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007.Kubernetes二進(jìn)制部署Flannel

 精品唯居 2021-01-10

一部署flannel

1.1 安裝flannel

kubernetes 要求集群內(nèi)各節(jié)點(diǎn)(包括 master 節(jié)點(diǎn))能通過(guò) Pod 網(wǎng)段互聯(lián)互通。flannel 使用 vxlan 技術(shù)為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可以互通的 Pod 網(wǎng)絡(luò),使用的端口為 UDP 8472。

flanneld 第一次啟動(dòng)時(shí),從 etcd 獲取配置的 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息,為本節(jié)點(diǎn)分配一個(gè)未使用的地址段,然后創(chuàng)建 flannedl.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口(也可能是其它名稱,如 flannel1 等)。

flannel 將分配給自己的 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息寫入 /run/flannel/docker 文件,docker 后續(xù)使用這個(gè)文件中的環(huán)境變量設(shè)置 docker0 網(wǎng)橋,從而從這個(gè)地址段為本節(jié)點(diǎn)的所有 Pod 容器分配 IP。
更多flannel參考:《008.Docker Flannel+Etcd分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署》。
  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# mkdir flannel
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.11.0/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  4 [root@k8smaster01 work]# tar -xzvf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C flannel

1.2分發(fā)flannel

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     scp flannel/{flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} root@${master_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
  7     ssh root@${master_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
  8   done

1.3創(chuàng)建flannel證書和密鑰

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
  3 {
  4     "CN": "flanneld",
  5     "hosts": [],
  6     "key": {
  7         "algo": "rsa",
  8         "size": 2048
  9     },
 10     "names": [
 11         {
 12             "C": "CN",
 13             "ST": "Shanghai",
 14             "L": "Shanghai",
 15             "O": "k8s",
 16             "OU": "System"
 17         }
 18     ]
 19 }
 20 EOF
 21 #創(chuàng)建flanneld的CA證書請(qǐng)求文件
解釋:
該證書只會(huì)被 kubectl 當(dāng)做 client 證書使用,所以 hosts 字段為空。
  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem   3 -ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem -config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json   4 -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld#生成CA密鑰(ca-key.pem)和證書(ca.pem)

1.4分發(fā)證書和私鑰

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     ssh root@${master_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/flanneld/cert"
  7     scp flanneld*.pem root@${master_ip}:/etc/flanneld/cert
  8   done

1.5寫入集群 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# etcdctl   4   --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}   5   --ca-file=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem   6   --cert-file=/opt/k8s/work/flanneld.pem   7   --key-file=/opt/k8s/work/flanneld-key.pem   8   mk ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config '{"Network":"'${CLUSTER_CIDR}'", "SubnetLen": 21, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
注意:注意:本步驟只需執(zhí)行一次。
提示:flanneld 當(dāng)前版本 (v0.11.0) 不支持 etcd v3,故使用 etcd v2 API 寫入配置 key 和網(wǎng)段數(shù)據(jù);
寫入的 Pod 網(wǎng)段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 地址段(如 /16)必須小于 SubnetLen,必須與 kube-controller-manager 的 --cluster-cidr 參數(shù)值一致。

1.6創(chuàng)建flanneld的systemd

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > flanneld.service << EOF
  4 [Unit]
  5 Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
  6 After=network.target
  7 After=network-online.target
  8 Wants=network-online.target
  9 After=etcd.service
 10 Before=docker.service
 11 
 12 [Service]
 13 Type=notify
 14 ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/flanneld \ 15   -etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \ 16   -etcd-certfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \ 17   -etcd-keyfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \ 18   -etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \ 19   -etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \ 20   -iface=${IFACE} \ 21   -ip-masq
 22 ExecStartPost=/opt/k8s/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
 23 Restart=always
 24 RestartSec=5
 25 StartLimitInterval=0
 26 
 27 [Install]
 28 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 29 RequiredBy=docker.service
 30 EOF
解釋:
mk-docker-opts.sh:該腳本將分配給 flanneld 的 Pod 子網(wǎng)段信息寫入 /run/flannel/docker 文件,后續(xù) docker 啟動(dòng)時(shí)使用這個(gè)文件中的環(huán)境變量配置 docker0 網(wǎng)橋;
flanneld:使用系統(tǒng)缺省路由所在的接口與其它節(jié)點(diǎn)通信,對(duì)于有多個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口(如內(nèi)網(wǎng)和公網(wǎng))的節(jié)點(diǎn),可以用 -iface 參數(shù)指定通信接口;
flanneld:運(yùn)行時(shí)需要 root 權(quán)限;
-ip-masq: flanneld 為訪問(wèn) Pod 網(wǎng)絡(luò)外的流量設(shè)置 SNAT 規(guī)則,同時(shí)將傳遞給 Docker 的變量 --ip-masq(/run/flannel/docker 文件中)設(shè)置為 false,這樣 Docker 將不再創(chuàng)建 SNAT 規(guī)則; Docker 的 --ip-masq 為 true 時(shí),創(chuàng)建的 SNAT 規(guī)則比較“暴力”:將所有本節(jié)點(diǎn) Pod 發(fā)起的、訪問(wèn)非 docker0 接口的請(qǐng)求做 SNAT,這樣訪問(wèn)其他節(jié)點(diǎn) Pod 的請(qǐng)求來(lái)源 IP 會(huì)被設(shè)置為 flannel.1 接口的 IP,導(dǎo)致目的 Pod 看不到真實(shí)的來(lái)源 Pod IP。 flanneld 創(chuàng)建的 SNAT 規(guī)則比較溫和,只對(duì)訪問(wèn)非 Pod 網(wǎng)段的請(qǐng)求做 SNAT。

1.7分發(fā)flannel systemd

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     scp flanneld.service root@${master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
  7   done

二啟動(dòng)并驗(yàn)證

2.1啟動(dòng)flannel

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  5     ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable flanneld && systemctl restart flanneld"
  6   done

2.2檢查flannel啟動(dòng)

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  5     ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl status flanneld|grep Active"
  6   done
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2.3檢查pod網(wǎng)段信息

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# etcdctl   3   --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}   4   --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem   5   --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem   6   --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem   7   get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config#查看集群 Pod 網(wǎng)段(/16)
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  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# etcdctl   3   --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}   4   --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem   5   --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem   6   --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem   7   ls ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets#查看已分配的 Pod 子網(wǎng)段列表(/24)
  8 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  9 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# etcdctl  10   --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS}  11   --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem  12   --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem  13   --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem  14   get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.32.0-21#查看某一 Pod 網(wǎng)段對(duì)應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn) IP 和 flannel 接口地址
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解釋:
172.30.32.0/21 被分配給節(jié)點(diǎn) k8smaster01 (172.24.8.71);
VtepMAC 為 k8smaster01 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 flannel.1 網(wǎng)卡 MAC 地址。

2.4檢查flannel網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ip addr show
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解釋:flannel.1 網(wǎng)卡的地址為分配的 Pod 子網(wǎng)段的第一個(gè) IP(.0),且是 /32 的地址。
  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ip route show |grep flannel.1
  2 172.30.128.0/21 via 172.30.128.0 dev flannel.1 onlink
  3 172.30.208.0/21 via 172.30.208.0 dev flannel.1 onlink
解釋:
到其它節(jié)點(diǎn) Pod 網(wǎng)段請(qǐng)求都被轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到 flannel.1 網(wǎng)卡;
flanneld 根據(jù) etcd 中子網(wǎng)段的信息,如 ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.32.0-21 ,來(lái)決定進(jìn)請(qǐng)求發(fā)送給哪個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的互聯(lián) IP。

2.5驗(yàn)證各節(jié)點(diǎn)flannel

在各節(jié)點(diǎn)上部署 flannel 后,檢查是否創(chuàng)建了 flannel 接口(名稱可能為 flannel0、flannel.0、flannel.1 等):
  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  5     ssh ${master_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1|grep -w inet"
  6   done
輸出:
  1 >>> 172.24.8.71
  2     inet 172.30.32.0/32 scope global flannel.1
  3 >>> 172.24.8.72
  4     inet 172.30.128.0/32 scope global flannel.1
  5 >>> 172.24.8.73
  6     inet 172.30.208.0/32 scope global flannel.1
在各節(jié)點(diǎn)上 ping 所有 flannel 接口 IP,確保能通:
  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for master_ip in ${MASTER_IPS[@]}
  3   do
  4     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  5     ssh ${master_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.32.0"
  6     ssh ${master_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.128.0"
  7     ssh ${master_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.208.0"
  8   done
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