對(duì)于非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)的中國(guó)科研工作者而言，完成研究項(xiàng)目以后的另一大難題就是：論文寫(xiě)作。

不準(zhǔn)確的措辭、冗長(zhǎng)單調(diào)的句子使得文章黯然失色，精彩的研究亮點(diǎn)也被埋沒(méi)于平淡無(wú)奇的文字當(dāng)中。除了請(qǐng)專業(yè)人士潤(rùn)色外，還可以將詞句表達(dá)替換成更地道、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶?xiě)法。

今天，筆者就把不同寫(xiě)作場(chǎng)景的常用句型分享給大家。

寫(xiě)在前面：

首先，要明確科研論文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言要凝練且直白，論述過(guò)程要短而快，直奔主題。科技文寫(xiě)作應(yīng)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句表明豐富的內(nèi)容與深刻的內(nèi)涵，不要長(zhǎng)篇大論地湊字?jǐn)?shù)，而是短小精悍。

有些朋友喜歡追求寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)閱讀一般的「長(zhǎng)難句」，這是一個(gè)誤區(qū)，要知道精彩的句子并不意味著長(zhǎng)而拗口，對(duì)于科技文而言「微言大義」才是關(guān)鍵。

那么，下面這兩種寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格，哪個(gè)更適合科技文寫(xiě)作就一目了然了吧？

a. Yesterday, my mother bought an apple, which is red, for me.

b. My mother bought me a red apple yesterday.

本文索引：

1. 引入研究對(duì)象——切中要害，漸入佳境

2. 描述其他研究不足——舌戰(zhàn)群儒，唯吾獨(dú)尊

3. 闡述研究目的——有的放矢，長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪

4. 涵蓋范圍與組織架構(gòu)——張本繼末，達(dá)地知根

5. 文獻(xiàn)綜述——博采眾長(zhǎng)，兼聽(tīng)則明

6. 描述樣本信息——追本溯源，真憑實(shí)據(jù)

7. 數(shù)據(jù)分析——鞭辟入里，分毫析厘

8. 討論——慮周藻密，枝葉扶疏

9. 引用他人意見(jiàn)——它山之石，前車(chē)之鑒

10. 關(guān)于語(yǔ)態(tài)

* 以 A 和 B 泛指人名，999 泛指數(shù)字，2020 泛指年份，均可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要進(jìn)行替代。

例：

(1) Statistical significance was ( )

a) accepted at the 999 level.

b) set at P = 999.

主句的括號(hào)中可根據(jù)需要選填 a 句或 b 句，即 Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level. 或 Statistical significance was set at P = 0.05.

1. 引入研究對(duì)象——切中要害，漸入佳境

(1) Recent studies have explored the ( )

a) impact of ____ on ____.

b) differences/similarities between ____ and ____.

(2) Over the years, an enormous amount of research has been ( )

a) carried out in an attempt to ____.

b) conducted to determine ____.

(3) Considerable research attention has been ( )

a) paid to ____.

b) directed toward ____.

(4) A number of recent studies have ( )

a) examined/investigated ____.

b) focused/reported on ____.

c) linked ____ to ____.

d) addressed the issue of ____.

2. 描述其他研究不足——舌戰(zhàn)群儒，唯吾獨(dú)尊

There is limited research investigating ____.

There is scant evidence that ____.

To the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on ____.

Few studies have investigated the impact of ____.

Relatively little is understood about ____.

Few attempts have been made to investigate the role of ____.

Previous studies have disregarded ____.

Research on ____ has relied primarily on ____.

Previous research has largely overlooked the ( )

a) importance/significance/issue/role of ____.

b) challenges associated with ____.

c) possibility that ____.

3. 闡述研究目的——有的放矢，長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪

(1) The aim of this study/paper/article/essay/report is/was to ( )

a) address the issue of ____.

b) evaluate the effectiveness of ____.

c) identify the characteristics of ____.

d) extend this area of investigation by ____.

e) clarify the role of ____.

f) examine the variables associated with ____.

(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report was ( )

a) commissioned by ____.

b) carried out to examine ____.

c) undertaken to determine ____.

(3) In the present study, we ( )

a) describe a framework for ____.

b) propose a series of solutions for ____.

c) provide a theoretical basis for ____.

d) highlight the key differences between ____ and ____.

(4) This study/paper/article/essay/report sought to ( )

a) assess/describe/test ____.

b) shed light on ____.

c) provide detailed information on ____.

4. 涵蓋范圍與組織架構(gòu)——張本繼末，達(dá)地知根

An in-depth analysis of ____ is not within the scope of this article.

____ lies outside the scope of the present study/paper/article/essay/report.

(1) This study/paper/article/essay/report provides an overview of ( )

a) recent developments in ____.

b) issues relating to ____.

c) the current debates about ____.

d) the effect of ____ on ____.

e) the critical factors influencing ____.

f) the basic concepts of ____.

g) current research on ____.

(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report ( )

a) is divided/organized into 999 sections/broad parts/distinct sections.

b) comprises/consists of 999 parts.

c) is comprised of 999 sections.

(3) This study/paper/article/essay/report is organized into 999 main ( )

a) parts, the first of which deals with ____.

b) parts, both of which focus on ___.

5. 文獻(xiàn)綜述——博采眾長(zhǎng)，兼聽(tīng)則明

The literature on ____ has its roots in ____.

Despite differences in ____, there are areas of agreement.

Most researchers working in the area of ____ agree on____.

Much previous work on ____ has focused on ____.

A recent line of research has focused on ____.

A widely accepted hypothesis is that ____.

While there is wide agreement that ____, views differ on ____.

Numerous scholars have ( )

a) conducted research on ____.

b) noted that ____.

c) pointed out that ____.

d) attempted to identify ____.

e) sought to understand phenomena such as ____.

f) contended that ____.

6. 描述樣本信息——追本溯源，真憑實(shí)據(jù)

(1) Participants in this study were ( )

a) randomly selected based on ____.

b) selected from ____.

(2) For the purpose of this study, ( )

a) ____ was measured with ____.

b) ____ was classified/defined as ____.

(3) The survey included ( )

a) a variety of questions on ____.

b) a set of questions designed to ____.

c) 999 questions, split evenly between ____ and ____.

7. 數(shù)據(jù)分析——鞭辟入里，分毫析厘

(1) Statistical significance was ( )

a) accepted at the 999 level.

b)set at P = 999.

c) determined by ____.

d) assessed by ____.

e) not achieved due to ____.

(2) Means and standard deviations ( )

a) were 999 and 999.

b) were determined through ____.

c) were obtained from ____.

d) were calculated for each ____.

e) are presented in Table 999.

8. 討論——慮周藻密，枝葉扶疏

(1) Our findings ( )

a) can be divided into 999 categories: ____.

b) can be compared to results of earlier studies that ____.

c) provide strong evidence that ____.

d) reveal that ____.

(2) The results yielded ( )

a) some interesting findings.

b) no signs of ____.

c) no significant correlation between ____ and ____.

d) no statistically significant relationships between ____ and ____.

(3) Future research will have to ( )

a) clarify/confirm/determine (whether) ____.

b) shed light on ____.

c) address ____ in more detail.

d) meet the challenge of ____.

9. 引用他人意見(jiàn)——它山之石，前車(chē)之鑒

A was one of the first to define ____ as ____.

In his 2020 study, A argued that ____.

A and B have put forward the hypothesis that ____.

A’s impact on ____ has been widely examined.

Both A and B ____. However, while the former ____, the latter____.

While A’s findings indicate that ____, it has not yet been demonstrated that ____.

A number of studies ____. Specifically, A and B examined ____.

As an example of ____, consider the study of A, which ____.

10. 關(guān)于語(yǔ)態(tài)

英文寫(xiě)作中會(huì)涉及到主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（active voice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passive voice），究竟應(yīng)如何選擇語(yǔ)態(tài)？

筆者此處將潤(rùn)色編輯、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)老師與其他相關(guān)材料的建議加以概括：

（1）在論文寫(xiě)作中，兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)都是正確的；

（2）人文社科往往關(guān)注動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，而自然科學(xué)通過(guò)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)將注意力轉(zhuǎn)至動(dòng)作本身，同時(shí)減少使用第一人稱；

（3）在動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不夠明確時(shí)不適合使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；

（4）過(guò)多使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使句子冗長(zhǎng)、文章乏味、缺少活力；

（5）語(yǔ)態(tài)選擇也受作者本人寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格、投稿期刊喜好和作者機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)作規(guī)范等影響。

本文提供的句式主要起到拋磚引玉的作用，幫助大家寫(xiě)作時(shí)進(jìn)行同義替換，使表達(dá)更加豐富、地道，多寫(xiě)多練形成自己的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格才是硬道理。