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飛鳥蹁躚,歡喜如意——試譯《飛鳥集》| 悅讀讀書會(huì)

 悅讀讀書 2020-08-04

喜歡泰戈?duì)?,?jīng)常翻閱他的《飛鳥集》。這本書有幾個(gè)不同的譯本。

鄭振鐸譯本流傳時(shí)間長(zhǎng),影響力大;馮唐譯本強(qiáng)調(diào)押韻,因眾所周知的原因,已被召回下架;陳獨(dú)秀譯本網(wǎng)上找的不全,有漢樂府的雍容感;另有民國(guó)時(shí)姚華譯本“五言飛鳥集”,與陳獨(dú)秀譯本有相似處。


The bird wishes it were a cloud.The cloud wishes it were a bird. 

鄭振鐸譯本:鳥兒愿為一朵云,云兒愿為一只鳥

馮唐譯本:飛鳥希望自己是云彩,云彩希望自己是飛鳥。

姚華譯本:云鳥若相易,相羨仍未了。


Her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night. 

鄭振鐸譯本:她熱切的臉,如夜雨似的,攪擾著我的夢(mèng)魂。

馮唐譯本:她期待的臉縈繞我的夢(mèng),雨落進(jìn)夜的城。


If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss thestars. ”

鄭振鐸譯本:如果你因失去了太陽而流淚,那么你也將失去群星了。

姚華譯本:白日既西匿,眾星相代明。如何偏淚眼,獨(dú)自擁愁城。


Our desires lends the colours of the rainbow to the mere masts and vapours of life.

鄭振鐸譯本:我們的欲望,把彩虹的顏色,借給那只不過是云霧的人生。

馮唐譯本:我們的欲望,把彩虹的七色寶光,借給生命中的虛妄。


清末新興啟蒙思想家嚴(yán)復(fù)提出,翻譯的三難,也是三個(gè)極致:信、達(dá)、雅。信:譯文要不背離原文,準(zhǔn)確,不偏離,不遺漏,也不要隨意增減。達(dá):不拘泥于原文形式,譯文含義通達(dá)。雅:詞句雅致,有韻味。譯者對(duì)雙方文化背景的知見是翻譯的基礎(chǔ)。馮唐他在翻譯《飛鳥集》的后記中提到,譯者有自由平衡的信達(dá)雅,翻譯的有我之境,是譯者的見識(shí)、敏感、光明、黑暗。

近代,巨擘級(jí)翻譯家、中國(guó)新文化的先驅(qū)者林琴南先生自幼飽讀詩(shī)書,深受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的影響。他不懂外文,通過別人的口譯經(jīng)由他對(duì)中西文化背景的對(duì)比與思考,不局限于以文字翻譯文字,而是通會(huì)文章的妙義,實(shí)現(xiàn)文化對(duì)文化的翻譯。在兩種體系之間架起一座通暢而優(yōu)美的橋。

翻譯,是經(jīng)過調(diào)和以后的再創(chuàng)作。如同在書法中點(diǎn)畫少的字不容易寫好一樣,段落簡(jiǎn)短如松尾芭蕉俳句、圣經(jīng)、飛鳥集、吉檀迦利,形神并重很難。我個(gè)人偏愛簡(jiǎn)潔、含蓄、工整、典雅、妙趣、有節(jié)奏感的語言風(fēng)格,押韻最好,傾向于寫意的化境,不喜歡直譯。

很多詩(shī)集的翻譯,都采用同一種語言風(fēng)格;而我更喜歡的是,每個(gè)短篇適合哪種就選用哪種,不拘全篇,不自限。中國(guó)古典元素,深以為美者如鶴林、玉露、漁舟、蓑翁、長(zhǎng)亭等在西方文字中不可見;而多見上帝、星辰、玫瑰、少女、湖畔……譯者的文化心態(tài)、文化價(jià)值觀不同,審美取向也會(huì)不同。

了解一些宗教、政治、文化背景和詩(shī)人的閱歷,才能深解其意。以下選一些我翻譯的文字片段。夏日飛鳥蹁躚而過,惟愿讀者諸自歡喜,如意。

浮生日閑,試譯飛鳥集第147首以后的文字。通過翻譯的實(shí)踐,理解了如何消除本土文化與異文化的隔閡與對(duì)峙。

147. The dust of the dead words clings to thee. Wash thy soul with silence.

舊文字處惹纖塵,心凈踴躍。

148. Gaps are left in life through which comes the sad music of death.

生之一隅伏哀音。

153.Who is there to take up my duties? asked the setting sun. I shall do what I can, my Master, said the earthen lamp.

夕陽問,我落山后,誰耀長(zhǎng)夜?燈火答:主人啊,我傾盡,我的光。

154.By plucking her petals you do not gather the beauty of the flower.

采得花瓣,失花之美。

156.The Great walks with the Small without fear. The Middling keeps aloof.

偉大與渺小,攜手游芳叢。不大不小的,疏離又高冷。

162. Love! When you come with the burning lamp of pain in your hand, I can see your face and know you as bliss.

愛,當(dāng)你來時(shí),擎著痛苦的燃燈。我觀照,你的面容。你是極樂,你是至幸。

163.The leaned say that your lights will one day be no more, said the firefly to the stars. The stars made no answer.

螢火蟲,語于星:先知言,汝光明。終歸寂, 逝無蹤。群星默,不做聲。

165.Thoughts pass in my mind like flocks of lucks in the sky. I hear the voice of their wings.

神思,如翩鴻掠影。但聞鼓翼聲,不訴風(fēng)情。

167.The world has kissed my soul with its pain, asking for its return in songs.

以痛親吻我的靈魂,世界囑我:還以雅歌。

168.That which oppresses me, is it my soul trying to come out in the open, or the soul of the world knocking at my heart for its entrance?

是什么令我悵惘?靈魂的離舍還是,萬物之靈來敲我的心門?

170.I have dipped the vessel of my heart into this silent hour; it has filled with love.

心,沉潛于時(shí)光之海。海,盛滿了愛。

174.The clouds fill the watercups of the river, hiding themselves in the distant hills.

云把河床斟滿。兀自幽隱在,如黛的遠(yuǎn)山。

175. I spill water from my water jar as I walk on my way, Very little remains for my home.

素心如吾兮,獨(dú)歸攜壺。弊壺有隙兮,不堪遙途。及吾返家兮,滴水也無。

176.The water in a vessel is sparkling; the water in the sea is dark. The small truth has words that are clear; the great truth has great silence.

杯水明媚,浩海幽暗。俗諦熙熙,大道無言。

181.My flower of the day dropped its petals forgotten. In the evening it ripens into a golden fruit of memory.

白日里,被遺忘的繁花落盡。入夜,成熟了的果實(shí)憶起,花的前身。

183.The evening sky to me is like a window, and a lighted lamp, and a waiting behind it.

夜幕初降,天穹似窗。窗幕后的落日,宛若燃燈,靜待黎明。

185.I am the autumn cloud, empty of rain, see my fulness in the field of ripened rice.

我是秋云,空不盈雨。成熟的稻田里,有我的漫溢。

190.Sit still, my heart, do not raise your dust. Let the world find its way to you.

靜坐著吧,我的心。別揚(yáng)起,你的塵。世界自會(huì),與你日近。

192.Woman, in your laughter you have the music of the fountain of life.

美人,你的笑聲里,有生命之泉的——神曲。

195.This world is the world of wild storms kept tame with the music of beauty.

音樂的曼妙柔克了世界的,狂風(fēng)驟雨。

198. The cricket’s chirp and the patter of rain come to me through the dark, like the rustle of dreams from my past youth.

蛩聲唧唧,雨淅淅。穿過暗夜,來我夢(mèng)里。一如那,逝去的年少,悠遠(yuǎn)的往昔。

199. I have lost my dewdrop, lost all its stars.

花香撩晨幕,曙天隱繁星?;ǔ锾炱?,我失露華濃。

200.The burning log bursts in flame and cries, --- "This is my flower, my death."

蓬勃燃燒的原木,在火光中長(zhǎng)嘆——死亡如花,亮烈綻放。

203.The day, with the noise of this little earth, drowns the silence of all worlds.

白日以這方,小小土地的聒噪,淹沒塵世的寂寥。

208.Let my doing nothing when I have nothing to do become untroubled in its depth of peace like the evening in the seashore when the water is silent.

浮生鎮(zhèn)日閑,無事憑闌干。夜幕垂臨海,寂然無波瀾。

210. The best does not come alone. It comes with the company of the all.

美,何獨(dú)至?懷良辰以同往。

213.Night’s darkness is a bag that bursts with the gold of the dawn.

夜的黑暗有容,盛滿了,拂曉的金晶。

217.The service of the fruit is precious, the service of the flower is sweet, but let my service be the service of the leaves in its shade of humble devotion.

碩果務(wù)高貴,繁花務(wù)甜美。我甘為綠葉,低垂務(wù)謙卑。

218.My heart has spread its sails to the idle winds for the shadowy island of Anywhere.

我的心泛若張了帆的不系之舟。此逝何處的荒島?何所向? 何所終?

223.Life has become richer by the love that has been lost.

明日黃花昨日情,仗劍天涯醉余生。

224.My friend, your great heart shone with the sunrise of the East like the snowy summit of a lonely hill in the dawn.

朋友,你博大的的情懷,熠熠閃光。如日出東方,如曦光中孤峰上,積雪的山梁。

225.The fountain of death makes the still water of life play.

歸寂之泉,讓生之靜水跌宕。

229.Our names are the light that glows on the sea waves at night and then dies without leaving its signature.

我們的名字是,暗夜的海上,閃光的漣漪。消逝得,了無痕跡。

233.  In heart’s perspective the distance looms large.

由心觀照,愈飄渺。

235.Do not say, "It is morning," and dismiss it with a mane of yesterday. See it for the first time as a new-born child that has no name.

莫道“黎明”。須得不同昨日的,賜予它個(gè)別稱。是無名嬰兒的降臨,初見它如新生。

237. The raindrop whispered to the jasmine, "Keep me in your heart for ever." The jasmine sighed, "Alas," and dropped to the ground.

雨滴耳語茉莉:讓我永存在你心里。茉莉嘆口氣,落做春泥。

239. The dim silence of my mind seems filled with crickets’ chirp --- the grey twilight of sound.

我的心在黯淡的寂靜里,似乎充滿了落寞的蛩聲唧唧。

242. This life is the crossing of a sea, where we meet in the same narrow ship. In death we reach the shore and go to our different worlds.

此生,海的津渡。我們?cè)诠轮劾锵嘤?,死去。彼岸相忘,去各自的世界里?/span>

243.The stream of truth flows through its channels of mistakes.

真諦的河,在俗諦的河道中流過。

251.The night’s silence, like a deep lamp, is burning with the light of its milky way.

夜之寂靜,宛若暗燈。河漢燦爛,予它光明。

252.Around the sunny island of Life swells day and night death’s limitless song of the sea.

大海無盡的死亡之聲,日夜叩響明媚的生命之島。

253.Is not this mountain like a flower, with its petals of hill, drinking the sunlight?

山,豈非如花一樣?;ò晁频纳椒?,沐著陽光。

255.Find your beauty, my heart, from the world’s movement, like the boat that has the grace of the wind and the water.

我的心,在世界的流轉(zhuǎn)里。邂逅你的芳華,宛若風(fēng)和水中,扁舟的優(yōu)雅。

260.Wayside grass, love the star, then your dreams will come out in flowers.

路邊的小草啊,愛上星星吧!你的夢(mèng)里會(huì),開滿繁花。

265.I have sung the songs of thy day. In the evening let me carry thy lamp through the stormy path.

我已經(jīng)歌唱過,你的日景。夜晚,讓我擎著你的燈,走過風(fēng)雨飄搖的小徑。

267.Death belongs to life as birth does. The walk is in the raising of the foot as in the laying of it down.

我的情人,請(qǐng)別來我的房間。你與我共度,無盡的孤單。

270.Through the sadness of all things I hear the crooning of the Eternal Mother.

穿過大千世界的悲傷,我聽到永恒之母的輕唱。

276.The lamp of meeting burns long; it goes out in a moment at theparting.

長(zhǎng)燈耀相逢,歡散的一刻,燈亦斂息它的光。

282.While I was passing with the crowd in the road I saw thy smilefromthe balcony and I sang and forgot all noise.

我穿過熙熙攘攘,邂逅你在樓閣上的淺笑。于是我歌唱,忘記所有的聒噪。

283.Love is life in its fulness like the cup with its wine.

愛是生命的豐足,如杯酒滿盈。

285.Lead me in the centre of thy silence to fill my heart withsongs.

帶我去你沉靜的內(nèi)核,盈心以歌。

287.Love''s pain sang round my life like the unplumbed sea, and love’s joy sang like birds in its flowering groves.

愛的悲歌如深不可測(cè)的海,縈繞著我。愛的歡歌如飛鳥,在一樹樹花開中翩躚而過。

290.Some day I shall sing to thee in the sunrise of some otherworld,I have seen thee before in the light of the earth, in the love ofman.

終有一天,我會(huì)在別樣世界的日升之時(shí)為你唱歌。在天地的光,在世人的愛中。我們?cè)娺^.

291.Clouds come floating into my life from other days no longer toshed rain or usher storm but to give colour to my sunset sky.

前日的云,飄至我生命里。不再為引風(fēng)積雨,只為了給我日暮的天空,增添絢麗。

293.The storm of the last night has crowned this morning with goldenpeace.

昨夜的狂風(fēng)驟雨為今晨的和平加冕

297.The silent night has the beauty of the mother and the clamorousdayof the child.

無聲的黑夜,有母親的旖旎。喧囂的白日,有孩童的美麗。

300.Let me feel this world as thy love taking form, then my ove willhelp it.

讓我感知到這世界因你的愛而成,我愿以愛隨喜。

309.I dream of a star, an island of light, where I shall be born andin the depth of its quickening leisure my life will ripen its works like the rice-field in the autumn sun.

夢(mèng)中孤星熙島,我將在那里出生。疾速流轉(zhuǎn)的閑暇時(shí)光深處,我能做些有為之事。我的生命日益圓滿,多像陽光下的十里稻香。

310.The smell of the wet earth in the rain rises like a great chant of praise from the voiceless multitude of the insignificant.

雨中泥土的芬芳,宛若嘹亮的頌揚(yáng)。來自渺小的人們,微聲劇集成巨響.

313.God comes to me in the dusk of my evening with the flowers frommy past kept fresh in his basket.

神,在我的黃昏到臨。祂的花籃里盛著我過往的花,清嘉如新。

314.When all the strings of my life will be tuned, my Master, thenat every touch of thine will come out the music of love.

主啊,當(dāng)我生命中所有琴弦都調(diào)好。信手一彈,都是愛的曲調(diào)。

317.I feel thy gaze upon my heart this moment like the sunny silnce of the morning upon the lonely field whose harvest is over.

此刻我感到你對(duì)我心的凝望。如同清晨,陽光靜靜地灑在,已經(jīng)收獲過的,孤野茫茫。

320.I have scaled the peak and found no shelter in fame''s bleak andbarren height. Lead me, my Guide, before the light fades, into the valleyof quiet where life''s harvest mellows into golden wisdom.

我攀上山脊,名望的高地荒蕪貧瘠,無處可居。你來,在光明消逝前,帶我離去。適彼空谷,生命在那里,圓熟成金黃的智慧的須彌。

321.Things look phantastic in this dimness of the dusk---the spireswhose bases are lost in the dark and tree tops like blots of ink. I shallwait for the morning and wake up to see thy city in the light.

黃昏中,塵世混沌不清。塔沒有了根基,樹冠染上墨跡。我愿等待黎明,期待光明中你的城。

325.Let this be my last word, that I trust thy love

我堅(jiān)信你的愛,此為后記。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

大廚大寒籠罩在古典與自然攝人心魄的美麗之下,不知道如何是好。那就以這樣的方式獲得與古典與自然的聯(lián)結(jié)吧:讀書、習(xí)字、淺嘗本草。

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