學(xué)校,他也是。I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.我總是經(jīng)常/有時(shí)/從不上學(xué)遲到。Unit 4:I used to be afraid of the dark.第四單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:used to 的用法;if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;few 和 little。used to 是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“過去經(jīng)常;以前常?!保浜蠼觿?dòng)詞原形。它表示過去存在某種狀態(tài)或者過去的某種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為或者動(dòng)作。★ 其用于肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語 + used to + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他。如:I used to play ping-pong with my brother. 過去我常常和我哥哥一起打乒乓球。★ 其用于否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語 + didn't +use to+ 動(dòng)詞原形。如:You didn't use to like action movies. 你過去不喜歡動(dòng)作片。★ 其用于一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:Did + 主 語 + use to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他? 如:Did your sister use to be shy? 你的妹妹過去害羞嗎?be used to (doing) sth 意為“習(xí)慣于(做)某 事”,to 后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:The students are used to the new teacher now. 學(xué)生們現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣這個(gè)新老師了。They are used to raising their hands first when they want to ask questions. 他們習(xí)慣了問問題前先舉手。★ if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)性條件狀語從句即虛擬語氣,通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化來表示說話人對發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度或看法的動(dòng)詞形式稱為語氣,虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí),而是一種祝愿,建議或是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。★ if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句分為真實(shí)和非真實(shí)條件句,非真實(shí)條件句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。如果要表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反時(shí),其虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為: | | | | 形式動(dòng)詞過去式(be 動(dòng)詞用 were) | | 即:(從句)if 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(be 動(dòng)詞用 were),一般過去時(shí)(主句)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形過去將來時(shí)。If I had time,I would go for a walk.如果我有時(shí)間,我就會(huì)去散步。(事實(shí)上我現(xiàn)在沒有時(shí)間)If I were you,I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的話,我會(huì)帶上雨傘。(事實(shí)上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人請我當(dāng)電影演員,我會(huì)表示拒絕。(事實(shí)上沒有人請我當(dāng)電影演員)1.【陜西】24.If there ______ no buying and selling of animals,there ______ no killing in nature.A.is;will be B.will be;will be 2.【黑龍江綏化市】25.I'm waiting for my friend. ______ ,I'll go shopping alone.a few 與 a little 的區(qū)別,few 與 little 的區(qū)別:a litle 一些,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,兩者表肯定意義。如:He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the botle.在瓶子里有一些糖。★ few 少數(shù)的,修飾可數(shù)名詞little少數(shù)的,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,但兩者表否定意義。如:He has few friends.他沒有幾個(gè)朋友。1.【江蘇常州】He offered ______ valuable advice that ______ people disagreed. 2.【青島市】Dave has _______ friends here,so he often stays at home by himself and feels lonely.Unit 5:What are the shirts made of?第五單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:一般現(xiàn)在式的被動(dòng)語態(tài);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);名詞所有格。一般現(xiàn)在式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。★ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作,由“主語 + am/is/are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+by+ 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)”構(gòu)成。例如:The yard is cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打掃。★ 當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或不用指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:Mobile phones are mainly used to keep in touch with other people. 手機(jī)主要被用來和其他人保持聯(lián)系。 ★ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將 be 提至句首;否定句是在 be 后加 not。例如:Is Chinese spoken by many people? 許多人說漢語嗎?The little girl is not looked after by her mother. 這個(gè)小女孩不是由她的媽媽照顧。★ 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,將主動(dòng)句的謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+ 過去 分詞),將主動(dòng)句的主語放在介詞 by 之后作賓語,若為主格應(yīng)改為賓格。例如:He broke the cup. 他打破了杯子。→ The cup was broken by him. 杯子被他打破了。1.【廣西南寧】32.Han Han's books are popular.They ______ by many teenagers. 2.【湖北宜昌】34.-At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.-More chances ______ to students to learn from each other.★ 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與 already,just,yet,ever,never 連用。如:I have already finished it. 我已經(jīng)完成了。Have you ever been to China? 你曾經(jīng)去過中國嗎?★ ①表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)和表示過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi))的一段時(shí)間的狀態(tài)連用。如:(for+ 時(shí)間段,since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn),或過去某一動(dòng)作,以及 how long)。②注:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中不能和 for,since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語的肯定句連用。應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如:I have bought a pen.-----I have had a pen for 2 weeks.★① have(has)been to+ 地點(diǎn)(去過某地已經(jīng)回來)②have(has)gone to+ 地點(diǎn)(去了基地沒有回來)③have been in+ 地點(diǎn)(一直呆在某地沒有離開過)She has been to Shanghai.她去過上海。(已經(jīng)回來)She has gone to Shanghai.她去了上海。(沒有回來)She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她待上海兩天了。(沒有離開過上海)1.【2017福建】26.-Do you know the Color Run five-kilometer race? -Yes.So far it ______ into quite a few cities in our country.2.【2017河北】33.Wow!You ______ dinner!Let's eat now.★ 是在名詞后面加 s 或是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞,只在名詞的后面加',如:Ann's book 安的書,our teachers' office.我們老師們的辦公室。注:雙方共有的所有格,只在后面一個(gè)名詞加 's,如:Lily and Lucy's father.莉莉和露西的爸爸(她們的爸爸是同一個(gè)人)。★ 有 …of… 介詞短語表示無生命東西的所有格,如:a picture of my famil.我家人的相片。有時(shí)也有 s 表示無生命的東西的所有格,如:today's newspaper.今天的報(bào)紙。Unit 6:When was it invented?第六單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.【陜西】28.The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it ______ . 2.【湖南益陽】30.The sports meeting _____ next month.Unit 7:Teenagers should be allowedto choose their own clothes.第七單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);would 用法。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【湖南衡陽】27.Teenagers _______ allowed to drive. ① What would you like to do? 你想要做什么?I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去參觀桂林。② What would you like? 你想要什么?I would like some tea. 我想來些茶。③ Would you like to go to my party? 你來不來參加我的晚會(huì)?(表邀請)Yes,I'd love/like to./No,thanks.④ Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要點(diǎn)茶還是咖啡?Yes,I'd love/like.No.thanks.⑤ Where would you like to visit/go? 你想去哪呢?Unit 8:It must belong to Carla.第八單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must,may,might,could,may,can 表示推測含義與用法后面都接動(dòng)詞原形,都可以表示對現(xiàn)在情況的揣測和推斷但他們含義有所不同。② may,might,could 有可能,也許(20%、80%可能性)③ can't 不可能,不會(huì)(可能性幾乎為零)The dictionary must be mine.It has my name on it.The hair band can't be Bob's.After all,he is boy!1.【吉林長春】20.-Are the glasses Tim's? -No,they _______ be his.He doesn't wear glasses.2.【江蘇宿遷】5.-Excuse me,is this the way to No.10 Middle School?-Oh,sory.I'm not sure.But it ______ be.Unit 9:I like music that I can dance to.★ 定語從句:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)由 who、that、which 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。★ 先行詞:被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。★ 關(guān)系代詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中有三個(gè)作用:(3)在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。who、that、which 一般在定語從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞① She is the girl who/that wants to see you.② The man wants to find a house that/which is in the center of the city. ③ The story (that/which) he told me yesterday was interesting.④ The girl (who/that) I talked to a moment ago is my cousin. 1. 當(dāng)先行詞表示人時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用 that 或 who;當(dāng)先行詞表示物時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用 that 或 which。2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能省略;當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可以省略。1.【綿陽市】20.I can never forget the stories ______ my grandma told me. 2.【浙江嘉興】21.Most students like the teachers ______ understand them well.Unit 10:You 're supposed to shake hands.第十單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:be supposed to;be expected to;It is + adj. + 動(dòng)詞不定式;so…that…。be supposed to 意為“被期望或要求……”,其中 to 是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形,be 有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not。當(dāng) be supposed to 的主語是“人”時(shí),意為“應(yīng)該……”,它可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等,相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should,如:You are supposed to stop smoking. 你應(yīng)該停止吸煙。當(dāng) be supposed to 的主語是“物”時(shí),表示“本應(yīng);本該”,用于表示“某事本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生”,如:The new law is supposed to prevent crime. 新法令本該起到預(yù)防犯罪的作用。be expected to 意為“被期望……”,表示一種可能性。其中 to 是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形,be有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not,如:They are expected to finish the work today. 預(yù)期他們今天會(huì)完成工作。It is + adj. + 動(dòng)詞不定式 “It is + adj. + (for sb +)動(dòng)詞不定式”意為“做某事(對某人來說)……”。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),常用 it 作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,如:It is important for us to help each other. 互相幫助對我們來說很重要。★ so…that… 如此...以致于,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so 后面接形容詞、副詞。★ so that 作“為了”時(shí),引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句常出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,作結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),從句中一般不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。She got up early so that she could catch the bus.She was so sad that she couldn't say a word.她悲傷得一句話也說不出來。(結(jié)果狀語從句)Unit 11:Sad movies make me cry.第十一單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:使役動(dòng)詞 make 的用法;在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。make 作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“使、讓”。具體用法如下:★ make + sb / sth+ 形容詞,意為“使某人或某物……”,其中形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:Soft music makes me sleepy. 輕柔的音樂讓我想睡覺。What he said made the teacher very angry. 他說的話讓老師很生氣。 ★ make + sb / sth+ 動(dòng)詞原形,意為“使某人或某物……”,此處的動(dòng)詞原形是省略 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,也作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:That man made me think of my dear grandfather. 那位老人讓我想起了我親愛的爺爺。Bad environment makes people want to leave the city. 糟糕的環(huán)境讓人們想離開城市。★ 使役動(dòng)詞 make 后跟省略 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),須加上 to。例如:The teacher made me repeat the story. → I was made to repeat the story by the teacher.由 連接詞+主語+謂語 構(gòu)成,常由下面的一些連接詞引導(dǎo):★ 由 that 引導(dǎo)表示陳述意義 that 可省略。如:He says (that) he is at home.他說他在家里。★ 由 if,whether 引導(dǎo)表示一般疑問意義(帶有是否、己否、對否等)。如:I don't know if /whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韋華是否喜歡魚。★ 由連接代詞、連接副詞(疑問詞)引導(dǎo)表示特殊疑問意義。如:Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要買什么嗎?★ 從句時(shí)態(tài)要與主句一致,當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如:He says (that ) he is at home.他說他在家里。I don't know (that) she is singing now.我不知道她正在唱歌。【2018四川成都】37.-How beautiful your skirt is!Could you please tell me ______? -Thanks.I bought it on Taobao.Unit 12:Life is full of the unexpected.第十二單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:過去完成時(shí)。① She had seen ten films by last Friday. 到上周五為止,她已經(jīng)看了十部電影了。② By the end of last October, she had collected 400 stamps. 到去年十月末,她已經(jīng)收集了 400 枚郵票了。③ By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had already cooked dinner. 我父母昨天到家時(shí),我已經(jīng)做晚飯了。④ Before Rebecca came to China in 2014, she had taught English in Korea for two years. 麗貝卡在 2014 年來中國之前,已經(jīng)在韓國教了兩年英語了。⑤ When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. 當(dāng)我們到電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開始了。通過上面的句子,發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么規(guī)律?快來總結(jié)一下吧!【2011陜西】1.Some students in Shanghai ______ e-bags for several months. Unit 13:We're trying to save the earth!第十三單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:總結(jié)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示現(xiàn)階段或現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與 now,these days 等時(shí)間狀語連用。另外,句中有 look,listen 等詞暗示時(shí),常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語構(gòu)成:is/am/are + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果;還可表示過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還要持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與 already,yet,before,so far,in the last three years,recently,“for + 時(shí)間段”,“since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。【福建泉州】1.-Dad,I ______ the station for minutes,but nobody came to meet me. -Don't worry.I'll go to meet you soon.當(dāng)沒有或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語構(gòu)成:be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。Unit 14:I remember meeting第十四單元的語法重點(diǎn)是:一般過去時(shí);賓語從句;be going to。He managed to get to the top of the Himalayas after trying several times. 在嘗試了幾次之后,他設(shè)法到達(dá)了喜馬拉雅山山頂。She borrowed some books from the library yesterday afternoon. She went to Beijing last week. 【2016綿陽】-Don't you see the sign 'No Parking!' on the right? -Sorry,I ______ .But now I know parking here is not right.I can't remember where I first met her. We haven't decided if/whether we will buy a new table. The English teacher told us (that) we would have a test next week. He is going to write a letter tonight. There is going to be a football game on Saturday afternoon.Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.
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