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作為非英語母語者，大家在寫作英文論文的時(shí)候，會經(jīng)常遇到一些遣詞造句的問題。我們?yōu)榇蠹覛w納總結(jié)了使用在學(xué)術(shù)論文不同位置、不同用途的短語、句型的用法和示例，可以有效幫助大家寫作英文論文。 英文論文寫作基本分6個(gè)部分，分別為： Introducing work（介紹） Referring to Sources（引證） Describing Method（方法描述） Reporting Results（結(jié)果匯報(bào)） Discussing Findings（結(jié)果討論） Writing Conclusion（結(jié)論） 接下來，對應(yīng)論文寫作的6個(gè)部分，我們將給大家介紹每個(gè)部分的作用以及常用的寫作句式，并且提供例句以供參考。 Introducing work 首先給大家介紹Introducing work部分： 學(xué)術(shù)論文或短文的導(dǎo)語有很多方法。然而，大多數(shù)學(xué)者在他們的導(dǎo)言中似乎都會做以下一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)。 研究背景，背景和/或主題的重要性。 提出問題 界定主題和/或論文中使用的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語。 闡明論文的目的。 概述寫作的范圍和/或結(jié)構(gòu)； 稍微不那么復(fù)雜的導(dǎo)言可能只是告訴讀者：主題是什么，為什么重要，以及如何組織寫作。在很短的文章中，作者通常會在開頭簡單地說明寫作目的。研究性論文和學(xué)位論文的導(dǎo)語與文章的其他部分相比，往往相對較短，但其功能要素卻相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。一些比較常見的要素包括： 確立背景、背景和/或主題的重要性。 簡要回顧相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn) 找出研究領(lǐng)域的問題、爭議或知識空白 說明研究的目的和研究的問題或假設(shè) 提供研究設(shè)計(jì)和方法的概要 解釋研究的意義或價(jià)值 界定某些關(guān)鍵術(shù)語 提供論文或報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu)的概述 研究文章導(dǎo)語中的常見模式之一是John Swales（1990）首次描述的CARS模式（創(chuàng)建研究空間）。這種模式利用了一個(gè)生態(tài)學(xué)的隱喻，最簡單的形式有三個(gè)要素或動作。 確立領(lǐng)域（確立課題的重要性，回顧以前的工作） 查明利基niche (表明知識差距) 占據(jù)有利位置（列出新研究的目的，列出問題，說明工作的價(jià)值，說明寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)） 例句示范Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society X has a pivotal role in … X is fast becoming a key instrument in … X is essential for a wide range of technologies. X can play an important role in addressing the issue of … Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and … Xs are one of the most widely used groups of Y and have been extensively used for …. Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline A key aspect of X is … X is of interest because … X is a fundamental property of … The concepts of X and Y are central to … X has been instrumental in our understanding of … X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given) Recently, there has been renewed interest in … Recent developments in X have heightened the need for … X proved an important literary genre in the early Y community. The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many … Since it was reported in 2005, X has been attracting a lot of interest. In light of recent events in X, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of … Establishing the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed X is a major problem in … The main disadvantage of X is that … X is one of the most frequently stated problems with … Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged … Referring to previous work to establish what is already known Extensive research has shown that … Previous research has established that … Several theories on the origin of X have been proposed. Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies. A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y… A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies … Identifying a controversy within the field of study A much debated question is whether … One major issue in early X research concerned … Questions have been raised about the use of animal subjects in … Scholars have long debated the impact of X on the creation and diffusion of … The issue of X has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of … In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion. Explaining the inadequacies of previous studies Previous studies of X have not dealt with … The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y. Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about … Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas. Identifying the paucity or lack of previous research No previous study has investigated X. There has been no detailed investigation of … A search of the literature revealed few studies which … The impact of X on Y is understudied, particularly for … To date, there are few studies that have investigated the association between … Althoughsome research has been carried out on X,no single study exists which … Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study The response of X to Y is not fully understood. Causal factors leading to X remain speculative. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of X that exist among … It is now well established that … However, the influence of X on Y has remained unclear. the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive … there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in … Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper This paper attempts to show that … The central thesis of this paper is that … In the pages that follow, it will be argued that … In this essay, I attempt to defend the view that … The aim of this essay is to explore the relationship between … The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the … Stating the purpose of the current research This study set out to investigate the usefulness of … This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of … This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of … Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to … This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether … The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between X and Y. Describing the research design and the methods used Data for this study were collected using … This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate … The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of … The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via … The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on … A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis. Explaining the significance of the current study The study offers some important insights into … Understanding the link between X and Y will help … Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of … Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating … There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to … The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how … Describing the limitations of the current study The thesis does not engage with … Establishing X is beyond the scope of this study. It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the … A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of… Giving reasons for personal interest in the research My interest in this area developed while I was … My main reason for choosing this topic is personal interest. It is my experience of working with X that has driven this research. This project was conceived during my time working for X. As a medical advisor, I witnessed … The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including … Explaining key terms used in the current work Throughout this paper, the term 'X’ will refer to … The term 'X’ will be used in this thesis to refer to … According to Smith (2002), X can be defined as follows: ' … ’ In this dissertation, the terms 'X’ and 'Y’ are used interchangeably to mean … While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this paper will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as … |
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