前幾期介紹了英語語法:動詞的用法、動詞的5類分法與用法。這一期學(xué)習(xí)英語語法:6類動詞的用法。 動詞,大多數(shù)表示動作,少數(shù)表示狀態(tài)或者心理狀況。 例如:walk(走),run(跑),jump(跳),know(知道),love(喜愛)。 重點(diǎn):動詞詞形的變化(6類詞類變化) 非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和過去分詞)的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 深刻理解各類動詞的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用規(guī)律 按詞形、結(jié)構(gòu)可以將動詞分為6類: 1.原形: 例如:work, laugh, study, do,speak 2.過去式: 原形+ed(規(guī)則變化),約200個動詞變化不規(guī)則。 例如:worked, laughed, studied did, spoke, wrote 3.過去分詞: 原形+ed(規(guī)則變化),約200個動詞不規(guī)則變化。 例如:worked, laughed, studied done, spoken, written 4.動名詞: 原形+ing 例如:working,laughing, studying,doing 5.不定式: to+原形 例如:to speak, to write, to run 6.短語動詞: 動詞+介詞,動詞+副詞,動詞+副詞+介詞 例如: work on研究, look for尋找 put away收走, put on穿上 put up with忍受, look up at尊敬 總結(jié): 1)大多數(shù)動詞(除大約200個不規(guī)則動詞外)的過去式和過去分詞是相同的,都是加ed。 2)原形動詞只用于謂語中(省去to的不定式不是原形動詞),不能用于謂語外的句子成分中。在謂語外的句子成分中都必須使用三種非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞或者過去分詞)之一,不能用原形動詞。切記! 3)只有謂語中的第一個動詞(與第二、第三個無關(guān))有人稱、數(shù)的詞形變化(情態(tài)動詞例外),在謂語以外的地方用動詞不受主語的人稱或者數(shù)的限制。 4)短語動詞應(yīng)看作一個整體,不能遺漏后部的介詞或者副詞。 那就是你住的房子? ×Is that the house which you live? √Is that the house in which you live? √Is that the house which you live in? √Is that the house where you live? 5)將-ing式分成動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞增加了英語學(xué)習(xí)者辨別者的負(fù)擔(dān)(有時兩者很難辨別),因此,我們主張并稱為-ing式。我們只需要弄清楚詞的特點(diǎn)和幾種不同用法就可以。 感謝閱讀! 歡迎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)啊~~~發(fā)動大家來做作業(yè),學(xué)英語~ 英語作業(yè)20171119 一、選擇括號內(nèi)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空。 9.It ___ (won’t, may not) do to drop out(退出) now. 10.Tom ___ (ought to, can) have arrived now. 11.Who ___ (can,may) this stone? 12.We had ___ (not better, better not) rely on others. 上一期英語作業(yè)20171118考答案: 5.Has 6.not laugh 7.can’t 8.will 二、分析句子的英語語法結(jié)構(gòu),并翻譯成中文 Over the Thanksgiving break Congress will have time to start digesting Donald Trump’s plans to implement the largest tax overhaul in a generation. It already has Trump’s critics – and several leading Republicans – reaching for the Tums. According to the president, the tax plans had some simple aims: to spur business investment by cutting corporate taxes, give middle-class America a tax break and simplify a byzantine tax system. It hasn’t proved quite so simple, or palatable. With two versions of the bill now under discussion in Congress, the final shape of the plan is still unclear but some losers and winners are emerging. The clear winners? Rich people and corporations. The clear losers? Poor people, the vulnerable. And America. 【英語外刊The Guardian】 |
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