英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的音變現(xiàn)象是指再說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中出于“省力” 的原因，在讀英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候唇舌處于放松的狀態(tài)，可以讓我們更輕松地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。音變現(xiàn)象包括：連讀，弱讀，縮讀，濁化，異化。這五大音變現(xiàn)象最具有代表性，尤其是連讀，它涵蓋的音變現(xiàn)象如：失去爆破，不完全爆破，略讀，同化等等

我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，如果不注重英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的音變現(xiàn)象，那么在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力中，就不易察覺(jué)其中的音變現(xiàn)象，這樣對(duì)理解聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定影響；同時(shí)，我們平時(shí)在講英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，如果不會(huì)熟練地運(yùn)用音變規(guī)則，那么我們發(fā)出的因很容易陷入發(fā)音很不地道，甚至不容易被人聽(tīng)懂的境地。
有什么問(wèn)題可以在評(píng)論區(qū)留言噢噢~可以相互交流學(xué)習(xí)
自己也可以嘗試這拿四六級(jí)雅思聽(tīng)力真題練習(xí)，效果挺明顯的~

0、預(yù)備知識(shí)

英語(yǔ)連讀，是美語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音一項(xiàng)重要技能。因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是一種流線(xiàn)型語(yǔ)言，在單詞和單詞之間，總會(huì)存在一種似有非有的聯(lián)結(jié)，或容易辨別，或不容易區(qū)分，但是它就存在那里，讓一句話(huà)聽(tīng)起來(lái)像讀一個(gè)單詞一樣，這就是連讀。連讀有助于體現(xiàn)句子的整體性，使整句話(huà)聽(tīng)起來(lái)更加自然流暢，而中國(guó)學(xué)生之所以說(shuō)的斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，就本上就是因?yàn)闆](méi)有掌握連讀?？梢源_定的說(shuō)，聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)不好，跟連讀沒(méi)學(xué)好，有必然的聯(lián)系。

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/4625cdac3968011ca30091b6.html

1、 連讀現(xiàn)象

1) 輔音+元音的連讀模式

Come on in. Put it on. Take it away.
Pick it up. Hands up.
What time is it? Like it.
Not at all. Your eyes.
常見(jiàn)的大致包括以下8種：
[s]+元音
It’s a deal.
Tom has lots of money.
Let’s eat something.
[z]+元音
She’s our teacher.
She smiles to him as if she likes him.
Life goes on as it never ends.生活繼續(xù)，似乎永無(wú)止境。
[m]+元音
What time is it?
My name is Ann.
Sam is Allen’s boyfriend.
[n]+元音
You can ask any questions.
It takes us an hour to get there.
Return it back to me as soon as possible.
[r]+元音
Your eyes are beautiful.
There is a pair of shoes on the table.
Your every goal will be reached.
[l]+元音
You should tell her that you like her.
Tell us your story.
Can I get a bottle of beer?
[p]+元音
Keep it a secret.
Do you like a cup of tea or coffee?
Keep up the good work.
[t]+元音
They always get up early.
Take a look at it.
Put on your hat please.

2) 元音+元音的連讀模式

這點(diǎn)是很多同學(xué)容易忽視的，此時(shí)元音之間要輕松的滑動(dòng)過(guò)去，形成連讀，可以分為兩類(lèi)：
前面一個(gè)單詞的詞尾元音是：[i] [e] [a?] [??]，那么與后面單詞詞首元音相連時(shí)，就要加入半元音 [j] ;
Hurry up
Be on time
Stay up
Don’t worry about it.
Thank you for coming to see me off.
前面一個(gè)單詞的詞尾元音是：[u] [o] [ɑ?]，那么與后面單詞詞首元音相連時(shí)，就要加入半元音 [w]
Flow out
Grow up
Go on
Just do it
How about going out for dinner tonight?
When you grw up, you can stay up late.
She works day and night.
Mark is the only son of the old couple.
【注】：元音在連讀的時(shí)候，不要太過(guò)生硬。不能為了連讀而連讀，由慢到快，讀熟了之后，滑動(dòng)半元音就會(huì)越來(lái)越自然。

3）同類(lèi)音連讀模式相同(輔音對(duì)輔音的疊合)

即前面單詞輔音結(jié)尾與緊隨其后的起始音為同一個(gè)音時(shí)，只需讀一次，而不必將這個(gè)音讀兩次，這種情形常發(fā)生在[p] [t] [k] [d] [g]
Good day
Black coffee 濃咖啡
Ripe pear 熟的梨
Tame monkey 馴服的猴子
Book case 書(shū)柜
Take care 當(dāng)心
Yes, sir
Big girl
Some money.
Like cat
Your rose.
Good doctor

4）失去爆破連讀模式

失去爆破連讀模式，一般是針對(duì) [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [ɡ] 這六大爆破音的，也就是說(shuō)，只要這六大爆破音后面緊接著另外一個(gè)爆破音，摩擦音，破擦音，鼻腔音或舌邊音時(shí)，前面的一個(gè)爆破音就會(huì)失去爆破。值得注意的是，失去爆破不等于完全不讀！前面的爆破音雖然不再爆破，但仍然存在，我們要做好發(fā)音的嘴型和舌位，稍微阻礙一下，再發(fā)下一個(gè)輔音。失去爆破，有時(shí)候也叫做不完全爆破。
爆破音+爆破音
No big deal.
A big cake.
Have a good time
What do you mean?
Laptop Blackboard.
爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音
A big challenge.
A big tree
A mad driver
Sweet dream.
I think so.
I need some money
爆破音+鼻輔音
Pop music. Get some water
Good night. Good morning
Let me help. youImportant
注：鼻腔爆破主要是針對(duì)于[t]和[d]的音變。
爆破輔音+舌邊音俗稱(chēng)“舌邊爆破”，主要是涉及字母”t”的發(fā)音。
Lately. Badly （badly damaged）
At least. At last. At lunch
Proudly. Loudly
Say it out loud大聲說(shuō)出來(lái)；

5) 同化連讀模式

所謂同化，就是兩個(gè)不同的發(fā)音連在一起，最后相互影響，變成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的發(fā)音。
1．[t] + [j] = [?]
Can I get you a drink?
Is that your answer?
Don’t hurt yourself.
I’ll come next year.
2．[d] + [j] = [?]
Could you tell me where the restroom is?
Did your father come?
You didn’t like me, did you?你原來(lái)并不喜歡我的，對(duì)吧？
We followed your instructions.
3．[s] + [j] = [?]
God bless you.
I’d like to come this year.
I’ll try to guess your age.[geshierage]
4．[z] + [j] = [?]
Close your eyes.
As you wish.隨便；
As usual和往常一樣；
When’s your birthday?
How’s your family?

2、 弱讀現(xiàn)象

眾所周知，美語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)猶如“波峰波谷”，“綿延起伏”，要到達(dá)“波峰”，就自然要下到“波谷”。這些所謂的“波谷”，其實(shí)就是由各種各樣的弱讀元音組成的。而我們平時(shí)交流過(guò)程中，也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，不可能每個(gè)單詞的語(yǔ)調(diào)都輕重不分的，也不可能每個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音時(shí)間也平均分配。在一句話(huà)當(dāng)中，必然有些單詞較為關(guān)鍵，有些單詞一帶而過(guò)。這樣就形成了重讀和弱讀現(xiàn)象。

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，實(shí)詞要重讀，虛詞要弱讀。實(shí)詞一般是代表句子意思主體的詞，包括：名詞，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，形容詞副詞，，數(shù)詞，感嘆詞和代詞；而虛詞主要是那些完善語(yǔ)法的詞，包括：介詞，冠詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)候，代詞也常常被弱讀

1) 介詞的弱讀

To—用t或者t?代替to [tu]
①　I don’t know how to say it.
②　Get to page 8
③　Show me how to get them
④　You have to know when to do it
⑤　Who’s to blame?
At—用[?t]代替[?t]
①　We are at home.
②　I’ll see you at lunch.
③　He’s at the post office.
④　I’m at school.
⑤　He’s at a meeting.
⑥　One at a time.
⑦　I was at a friend’s house.
For—用[fr]代替[f?r]
①　Keep it for a 'few day.
②　Do it for 'you.
③　It’s for my 'friend.
④　A table for 'two please.
⑤　For example, for instance.
From—用[fr?m]代替[fr?m]
①　I’m from China
②　I received a letter from Ben.
③　Where is it from?
④　Where are you from?
In—用[n]或[?n]代替[In]
①　Who’s in it?
②　It’s in the house.
③　She’s in Africa.
④　I’ll be back in a while.
Of—用[?f] 代替 [?f]
①　Get out of here.
②　I dislike all of them.
③　What’s the name of that music?
④　As a matter of fact,he can’t speak English very well.
⑤　Practice all of the time

2) 其他常見(jiàn)單詞的弱讀：

An: 用[?n]代替[?n]
①　She’s an American.
②　Do you want an apple?
③　I got an A in English.
④　He had an accident.
And：用[n]或[?n]代替[?nd]
①　I want some cream and sugar.
②　What? Lemon and sugar.
③　What about some hams and eggs?
④　He learned it over and over again.
⑤　You can go back and forth.
Him&Her: [him]-[?m] & [h?]-[?]
①　I like her so much.
②　I really want to see her.
③　I taught him a lesson.
④　You’d better tell him the truth.
⑤　It’s him who likes you more.
Them: [e?m]-[e?m]
①　I don’t like them at all.
②　Tell them to be on time
③　I want all of them.
④　Get them out of here.

總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，[?]是美音當(dāng)中一個(gè)非常重要的發(fā)音，可以說(shuō)是體現(xiàn)美音特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)重要的發(fā)音。很多元音弱讀都變成了[?]。比如：[?] [?] [?][?]。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)了弱讀，知道美語(yǔ)當(dāng)中很多發(fā)音會(huì)被弱讀。其實(shí)在美語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，有些發(fā)音不僅會(huì)被弱讀，甚至直接會(huì)省略某些發(fā)音，使得整句話(huà)說(shuō)起來(lái)更加自然流暢，這就是縮讀。縮讀是美語(yǔ)當(dāng)中非常常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象，非常的口語(yǔ)化，但在正式嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合下，一般不用。但是不管怎樣，縮讀仍然是英美人士習(xí)慣的交流方式。有必要掌握它，讓自己的口語(yǔ)更加Conversational和Functional。

3. 縮讀

1) 常見(jiàn)單詞縮讀

Are→ r

1. How are you doing?
2. The iPhone6 are amazing.
3. Where are you going?
4. My parents are not here.

And→ n

1. I want some cream and sugar.
2. He learned it over and over again.
3. Rock and roll
4. Up and down

You→ ya

1. What you are doing here?
2. You’re American, aren’t you?

Sure→ Sher
) It’s a sure thing.
2) Are you sure?

Some → [s?m]

1. Do you want some food?
2. There are still some apples?
3. I like some of them.

Because→ 'Cause[bik?z]

1. I like Hangzhou city because it’s dynamic.
2. I helped her because she is my best friend.
3. I like English because it’s an international language.

2) 關(guān)于介詞”to”的縮讀

Want to→ wanna
I want to go to America.
I want to get some water.
Going to→ gonna
I’m going to go to America.
He’s going to study abroad.
Nothing’s going to change my love for you.
Got to → gotta
I gotta go now.
I gotta see a doctor right now.
I gotta go for lunch.
Have to→ H?ft?
I have to work harder.
She has to cook everyday.

3)關(guān)于介詞”of”的縮讀

Out of→ outta
Get out of here.
Get outta here.
Make love out of nothing at all
I’m all out of love
In front of → in’fr?nn?
The store is in front of the station.
A cup of→ a’c?p?
Can I get a cup of tea?
A cup of coffee.

4) 關(guān)于代詞”me”的縮讀

Leave me→ lee’me
Leave me alone!
Let me→ lem’me
Let me try it on.
Give me→ gimme
Give me that book.

5)關(guān)于”have”的縮讀

Could have→ could’a
Tom could have finished homework.
Should have → should’a
You should have done it.
Must have → must’a
He must have finished homework.
Would have→ would’a
They would have come to the meeting if he had known about it.

6)關(guān)于疑問(wèn)詞“what”的縮讀

What are you → wachya [wɑ??]
What are you doing right now?
What did you → wudiya [wɑdi??]
What did you find yesterday?[wɑ?? find today?]
What did you say?[wɑ?? say]
What does → what’s [wɑts]
What’s she do for a living?

7)幾個(gè)特殊的縮讀

Don’t know→ dunno
I don’t know what you are doing now.
Goodbye→ g’bye
Kiss you goodbye.See you tomorrow,g’bye.
Goodnight → g’night
He says g’night to her every day.

4.美語(yǔ)中的“T”濁化

美語(yǔ)當(dāng)中的”T”音，非常的靈活?？梢哉f(shuō)，正是有了”T”濁化這個(gè)音，大大的促進(jìn)了英語(yǔ)的流暢度，和放松度。比如：Betty bought a bit of better butter。大家對(duì)比就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果每一個(gè)t都發(fā)[t]，語(yǔ)速會(huì)慢，而且不自然。但若加上連讀和”t”濁化，就會(huì)自然流暢很多。
受語(yǔ)調(diào)和字母”t”在單詞的位置的影響，”t”的發(fā)音也非常多樣，可以發(fā)[d]，可以發(fā)[t]，也可以直接不發(fā)音。具體情況，我們來(lái)一個(gè)個(gè)分析學(xué)習(xí)。

1) T在詞首或重讀音節(jié)，發(fā)[t]音

Test.Tired.TomatoesI’talian.
A’ttack.Pho’tographer

1. Ted takes ten tickets;
2. It Took Tim Ten Times to finish the Task.

2）T在兩個(gè)元音之間且非重讀，發(fā)[d]音

BetterLetterButterCity WaterBitterWriter

1. Betty bought a bit of better butter.

3）T前面是一個(gè)元音，后面是模糊的[l]，且非重讀，發(fā)[d]音

Metal.Little.Bottle.Settle

1. Keep looking, and don’t settle.
2. A bottle of water.
3. A little bit tired.

4）T前面是元音后面是前鼻音[n]，會(huì)發(fā)生鼻腔爆破。如果是d也一樣。

Written.Forgotten.Certain.Curtain.Button
Sentence.bitten.Mountain.Important.witness
Pardon.Sudden.Burden.Golden.Didn’t

1. The book is written by Bill Clinton.
2. The cotton curtain is not in the garden.
3. Students study Latin in Britain.
4. It’s not certain that Martin has gotten a chance.

5）T前面是清輔音或[n]，后面是一個(gè)元音且非重讀，t發(fā)成近似[d]或不發(fā)音。

發(fā)成近似[d]：Faster.Sister.Fifty.after.yesterday.chapter
不發(fā)音：Interview.Internet .International. InteractiveTwenty–twenny or twendy Winter–winner or winder
句子練習(xí)

1. He had a perfect interview.
2. I am at the international center./Innernational senner/
3. Turn the printer on

6）T在單詞詞尾，且前面又有元音或者”r”字母，此時(shí)”t”不發(fā)音。

Heart .Handcart. Cat. Hat. What.
Get.Take it.Credit Card.Visit it.
Correct.Left.Last.Belt.Melt.Slept.

總而言之，以上六條規(guī)律，都只是針對(duì)單詞的個(gè)體的規(guī)律，但是如果處于句子當(dāng)中，字母t可能就會(huì)發(fā)生連讀，爆破、濁化等現(xiàn)象。

5.異化

由于摩擦音[s]是往外送氣音，如果后面緊接的也是一個(gè)摩擦或破擦音，氣流向外。那么這樣的發(fā)音會(huì)非常不自然，不符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的自然規(guī)律。因此，[s]后面的發(fā)音，就會(huì)發(fā)生異化。[p]會(huì)異化[b]，[k]會(huì)異化[g]，[t]會(huì)異化[d]，[tr]會(huì)異化[dr]等。

S+p

Spend.Spider.Spoon.Speak
How do you spend your holiday?

S+k

Sky.Scared.Skill.Screen
I’m so scared.

S+t

Stay.Steak.Stare.Start
How would you like your steak?

S+tr

Astronaut.String.Strange.Australia.
學(xué)完這些，再去聽(tīng)之前的音變訓(xùn)練文章，so easy。甚至，你可以把它做成課件去教別人了。