Art - The Creation of Adam By Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo, 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered by many the greatest artist of his lifetime, and by some the greatest artist of all time, his artistic versatility was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival, the fellow Florentine and client of the Medici, Leonardo da Vinci.  米開朗基羅·迪洛多維科·布諾納羅蒂·西莫尼，或更為人所熟知的名字米開朗基羅，出生于1475年3月6日，卒于1564年2月18日），是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的雕塑家、畫家、建筑師和詩人，生于佛羅倫薩共和國(guó)，對(duì)西方藝術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了無與倫比的影響，被認(rèn)為是他同期中最偉大的藝術(shù)家，以及有史以來最偉大的藝術(shù)家。他多才多藝，對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)之高，以至于經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期典型人物稱號(hào)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，而他的對(duì)手，則是同為佛羅倫薩同胞、美第奇家族的委托人-達(dá)·芬奇。

1. The painting is part of a complex iconographic scheme and it’s chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis.  這幅畫是一幅復(fù)雜的肖像畫的一部分，按時(shí)間順序排列，它是《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》系列畫板中的第四幅。

2. The image of the near touching hands of God and Adam have becoming iconic of humanity.  上帝和亞當(dāng)近乎觸摸的手的形象已經(jīng)成為人類的標(biāo)志。

3. Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper and Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam are the most replicated religious paintings of all time.  列奧納多·達(dá)芬奇的《最后的晚餐》和米開朗基羅的《創(chuàng)造亞當(dāng)》是有史以來被復(fù)制最多的宗教繪畫。

4. Michelangelo was originally hired to paint the Twelve Apostles on the triangular pendentives that supported the ceiling, and cover the central part of the ceiling with ornament. However, Michelangelo persuaded Pope Julius to give him a free hand and proposed a different and more complex scheme, representing the Creation, the Fall of Man, the Promise of Salvation through the prophets and the genealogy of Christ.  米開朗基羅最初是被請(qǐng)來在支撐天花板的三角形吊墜上繪制十二使徒，并用裝飾物覆蓋天花板的中心部分。然而，米開朗基羅勸說教皇朱利葉斯放手給他，并提出了一個(gè)不同的更復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃，一個(gè)可以描述人類的創(chuàng)造、人類的墮落、通過先知和基督的后人來實(shí)現(xiàn)拯救的承諾。

5. The entire creation is over 500 square metres of ceiling, containing well over 300 figures.  整個(gè)作品的天花板面積超過500平方米，包含了300多個(gè)人物。

6. At the center of the massive creation are the 9 episodes from the Book of Genesis, divided into three groups, God’s Creation of the Earth, God’s Creation of Humankind and their fall from God’s grace.  在這個(gè)巨大的創(chuàng)作中心是創(chuàng)世紀(jì)的9各部分，分為三組：上帝創(chuàng)造地球，上帝創(chuàng)造人類，他們從上帝的恩典中墮落。

7. Apart from The Creation of Adam, other famous paintings on the ceiling are Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, the Deluge, the Prophet Jeremiah and the Cumaen Sibyl.  除了亞當(dāng)?shù)膭?chuàng)作，天花板上其他著名的繪畫還有伊甸園里的亞當(dāng)和夏娃、洪水、先知耶利米和西比勒。

8. In the painting, God is depicted as an elderly white bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, who’s on the lower left, is completely nude. God’s right arm is outstretched to impark the spark of life from his own finger into Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God’s, a reminder that man was created in the image and likeness of God.   在這幅畫中，上帝被描繪成一個(gè)裹著一件旋轉(zhuǎn)斗篷的白胡子老人，而在左下角的亞當(dāng)則完全裸體。上帝的右臂伸出來，把生命的火花從他自己的指頭刺入亞當(dāng)?shù)纳眢w，亞當(dāng)?shù)淖蟊凵煺?，與上帝呈相同的姿勢(shì)，提醒我們，人是按照神的形象和相似而生的。

9. Many people speculate on who the 12 figures around God are. Some people believe that the person protected by God’s left arm might be Eve due to the figure’s feminine appearance and the gaze towards Adam.  許多人推測(cè)上帝周圍的12個(gè)人物都有誰。有些人認(rèn)為，上帝左臂保護(hù)的人可能就是夏娃，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)女性形象，以及她對(duì)亞當(dāng)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的注視。

10. Generally, The Creation of Adam is thought to depict the excerpt from Genesis that stated, “God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him.”  一般來說，《創(chuàng)造亞當(dāng)》被認(rèn)為是體現(xiàn)了《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》中的一段話：“上帝按照自己的形象創(chuàng)造了人，且按照上帝的形象創(chuàng)造了他?！?/span>

11.  In 1990, an Anderson, Indiana physician, Frank Meshberger, noted in the Journal of the American Medical Association that the background figures and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain.  1990年，印第安納州的安德森醫(yī)生弗蘭克·梅斯伯格在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上指出，上帝形象背后描繪的背景人物和形狀似乎是一幅解剖上準(zhǔn)確的圖像 - 人類的大腦。

12. The red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus, and the scarf hanging out could be a newly cut umbilical cord.  上帝周圍的紅布具有人類子宮的形狀，而掛在外面的carf可能是一根新剪斷的臍帶。

13. Michelangelo reluctantly accepted the commission to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, as he considered himself to be a sculptor and not a painter.  米開朗基羅勉強(qiáng)接受了為西斯廷教堂天花板畫畫的委托，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)雕刻家而不是畫家。

14. He struggled with the physical strain of the work and in 1509, he even wrote a poem about it, complaining to his friend Giovanni da Pistoia, “I’ve already grown a goitre from this tortue.”  在1509年，他甚至為此寫了一首詩，向他的朋友喬瓦尼·達(dá)·皮斯托尼亞抱怨說：“我已經(jīng)從這場(chǎng)折磨中長(zhǎng)出了甲狀腺腫?！?/span>

15. It’s believed that Michelangelo painted the ceiling lying on his back, but he actually constructed his own system of scaffolding, so that he could paint standing up for more precision and control.  人們相信米開朗基羅把天花板漆成了仰臥的樣子，但實(shí)際上他建造了自己的腳手架，這樣他就可以為站起來畫，以便他畫得更精確，更有控制。

16. Michelangelo worked on the frescoes for 4 years and left God for last. He wanted to first refine his technique to depict Him perfectly.  米開朗基羅在壁畫上花了4年的時(shí)間，但他最后才畫的上帝。他想用前面的繪畫磨礪他的技巧，使之能夠在最后完美地描繪上帝。

17. He completed the entire ceiling without being able to see his work as a whole, since the scaffolding remained in place right until the very end. The first time he saw his creation was at its unveiling.  他完成了整個(gè)天花板，卻看不到整個(gè)工作，因?yàn)槟_手架一直保持在原位，直到最后。他第一次看到他的作品是在揭幕儀式上。

18. The many nudes in the frescoes have caused controversy in the past. In 1564, the Council of Trent deemed the paintings indecent and ordered Daniele da Volterra to cover them up with fig leaves, clothing and other items.  壁畫中的許多裸體在過去引起了爭(zhēng)議。1564年，特倫特委員會(huì)認(rèn)為這些畫很不雅觀，并命令丹尼爾·達(dá)·沃爾泰拉用無花果樹葉、衣服和其他物品把它們蓋住。

19. During major restorations done between the 1980s and 1990s, many of these additions were removed, revealing numerous, previously unseen details.  在20世紀(jì)80年代至90年代進(jìn)行的主要修復(fù)過程中，這些附加上去的部分被移除，才發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多以前未被看到的細(xì)節(jié)。

contender 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者

Genesis 創(chuàng)世紀(jì)

replicated 仿制、復(fù)制

free hand 放手處理問題的權(quán)力，全權(quán)

prophet 先知

feminine 女性的

nude 裸體

Sistine Chapel  西斯廷小堂

goitre  甲狀腺腫

indecent 下流的;有傷風(fēng)化的

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