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石為園之魂 中國四大名園之蘇州留園

 李軍頑石 2022-06-01 發(fā)布于重慶

    留園位于姑蘇區(qū)留園路,始建于明代,最早為太僕寺少卿徐泰時的私家園林,為世界文化遺產(chǎn),是中國和蘇州四大名園之一。

    留園幾度興廢,屢易主人,最終形成典型的清代風(fēng)格。

    四大名園中,留園面積最小,僅有35畝,但卻因園景絕美和太湖石奇絕而天下聞名 。

    冠云峰位列留園三寶之首,為鎮(zhèn)園之石,相傳為宋徽宗的花石綱遺石。

    冠云峰重5噸,高6.5米,是江南園林中最高大的太湖石,它高聳挺立,四展如冠,是集瘦秀皺透之美于一身的精典。

冠云峰

    冠云峰立于浣云沼前,有瑞云岫云兩峰太湖石侍立左右,三者并稱留園姐妹三峰。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/DA/EA/CoNHdWG_XYgCZjwVABTtHAaZJaY.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

瑞云峰

    盛宣懷的父親盛康曾是留園的主人,盛康還給自己的三個女兒分別取名為:冠云、岫云瑞云

https://note./img/d2/af/883e13f6937b27a7615b4dca8655baae.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

岫云峰

    三峰下,小峰石筍堆列,花草綠植點綴,不出城郭而獲山林之趣。

    冠云樓、冠云臺、冠云亭均為觀峰之所。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/C8/F4/CoNGXmG_XZcEYyr8ABRPSPHvm-o.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

冠云亭

    在冠云樓下的白墻上,嵌有留園三寶之一的魚化石,石上的水草和20多條游魚栩栩如生。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/30/05/CoNK6WG_QUIyMSS7AAnqgHrpzMc.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    在魚化石上方,掛著書法大師沈尹默題寫的匾額仙苑停云,意指冠云峰與美景相映,宛若仙景。

    留園太湖石數(shù)不勝數(shù),列于各處,以孤賞為主。

    “獨秀峰”形若米芾拜石,留園第二位主人,書畫家劉恕(蓉峰)便將旁邊的書屋取名為揖峰軒,將周圍一組庭院稱為“石林小院”。

https://note./img/d8/dd/d77c09ea56ed4ab0e897bd5caeefa835.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

獨秀峰

   他用廊、軒等要素將100平方的小空間分割成互通的六個小院,除獨秀峰外,還立有晚翠、迎暉、段錦、競爽、“鷹斗獵狗峰”等太湖石峰。

    芭蕉、紫藤、竹子、湖石、石筍等共處園中,還形成一幅幅以石為主畫面的框景。

https://note./img/ff/95/e08066e1005db089492d57d1f3b8618c.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

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古藤峰石

    五峰仙館又名楠木廳,是蘇州最大的單體園林建筑,為江南園林廳堂的精華之冠。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/85/07/CoNFtWG_WNtNCd6RAAxFmRlYYUs.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    館內(nèi)的云南點蒼山大理石座屏直徑達(dá)1.4米,名為幽谷明月圖,有“雨后靜觀山”、“風(fēng)前閑看月”意境,為留園三寶之一。

https://note./img/f9/af/b83e03cf4f8cfc5826c0ebc8fa02f55a.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    仙館南面的太湖石假山按廬山五老峰形象堆砌,中間的三層臺階俗稱山階,寓意連登三級。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/99/F3/CoNK6WG_WOJshQ5fABb9hJWbVAk.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    盛康將所得的文征明停云館峰石置于館內(nèi)后,才改名為五峰仙館,仙館北院內(nèi)也是湖石起伏。

https://note./img/1f/f7/643f261d793c5892d46a59b9ad554539.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    留園中部的假山由蘇州堯峰山的黃石(堯峰石)堆疊,古樸剛勁。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/F8/74/CoNEk2G79AcNDicZABfGqjEulZk.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    到“聞木樨香軒”有一條山路,路面為漂亮拼圖。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/50/64/CoNFtWG79AtgpZodABRtVT2YjNI.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    假山西北的溪澗上有一座平板石橋,顯山野之氣。

蘇州留園高清大圖

    兩側(cè)懸崖陡峭,有高山流水之象。

https://note./img/79/0c/7bea8020aef5c05c0ae429e98cd579de.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     “聞木樨(桂花)香軒位于黃石假山最高處。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/63/9D/CoNGXmG8gBBb5nFJABaqxyfv-yM.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    斷霞峰立于黃石假山的近水處,為留園18景之一,石上刻有其名。

https://note./img/d5/4e/c00de42968855e39b55e7fb65e3fa3c1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

斷霞峰

    可亭諧音可停與石為伴,與池南建筑互為對景。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/76/5A/CoUBYGBseYyAOkCcABlMAwYm83s401.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

 https://p1-q./s19/M00/04/2E/CoNEk2G_UKIA57rCABoMNXCxhmE.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/04/EB/CoNHdWG_UKwYGVffABvp2VJJeus.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    舒嘯亭建于假山上,亭下有山溪。

https://note./img/fd/19/efb83d4c59956b79f368bf6b43e4ff85.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

舒嘯亭

https://p1-q./s19/M00/79/41/CoNEk2G_RIYtScRcABwCbDPB_jA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    小溪有樹掩映,溪中金魚漫游。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/23/83/CoUBYGBtKn2AGTl4ABezZHHNNkw987.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    曲溪樓臨水,其八角形小門可框景。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/7A/63/CoNIE2G8gH1HDYalABJHRnI99JY.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/BD/5D/CoNIE2G8pPFqIWvgAA1h8dK64AA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    清風(fēng)池館為水榭,有假山配景。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/23/B2/CoUBYGBtKp6AEBEyABKrYt1sTA4885.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    “君子所履方亭有一空窗,窗外竹石如清雅國畫掛在壁上。

https://note./img/26/3c/43ef612979ed03261d5037d2a3969150.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    “朵云峰立于遠(yuǎn)翠閣前,為文征明停云館舊物。

https://note./img/19/a3/6af6aac6eca4d692dc33b444f418ffc1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    遠(yuǎn)翠閣前的庭院有蘇州園林最古青石花臺,為明代遺物。

https://note./img/86/7d/918121cb80241b022290715bae7929ef.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s18/M00/75/D8/CoUBYGBseTyAeqm1ABEcmBnUsf4458.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/7B/64/CoNH2WG8h3MP1n3eAA1-DlyC7fI.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    上面刻多種吉祥動植物圖案,地面為精美拼圖。

    小蓬萊是水池中的小島,上有曲橋相連,架有亭式紫藤棚,旁有湖石陪襯,黃石上刻有其名。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/30/15/CoND5WG8gEkmmfVGAA53pKWxidU.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://ss0./70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4259821279,620181433&fm=26&gp=0.jpg

    “汲古得修綆”是一間書房,室外湖石成群。

https://note./img/7f/25/0444587d50198e6dc3d72f1c742c2c3f.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    林泉耆碩之館意為德高望重者的游憩處, 北廳為男主人會客賞石處,掛有林泉嗜碩之館匾。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/CF/0D/CoNKrmG_WNg_nHhIAA6YIvp-eLw.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    南廳為女主人會客聽曲處,懸有奇石壽太古匾,匾下刻有冠云峰圖。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/59/33/CoNK6WG_WNFYBO0NAAxm2EQlgeA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/8F/B3/CoNBKGG8pXIecrJWAA21MftUI0I.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     “東園一角鵝卵石鋪地,白皮松下湖石眾多,以留園18景之一的日華峰最有名。

https://note./img/20/75/faa5ea0d35aedd4d36da38b94e3ab6ef.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://note./img/12/6b/ec56cbc0429e1b4e7fb28c3ad828a828.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

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https://p1-q./s19/M00/8C/6D/CoNKrmG_Vg1-WplkABlvi-9TgCQ.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    盆景園占地1500平方,充滿江南田野之趣。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/76/50/CoUBYGBseYeAY-J6ABHo22G1Mg4178.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    劉恕曾著《石林小院記》,《晚翠峰記》,并刻石于廊壁。

    他花20年集成寒碧莊十二峰,并撰文作記。

    十二峰被巧置于各處,大畫家王學(xué)浩為之作了十二峰圖畫卷,進(jìn)士潘奕雋為之配詩十二首。

    一云峰:

位于明瑟樓旁,如云帆擋住石徑大半,有峰回路轉(zhuǎn)之妙。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/CB/40/CoNFtWG_SUhVZ0C5ABOrwOsXNLA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    干霄峰:

    立于石林小院,是十二峰中唯一的斧劈石,有豪氣干云氣勢。

https://note./img/5a/b8/dfe26199208c6f41762ae299e3ded0d1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    雞冠峰:

    立于西樓旁小石板橋邊,其雞冠肥大下垂,又似象鼻,故又稱象石。

https://note./img/c0/96/e0d7439328da24b7aed096e3071f541c.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    獼猴峰:

    立于五峰仙館旁的庭院,形如老猴。

https://note./img/ec/6a/3aab733d62942b1fa3316429fb5cc99b.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     拂袖峰:

    立于東園一角,石身伸出的一角如古人袍袖。

 https://ss2.meipian.me/users/9248065/14006aaa314c4577858deda9f9965efd.jpg?imageView2/2/w/750/h/1400/q/80 

    箬帽峰:

    立于冠云樓旁,形如佝著背,頭戴竹帽的小老頭,潘奕雋詩云:不必低頭效苦吟。

    奎宿峰:

臨池立于曲溪樓前,狀若二十八星宿中的奎星。

https://note./img/4e/99/e143f9c2f89179154cf9c68f53889fcd.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    累粟峰:

    當(dāng)窗立于“還我讀書齋”外,全身布滿黃色粟狀顆粒。

     玉女峰:

    立于綠蔭軒西側(cè),風(fēng)姿如南京莫愁女塑像。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/67/01/CoNKrmG7888WZHpXABKrXKZ933o.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

      印月峰:

    臨池立于濠濮亭前,渦孔倒影在水中有如圓月。 

https://note./img/63/fc/203281dbe9cc91f5fdbf26a0eccf6330.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    青芝峰:

    當(dāng)窗立于西樓外,狀若農(nóng)人耕田。后人整修留園時,為打造獅虎豹形象,在石頂上疊了一塊湖石。

     仙掌峰:

    立于五峰仙館北面的庭院,狀若向天張開的手掌。

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