1. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.（2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇）

【解析】本句中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the thing，that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，to 后又接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示無(wú)論是誰(shuí)生病，and并列would go 和 be with。

【翻譯】最感動(dòng)我的一件事情是無(wú)論誰(shuí)生病了，她都在其身邊陪伴著他們。

2. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.（2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】 a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作為Mr. Wei 的同位語(yǔ)，that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾industry。最后部分用了offering分詞做后置定語(yǔ)對(duì)resort的修飾。

【翻譯】北京第一家滑雪旅游開(kāi)發(fā)商經(jīng)理魏先生，看到了中國(guó)旅游市場(chǎng)迅猛發(fā)展，很快便借鑒了歐洲滑雪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，最近幾年滑雪旅游在中國(guó)流行起來(lái)。

3. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up and as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out.（2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】where引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)小的定語(yǔ)從句，when引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，由此構(gòu)成了這個(gè)句子。

【翻譯】魏先生工作的滑雪場(chǎng)將近花費(fèi)了4百萬(wàn)，并且在中國(guó)，當(dāng)其他人想出了一個(gè)主意，其他人就會(huì)爆發(fā)一場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大的價(jià)格戰(zhàn)。

4. Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血壓) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.（2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解D篇）

【解析】本句是由表轉(zhuǎn)折but連接的并列句。前一分句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，but的后一分句中，主干是many studies have shown that, that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句又是由一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞help后面接的是四個(gè)省略to的并列賓語(yǔ)lower…and raise…, reduce…and spread…。

【翻譯】科學(xué)無(wú)法解釋寵物的力量，不過(guò)很多研究表明，有寵物的陪伴能幫助降低血壓和增加心臟病發(fā)作后康復(fù)的機(jī)會(huì)，減少孤獨(dú)感，并向周圍傳遞喜悅的心情。

5. They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.（2011全國(guó)新課標(biāo)閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】句子主干是They are among the growing number of Americans?！癲riven by higher…”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾Americans；“who, …h(huán)ave taken up vegetable gardening for the first time”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Americans。

【翻譯】越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人迫于生活成本的上升和經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退，首次開(kāi)始經(jīng)營(yíng)蔬菜園子，他們就在其中。

6. When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties.（2011全國(guó)新課標(biāo)閱讀理解D篇）

【解析】when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；“dealing with…”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】當(dāng)你加入我們財(cái)務(wù)管理單位的這團(tuán)隊(duì)，你將協(xié)助財(cái)務(wù)部各部門的工作，處理郵件和其他日常事務(wù)。

7. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.（2012全國(guó)新課標(biāo)閱讀理解B篇）

【解析】Once引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句， waiting from time to time for…為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)；as 引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

【翻譯】一旦吸引了他們的注意，它就飛過(guò)森林，并時(shí)不時(shí)地等著那好奇的動(dòng)物或人跟上來(lái)，因?yàn)樗獛е麄冋业椒涑病?/p>

8. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.（2012全國(guó)新課標(biāo)閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】so that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；as if引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。

【翻譯】一名男演員和一名女演員站在場(chǎng)景前，好讓他們看起來(lái)像是站在一個(gè)小島的水邊。

9. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.（2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)ⅠC篇）

【解析】本句中in a way為介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞way；he had no idea of his background at all為省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggested的賓語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】但是他接下來(lái)談?wù)搳W巴馬的方式表明他對(duì)奧巴馬的背景一無(wú)所知。

10. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.（2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇）

【解析】本句中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞overreact。

【翻譯】它進(jìn)一步要求，當(dāng)碰到與自己相反的意見(jiàn)時(shí)，醫(yī)生不能反應(yīng)過(guò)度，那樣可能會(huì)讓其他醫(yī)生下次不敢說(shuō)出自己的看法。

11. Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.（2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇）

【解析】本句中“once less recognized”為省略句，省略了it was；此外還含有一個(gè)with sth. on結(jié)構(gòu)，on在此處意為“上演”，“it last”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞21days。

【翻譯】曾經(jīng)不被怎么人們認(rèn)可的“藝穗節(jié)”如今的規(guī)模已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了藝術(shù)節(jié)，在藝為期21天的活動(dòng)中，每天要上演約1500場(chǎng)戲劇、音樂(lè)和舞蹈。

12. Given that many people's moods (情緒) are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.（2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】given that意為“考慮到，鑒于……情況”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；主句中還含有一個(gè)before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

【翻譯】鑒于很多人的情緒是由巧克力的化學(xué)作用來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)的，那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中藥店一樣可能只是個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題了。

13. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解A篇）

【解析】that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中，their curiosity和how引導(dǎo)的從句并列作show的賓語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)賽邀請(qǐng)，甚至挑戰(zhàn)5到14歲的在校生創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品或?qū)懸黄恼?，?lái)展示他們的好奇心，并告訴我們它如何激發(fā)他們?nèi)ヌ剿髯晕沂澜纭?/p>

14. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons –a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇）

【解析】本句在“It be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)；從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；3 billion passenger pigeons和 a number equal…是同位關(guān)系。此外，還有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“making…”作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，當(dāng)旅鴿數(shù)量達(dá)到最多時(shí)，曾超過(guò)了30億只，這個(gè)數(shù)量相當(dāng)于美國(guó)鳥(niǎo)類總數(shù)的24%-40%，使旅鴿成為世界上數(shù)量最為龐大的鳥(niǎo)類。

15. This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】本句中because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中while引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；此外，which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作about的賓語(yǔ)；who引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。

【翻譯】這讓我陷入無(wú)休無(wú)止的煩惱之中，因?yàn)楫?dāng)所有的專家們都在忙著辯論哪個(gè)選擇最好時(shí)，那些想改善自己生活的人們卻被所有這些矛盾的信息弄得困惑不堪。

16. By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀七選五）

【解析】that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞skills；從句中還含有一個(gè)no matter what引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

【翻譯】不管未來(lái)如何變化，幫助他們開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)典的技能會(huì)對(duì)他們大有幫助的。

17. He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇）

【解析】句子的主干是He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city在此處為形容詞短語(yǔ)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充形容主語(yǔ)he當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。thinking of…為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，在現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)中，organized為過(guò)去分詞作get的賓補(bǔ)，from a distant country為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。此外，while trying to settle down in a new one為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】他向警方報(bào)了案，然后失落孤獨(dú)地坐在一個(gè)陌生的城市里，想著要在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻煩，而同時(shí)他還要試著在一個(gè)新的國(guó)家安頓下來(lái)。

18. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀七選五）

【解析】第一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞moment， “cooking…”為賓語(yǔ)從句，作think 的賓語(yǔ)；后面的when引導(dǎo)的從句由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成，作句子的表語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】當(dāng)我已經(jīng)餓了卻沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好可以吃的東西的時(shí)候，我認(rèn)為做飯是一種痛苦。

19. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night.（2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇）

【解析】as引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)前置；when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中包含了由where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞restaurant。

【翻譯】眼前的西紅柿令我欣喜不已，當(dāng)我聽(tīng)說(shuō)布朗的格魯夫農(nóng)場(chǎng)是杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳的供應(yīng)商之一時(shí)，我更加高興了。杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳是薩拉索塔麗思卡爾頓酒店新開(kāi)張的一家餐廳——我感到很幸運(yùn)——那天晚上我計(jì)劃去那吃晚飯。

20. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.（2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇）

【解析】 The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration…為句子的主干，bringing together ...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾an exhibition。

【翻譯】巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油畫(huà)、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表達(dá)對(duì)這位藝術(shù)家及其偉大人格的尊敬和欽佩。