初中英語三大從句，即賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句，占據(jù)了中考英語不少分值。
今天，我們將這三種從句整理在一起，重點(diǎn)和大家說說它們的特點(diǎn)和使用方法，同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)看哦！
文章很長，記得保存鏈接，以便及時復(fù)習(xí)！
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。
一、連接詞
1、that:I think that you can pass the exam.我認(rèn)為你可以通過考試。
2、whether/if: I don’t know whether/if he is coming or not.我不知道他是否來了。
3、“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.我不知道這個詞什么意思。
I don’t know where he found the book.我不知道他哪里找到這本書的。
| 只能用whether的情況 |
| 1 | 與or not連用 | I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.
我不知道是否會下雨。 |
| 2 | 與動詞不定式連用 | He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.
他不知道是否要將誒受邀請。 |
| 3 | 連接詞前有介詞 | It depends on whether he is coming.
這取決于他是否過來。 |
二、時態(tài)
1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時態(tài)均可)。
eg:She wants to know what he has done for the exam.她想知道，他為考試做了什么。
2、主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。
eg:She said that she was a student.她說她以前是學(xué)生。
She said that she had finished her homework already.她說她已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。
3、如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
eg:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。
一、先行詞
先行詞指人：who /that
先行詞指物：which/ that
定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后
二、關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞。
三、翻譯方法 “…. 的”
1、Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語（包括介詞的賓語）, 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom。
eg:This is the teacher whom\who we like best.這位就是我們最喜歡的老師。
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.我不喜歡和你說話的男生。
2、Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 “…的”
eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.Harry的媽媽是我們的數(shù)學(xué)老師。
| 關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況 |
| 1 | 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時 | This is the first gift that my parents bought me.
這是我父母給我買的第一份禮物。 |
| 2 | 先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時 | This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
這是我看過最激動人心的電影。 |
| 3 | 先行詞是不定代詞 | Is there anything that you want in this shop?
這家店里有你想要的東西嗎？ |
| 4 | 先行詞是人和物時 | He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
他和我們說了一些我們不知道的作家和書籍。 |
| 5 | 先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時 | This is the last place that I want to visit.
這是我最后一個想?yún)⒂^的景點(diǎn)。 |
| 6 | 特殊疑問句以who 或which 開頭 | Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?
在講臺發(fā)表演講的女孩是誰？ |
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：
| 1 | 物+介詞+which | This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
這是我們?nèi)ケ本┑幕疖嚒?/span> |
| 2 | 人+ 介詞 + whom | This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
這就是和我媽媽交談的那位老師。 |
關(guān)系副詞的用法：
| 1 | when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語 | This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達(dá)的時間。 |
| 2 | where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語 | This is the place where he works.
這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 |
| 3 | why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，why在定語從句中做原因狀語 | Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 |
在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子，共分為8種。
1、時間狀語從句
| 1 | when當(dāng)…時候
通常指某一特定的時間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生 | When I opened the window, I saw him come up. 當(dāng)我打開窗戶時，發(fā)現(xiàn)他走到眼前了。 |
| 2 | when正在…的時候，突然…
通常主句是進(jìn)行時或be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然 | I was walking along the street , when I met him. 我遇到他時，正走在路上。 |
| 3 | when當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿 | Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. 我吃早飯的時候突然有人敲門。 |
| 4 | when=after | When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子們上床休息后，她開始準(zhǔn)備自己的課程。 |
| 5 | while在…期間，往往指一段時間 | While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice. 我們在美國的時候，看到過他兩次。 |
| 6 | while表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等 | We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. 我們在打掃教室衛(wèi)生的時候，他們在外面踢足球。 |
| 7 | as一邊…一邊 | She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. 她一邊聽音樂，一邊寫作業(yè)。 |
| 8 | as 當(dāng)…時
指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生 | As I was going out, it began to rain. 當(dāng)我出門的時候，開始下雨了。 |
| 9 | the moment 就…
=as soon as , immediately | I gave her the moment I saw her. 我一見到她就還給她。 |
| 10 | not…until直到…才 | He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work. 直到警察結(jié)束工作，他才離開。 |
| 11 | before，在…之前 | The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.乘客應(yīng)該在航班起飛前1小時到達(dá)機(jī)場。 |
| 12 | after，在…之前 | The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. 顧客和售票員吵了一架后離開了售票處 |
| 13 | since，自從…通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時 | I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. 自從我大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我再也沒去過那里。 |
| 14 | as soon as一…就… | Jack went to school as soon as he got well. 杰克身體一好轉(zhuǎn)就去了學(xué)校。 |
| 15 | no sooner than一…就…
用于句首要求倒裝 | No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就走了。 |
| 16 | once一但…就… | Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一見到他，就永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他。 |
2、條件狀語從句
| 1 | if，如果 | If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. 如果你不快點(diǎn)，就要錯過航班了。 |
| 2 | unless…如果不, 除非=if not | We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.
除非我們定了最早的航班，否則我們不可能及時到達(dá)。 |
| 3 | as long as…只要 | We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
只要我們繼續(xù)努力，就會成功。 |
| 4 | as (so) far as…據(jù)…所知 | As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
據(jù)我所知，他英語說的非常好。 |
| 5 | in case…假使, 如果 | The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
如果下雨，飛機(jī)就無法起飛。 |
| 6 | provided that 如果
有時省略 that | The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.
如果飛機(jī)保養(yǎng)得好，它的狀況也會很好。 |
| 7 | on condition that條件是… | He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
他說如果沒有人要求他發(fā)言，就會來參加會議。 |
注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
3、地點(diǎn)狀語從句
| 1 | where 在…地方 | Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 |
| 2 | wherever無論哪里 | Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you. 無論你在哪，我都將等著你。 |
4、原因狀語從句
| 1 | because因?yàn)?br>通常從句放主句后 | Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.
史密斯先生很沮喪，因?yàn)樗也坏阶约旱男欣盍恕?/span> |
| 2 | as因?yàn)?br>通常放在句首 | As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
由于他誠實(shí)謙虛，所有的朋友都喜歡他。 |
| 3 | since…，既然，語氣較弱，常翻譯為既然 | Since everybody has come, we can set off.
既然大家都來了，我們就可以出發(fā)了。 |
| 4 | now that … 既然 | Now that you are here, you can join us.
既然你來這里，你也加入我們吧。 |
| 5 | considering that … 顧及到 | Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
顧及到他們是初學(xué)者，他們已經(jīng)做的非常不錯了。 |
| 6 | seeing that … 由于 | Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于很多人缺席，我們決定取消回會議。 |
5、結(jié)果狀語從句
| 1 | such…that=so…that…太…以至于
so 后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略so只用that | Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb. 波音747太大了，以至于人們都叫它噴氣式炸彈。 |
| 2 | so that … 因而，以便，為了
有時so 可以省去 | Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you. 聲音大點(diǎn)，讓后面的人都能聽到。 |
6、目的狀語從句
| 1 | (so) that … 以便
從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞 | Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
我們坐前排吧，這樣看的清楚點(diǎn)。 |
| 2 | in order that … 為了
與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞 | School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
學(xué)校早早停課，以便孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前回家。 |
| 3 | for fear that … 生怕; 為了防止(某事發(fā)生) | He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他記下了這個名字防止忘記。 |
| 4 | in case … 萬一 | You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
你應(yīng)該帶本詞典，以防萬一。 |
| 5 | lest … 以防萬一 | The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.
這個人決定告訴他的老板實(shí)情，防止他生氣。 |
7、讓步狀語從句
| 1 | although, though …雖然
可以互換，但although常放句首，though可以用于倒裝 | Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. 盡管下著雨，飛機(jī)還是起飛了。 Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed. 盡管他盡力最大努力，還是沒有成功。 |
| 2 | as … 盡管
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝 | Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
盡管他很忙，但從不錯過一場足球賽。 |
| 3 | even if /even though …即使 | Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.
即使你不喜歡你的老板，你也要做好自己的工作。 |
| 4 | however … 不論
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝 | He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.
無論他開的多快，他也沒辦法按時到達(dá)那里。 |
| 5 | no matter…無論… | He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.
無論我怎么求他，他都不會原諒我。 |
| 6 | whatever … 不管 | Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.
不管別人怎么說，她是不會改變主意的。 |
| 7 | while …盡管 | While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
盡管我很同情你，我也幫不了你。 |
| 8 | whether …不管
常與or not 連用 | Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
不管他好不好，公司決定派他出國。 |
8、方式狀語從句
| 1 | as …與… 一樣 | Do in Rome as the Romans do.
入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 |
| 2 | as if, as though … 仿佛
由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語氣 | She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
她站在門口好像在等人。 |
