作者：小小明

今天要畫兩張圖，分別是：

代碼邏輯較為復雜，這次只展示代碼。

導包

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
# 解決中文顯示問題
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

數(shù)據讀取

excel = pd.ExcelFile("旅游數(shù)據.xlsx")
df_2019 = pd.read_excel(excel, sheet_name=0)
df_2020 = pd.read_excel(excel, sheet_name=1)
df_2019["年份"] = 2019
df_2020["年份"] = 2020
display(df_2019.head())
df_2020['指標名稱'].replace('兵團', '新疆兵團', inplace=True)
df_2020.tail()

第一張圖

plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 14))
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.title("2019與2020年本季組織人次數(shù)前十的對比", fontsize=20)
t1 = (df_2019[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]]
      .sort_values("本季組織人次數(shù)", ascending=False)
      .head(10)
      )
t2 = (df_2020[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]]
      .sort_values("本季組織人次數(shù)", ascending=False)
      .head(10)
      )
plt.plot(range(10), t1['本季組織人次數(shù)'], linewidth=2,
         label='2019', marker='o', markersize=8)
plt.plot(range(10), t2['本季組織人次數(shù)'], linewidth=2,
         label='2020', marker='s', markersize=8)
plt.fill_between(range(10), t1['本季組織人次數(shù)'], t2['本季組織人次數(shù)'],
                 color="gray", alpha=0.2, label="area")
plt.legend(['2019', '2020'], fontsize=20)
plt.grid(b=True)
for x, (city, y) in enumerate(t1[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]].values):
    plt.text(x, y, f"{city}:\n{y/10000:.2f}萬", fontsize=15,
             horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center')
for x, (city, y) in enumerate(t2[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]].values):
    plt.text(x, y, f"{city}:\n{y/10000:.2f}萬", fontsize=15,
             horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center')
plt.xticks(range(10), [f"第{i}名" for i in range(1, 11)], fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(range(0, 6500000, 500000), [
           f"{i//10000}萬" for i in range(0, 6500000, 500000)], fontsize=15)

plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.title("2019與2020年四座城市的本季組織人次數(shù)對比", fontsize=20)
t1 = df_2019.loc[df_2019["指標名稱"].isin(["北京", "天津", "上海", "重慶"]), [
    "指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]]
t2 = df_2020.loc[df_2020["指標名稱"].isin(["北京", "天津", "上海", "重慶"]), [
    "指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]]
index = np.arange(4)
plt.bar(index, t1['本季組織人次數(shù)'], width=0.4, label='2019')
plt.bar(index+0.4, t2['本季組織人次數(shù)'], width=0.4, label='2020')
cutoff_postion = t1["本季組織人次數(shù)"].reset_index(
    drop=True).sort_values(ascending=False).index[:2]
x, y = cutoff_postion[0], t1["本季組織人次數(shù)"].iat[cutoff_postion[1]]
plt.plot(np.array([-0.2, -0.1, 0.1, 0.2])+x,
         np.array([0, 1, -1, 0])*y*0.04+y, color="white")

plt.legend(fontsize=15)
plt.grid(b=True, axis='y')
plt.xticks(index+0.2, t1['指標名稱'], fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(range(0, 4000000, 500000), [
           f"{i//10000}萬" for i in range(0, 4000000, 500000)], fontsize=15)
for x, (y1, y2) in enumerate(zip(t1["本季組織人次數(shù)"], t2["本季組織人次數(shù)"])):
    plt.text(x, y1, f"{y1/10000:.2f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)
    plt.text(x+0.4, y2, f"{y2/10000:.2f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)

plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.title("2019與2020年四座城市的本季接待人次數(shù)對比", fontsize=20)
t1 = df_2019.loc[df_2019["指標名稱"].isin(["北京", "天津", "上海", "重慶"]), [
    "指標名稱", "本季接待人次數(shù)"]]
t2 = df_2020.loc[df_2020["指標名稱"].isin(["北京", "天津", "上海", "重慶"]), [
    "指標名稱", "本季接待人次數(shù)"]]
index = np.arange(4)
plt.bar(index, t1['本季接待人次數(shù)'], width=0.4, label='2019')
plt.bar(index+0.4, t2['本季接待人次數(shù)'], width=0.4, label='2020')
cutoff_postion = t1["本季接待人次數(shù)"].reset_index(
    drop=True).sort_values(ascending=False).index[:2]
x, y = cutoff_postion[0], t1["本季接待人次數(shù)"].iat[cutoff_postion[1]]
plt.plot(np.array([-0.2, -0.1, 0.1, 0.2])+x,
         np.array([0, 1, -1, 0])*y*0.04+y, color="white")

plt.legend(fontsize=15)
plt.grid(b=True, axis='y')
plt.xticks(index+0.2, t1['指標名稱'], fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(range(0, 3000000, 500000), [
           f"{i//10000}萬" for i in range(0, 3000000, 500000)], fontsize=15)
for x, (y1, y2) in enumerate(zip(t1["本季接待人次數(shù)"], t2["本季接待人次數(shù)"])):
    plt.text(x, y1, f"{y1/10000:.2f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)
    plt.text(x+0.4, y2, f"{y2/10000:.2f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.1, hspace=0.15)
plt.show()

第二張圖

plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 20))
plt.subplot(3, 2, 1)
df_tmp = pd.concat([df_2019, df_2020]).groupby("年份").sum().drop(columns="代碼").T
plt.title("四項指標總和年度對比", fontsize=15)
index = np.arange(4)
plt.bar(index, df_tmp[2019], width=0.4, label='2019')
plt.bar(index+0.4, df_tmp[2020], width=0.4, label='2020')
plt.plot(index+0.4, df_tmp[2020], linewidth=2, color='orange')
plt.legend(title="年份")
plt.grid(b=True)
for x, (y1, y2) in enumerate(df_tmp.values):
    plt.text(x, y1, f"{y1/1e4:.1f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center')
    plt.text(x+0.4, y2, f"{y2/1e4:.1f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center')
plt.xticks(index+0.2, df_tmp.index)
plt.yticks(np.arange(0, 1.4e8, 1e7), [
           f"{i//1e4:.0f}萬" for i in np.arange(0, 1.4e8, 1e7)], fontsize=15)

plt.subplot(3, 2, 2)
plt.title("中部地帶本季組織人次數(shù)年度對比", fontsize=15)
df_tmp = pd.concat([df_2019[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱"),
                    df_2020[["指標名稱", "本季組織人次數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱")], axis=1)
df_tmp.columns = [2019, 2020]
df_tmp = df_tmp.loc[["黑龍江", "吉林", "山西", "內蒙古", "安徽", "河南", "湖北", "湖南", "江西"]]
plt.barh(df_tmp.index, df_tmp[2019], label='2019')
plt.barh(df_tmp.index, -df_tmp[2020], label='2020')
plt.legend(title="年份", loc='lower right')
plt.grid(b=True)
plt.xticks(np.arange(-1e6, 2.7e6, 4e5), [
           f"{abs(i)//1e4:.0f}萬" for i in np.arange(-1e6, 2.7e6, 4e5)], fontsize=15)
for y, (x1, x2) in enumerate(df_tmp.values):
    plt.text(x1, y, f"{x1/1e4:.1f}萬", verticalalignment='center',
             horizontalalignment='left')
    plt.text(-x2, y, f"{x2/1e4:.1f}萬", verticalalignment='center',
             horizontalalignment='right')
plt.xlim([-1.1e6, 2.7e6])

plt.subplot(3, 2, 3)
df_tmp = pd.concat([df_2019[["指標名稱", "本季接待人次數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱"),
                    df_2020[["指標名稱", "本季接待人次數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱")], axis=1)
df_tmp.columns = [2019, 2020]
df_tmp.columns.name = "年份"
df_tmp = df_tmp.loc[["遼寧", "河北", "天津", "北京", "山東",
                     "江蘇", "上海", "浙江", "福建", "廣東", "廣西", "海南"]]
s = df_tmp[2019]/10000
radius_s = ((s-s.min())/(s.max()-s.min())+0.8).values
wedges, texts1, texts2 = plt.pie(
    s,  # 數(shù)據
    explode=[0.1]*df_tmp.shape[0],  # 指定每部分的偏移量
    labels=df_tmp.index,  # 標簽
    autopct="%.2f萬",  # 餅圖上的數(shù)據標簽顯示方式
    pctdistance=0.6,  # 每個餅切片的中心和通過autopct生成的文本開始之間的比例
    labeldistance=1,  # 被畫餅標記的直徑,默認值：1.1
    shadow=True,  # 陰影
    startangle=0,  # 開始角度
    radius=1.8,  # 半徑
    frame=False,  # 圖框
    counterclock=True,  # 指定指針方向，順時針或者逆時針
)
for i, wedge in enumerate(wedges):
    wedge.set_radius(radius_s[i])
for i, text in enumerate(texts1):
    text.set_position(
        tuple(map(lambda x: x*radius_s[i]/1.7, text.get_position())))
for i, text in enumerate(texts2):
    if radius_s[i] < 0.9:
        text.set_text("")
        continue
    text.set_position(
        tuple(map(lambda x: x*radius_s[i]/2, text.get_position())))

plt.subplot(3, 2, 4)
# plt.title("2020年東部沿海地帶本季接待人次數(shù)", fontsize=15)
s = df_tmp[2020]/10000
radius_s = ((s-s.min())/(s.max()-s.min())+0.8).values
wedges, texts1, texts2 = plt.pie(
    s,  # 數(shù)據
    explode=[0.1]*df_tmp.shape[0],  # 指定每部分的偏移量
    labels=df_tmp.index,  # 標簽
    autopct="%.2f萬",  # 餅圖上的數(shù)據標簽顯示方式
    pctdistance=0.6,  # 每個餅切片的中心和通過autopct生成的文本開始之間的比例
    labeldistance=1,  # 被畫餅標記的直徑,默認值：1.1
    shadow=True,  # 陰影
    startangle=0,  # 開始角度
    radius=1.8,  # 半徑
    frame=False,  # 圖框
    counterclock=True,  # 指定指針方向，順時針或者逆時針
)
for i, wedge in enumerate(wedges):
    wedge.set_radius(radius_s[i])
for i, text in enumerate(texts1):
    if radius_s[i] < 0.83:
        text.set_text("")
        continue
    text.set_position(
        tuple(map(lambda x: x*radius_s[i]/1.7, text.get_position())))
for i, text in enumerate(texts2):
    if radius_s[i] < 0.87:
        text.set_text("")
        continue
    text.set_position(
        tuple(map(lambda x: x*radius_s[i]/2, text.get_position())))


plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.title("西部地帶本季接待人天數(shù)氣泡圖", fontsize=15)
df_tmp = pd.concat([df_2019[["指標名稱", "本季接待人天數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱"),
                    df_2020[["指標名稱", "本季接待人天數(shù)"]].set_index("指標名稱")], axis=1)
df_tmp.columns = [2019, 2020]
df_tmp.columns.name = "年份"
df_tmp = df_tmp.loc[["陜西", "甘肅", "寧夏", "青海",
                     "新疆", "重慶", "四川", "云南", "貴州", "西藏"]]
index = range(df_tmp.shape[0])
plt.scatter(
    index,
    [2]*df_tmp.shape[0],  # 按照經緯度顯示
    s=df_tmp[2019] / 1000,  # 按照單價顯示大小
    c=range(df_tmp.shape[0]),  # 按照總價顯示顏色
    alpha=0.6,
    cmap="jet",
)
plt.scatter(
    index,
    [1]*df_tmp.shape[0],  # 按照經緯度顯示
    s=df_tmp[2020] / 1000,  # 按照單價顯示大小
    c=range(df_tmp.shape[0]),  # 按照總價顯示顏色
    alpha=0.6,
    cmap="jet",
)
for i, (v1, v2) in enumerate(df_tmp.values):
    plt.text(i, 2, f"{v1/10000:.0f}萬", verticalalignment='center',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)
    plt.text(i, 1, f"{v2/10000:.0f}萬", verticalalignment='bottom',
             horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=15)
plt.xticks(index, df_tmp.index)
plt.yticks([1, 2], [2020, 2019])
plt.ylim([0.5, 2.5])

plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.1, hspace=0.4)
plt.show()