中國(guó)人在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的過(guò)程中,講究“字正腔圓、落地有聲”、“大珠小珠落玉盤(pán)”,所以我們中國(guó)人說(shuō)話就像是數(shù)豆子一般,一顆一顆的往下落數(shù)的才清楚。 但英語(yǔ)恰恰相反,它需要將一句話中的某些個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞匯給凸出來(lái),其它的非重點(diǎn)詞匯弱化。尤其是在美音中,它甚至?xí)蓚€(gè)或者以上的單詞全部連起來(lái)讀了,感覺(jué)就像是第一個(gè)單詞沒(méi)有讀完,下一個(gè)緊跟著已經(jīng)讀出來(lái)了,或者是將某個(gè)單詞的某個(gè)輔音直接給省略掉了。所以對(duì)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了一個(gè)字一個(gè)字?jǐn)S地有聲的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),好多人就會(huì)覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)“太含含糊糊”了,這也導(dǎo)致好多中國(guó)人聽(tīng)力非常的差。相反,如果老外說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候是按照中國(guó)人的“一字一字落地有聲”來(lái)讀,那就不存在什么口語(yǔ)表達(dá)、聽(tīng)力不好的原因了。一句話中相鄰的兩個(gè)單詞,前一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)始,拼讀成“輔音+元音”。講解:你還記得漢語(yǔ)拼音中有些單詞xi'an(西安)、ku'ai(酷愛(ài))嗎?如果去掉隔音符,就成了xian(先)、kuai(快)了。英文中幾乎所有的句子都是從頭拼到尾,簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō):連音就是兩個(gè)單詞相遇能拼讀就拼,不能拼讀就讓過(guò)。短語(yǔ)練習(xí)(大聲讀出來(lái)喔):1.far~away It's not far~away from here.2.in~an~hour I should be there in~an~hour.3.later~on I'm going to see a movie later~on .4.put~it~on Here's your sweater. Put~it~on.5.stand~up Stand~up and stretch for a while.6.take~care~of I'll always take care~of you .7.take~it~easy Take~it~easy! Everything is going to be fine.8.take~off Please fasten your seat belt. we will take~off shortly.9.there~are There~are forty students in my class.10、work~out I work~out every day to keep fit.5.I've got~a lot~of work to do.6.May I have~a cup~of milk?7.What do you think~of~it?一句話中相鄰的兩個(gè)單詞,前一個(gè)單詞以元音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)始,則在兩個(gè)元音之間加上一個(gè)輕微的 [j] 或 [w] 的音,拼讀成“元音+ [j] 或 [w] +元音”。[i:]或[e?]結(jié)尾的元音+[j]+元音Come and see~us again soon.Will you be~able to come tomorrow?Could you say~it again please?Please pay~Ann her salary.以[u:]或 [??] 結(jié)尾的元音+[w]+元音Let's go~upstairs and have dinner.Can you show~us something else.注:元音與元音的連音是一種自然滑過(guò)后帶出來(lái)的音。當(dāng)你的發(fā)音接近流利時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不用刻意去發(fā) [j] 和 [w] 就可以有效果,所以盡管放松地去練習(xí),模仿是第一老師。在連音規(guī)則中,以“h”開(kāi)頭的單詞 [h] 音近乎省略。因?yàn)?[h] 發(fā)音很特殊——只是出氣沒(méi)有摩擦,所以拼讀時(shí)好像被省略了。3、Please give~him a hand!英語(yǔ)連讀規(guī)則,老外全程英英講解,真實(shí)課堂教學(xué)英文最明顯的語(yǔ)音規(guī)則除了連讀外,就是略讀了。爆破音和爆破音相鄰,第一個(gè)爆破音只形成阻礙,但不發(fā)生爆破,稱(chēng)為失爆;爆破音和其他輔音相鄰,該爆破音不完全爆破。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的失爆和不完全爆破現(xiàn)象,我們簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“略讀”。略讀是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn),掌握好略讀,也就掌握了地道英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的制勝法寶!注意:略讀時(shí)并不是把整個(gè)音丟掉,而是發(fā)音時(shí)點(diǎn)到為止,有口型不發(fā)音或輕微發(fā)音。重要學(xué)術(shù)名詞--爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]六個(gè)爆破音中任意兩個(gè)相遇,一個(gè)爆破音后緊跟著另一個(gè)爆破音時(shí),前面一個(gè)音點(diǎn)到為止,形成阻礙,但不發(fā)生爆破;第二個(gè)音完全爆破;若第二個(gè)爆破音在詞尾,則必須輕化。以一個(gè)爆破音結(jié)尾并以同一個(gè)爆破音開(kāi)始時(shí),只發(fā)一次音,前一個(gè)音只做好發(fā)音準(zhǔn)備而不發(fā)音,直接發(fā)第二個(gè)音。1.active=a(c)tive [k]+[t]Students are encouraged to be active in class.2.blackboard=blac(k)board [k]+[b]Our class has a large blackboard.3.dictation=di(k)tation [k]+[t]We'll have dictation today.4.football=foo(t)ball [t]+[b]There is going to be a football match tonight. Shall we watch it together?5.goodbye=goo(d)bye [d]+[b]以上列舉的失爆和不完全爆破現(xiàn)象,都發(fā)生在單詞內(nèi),實(shí)際上,在一個(gè)句子或者詞組中,相鄰的兩個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)失爆和不完全爆破現(xiàn)象的幾率要大于出現(xiàn)在單詞內(nèi)。1.Stop talking!=Sto(p)-talking!2.I don't care.=I don'(t) -care.3.I had a bad cold.=I had a ba(d)-cold.爆破音[t]和[d]后面緊跟鼻輔音[m]和[n],[t]和[d]形成阻礙,在詞末必須通過(guò)鼻腔爆破;發(fā)音時(shí),舌尖緊貼上齒齦,稍放開(kāi)立刻貼回,從爆破音到鼻音舌位不變,讓氣流通過(guò)鼻腔沖出,在詞中則不完全爆破。Britain is made up of England, Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.They are certain to agree.The high prices frighten off many customers.1、admire=a(d)mire [d]=[m] I really admire your enthusiasm.She admits to being strict with her children.3、goodness=goo(d)ness [d]+[n]1、Good morning!=Goo(d)-morning!2、Let me take a look.=Le(t)-me take a look.3、I don't know what to say.=I don'(t)-know what to say.爆破音[t]和[d]后面緊跟舌邊音[l],則必須由舌兩邊爆破,這種情況多發(fā)生在詞尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面緊跟清晰舌邊[l],則為不完全爆破。Any soldiers were killed in the battle.His soap is very gentle on the hands.The company has agreed to settle out of court.Give your name and title。 1.heartless=hear(t)less [t]+[l]The decision does seem a little heartless.2.lately=la(te)ly [t]+[l] Have you seen him lately?Things have been going badly.4.needless=nee(d)less [d]+[l]Banning somking would save needless deaths.1.Good luck!=Goo(d)-luck!2.I would like to have one.=I woul(d) like to have one.3.At last, we made it to his party.=A(t) last, we made it to his party.當(dāng)爆破音后緊跟著摩擦音和破擦音時(shí),該爆破音形成阻礙,但不完全爆破。摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ e][s][ z][ ?][ ? ][h][r]破擦音:[ts]-[dz],[tr]-[dr],[t?]-[d?] 1.advance=a(d)vance [d]+[v] We live in an age of rapid technologcical advance.2.bookshop=boo(k)shop [k]+[ ?]The bookshop opens at 7 o'clock in the morning.3.helpful=hel(p)ful [p]+[f]A: Sorry, I can't be more helpful.B: Thank you. You're been very helpful. 4.lecture=le(c)ture [k]+[t?] Mr Li is giving a lecture to first-year students.5.object=o(b)ject [b]+[d?]The object is to educate people about road safety.1.You look fantastic.=You loo(k)-fantastic.2.I'll get there by ten.=I'll ge(t) there by ten.3.Let's have a good chat.=Let's have a goo(d)-chat.4.I haven't read the book.=I haven'(t)-read the book.5.Wish you a great success!=Wish you a grea(t)-success!6.Put the book on the desk.=Pu(t)-the book on the desk.7.She is one of my old friends.=She is one of my ol(d)-friends.8.I'd like a room with a good view.=I'd like a room with a goo(d) view.9.I am quite sure that you will win.=I am qui(te) sure that you will win.10.Don't judge people only by appearance.=Don'(t) judge people only by appearance.當(dāng)句子較長(zhǎng)時(shí),人們會(huì)覺(jué)得很難一口氣把話說(shuō)完。這時(shí),可以按語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法的關(guān)系把句子分為若干段,每一段就是一個(gè)意群。換句話說(shuō),意群就是可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立意思的一段,是組成句子的部件。意群和意群之間可以有一定的停頓,這種停頓和人們的思維活動(dòng)是一致的。但一個(gè)意群中的各個(gè)單詞之間則不可停頓,整個(gè)意群讀下來(lái)就像一個(gè)長(zhǎng)單詞一樣。記?。河⒄Z(yǔ)不是一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地說(shuō)的。例1:Repeating after tapes is very inportant for beginners.意群:Repeating after tapes | is very inportant | for beginners.跟讀錄音帶對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō),是非常重要的。例2:Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy, and wise.意群:Early to bed | and early to rise | makes a man | healthy, happy, and wise.例3:Liu Xiang, who's a brilliant runner,represented China at Olympic Games.意群:Liu Xiang, | who's a brilliant runner, | represented China | at Olympic Games.優(yōu)秀的跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔代表中國(guó)參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。例4:But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.意群:But | the most important argument | for a broad education | is that | in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, | we improve our moral sense.但普及教育最重要的原因在于通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)前任所凝結(jié)的智慧結(jié)晶,使我們的是非道德觀得以改善。意群之間的停頓,根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的情況而定,并非一定要停頓不可。但如有停頓,則必須在意群之間,隨意亂停就破壞了語(yǔ)言的節(jié)奏。 英語(yǔ)中有一則有關(guān)句子重音的笑話:有一個(gè)人去郵局買(mǎi)了一張郵票,準(zhǔn)備發(fā)信,他問(wèn):“Must I stick it on myself?”由于on 不該重讀而重讀了,原意“我自己貼(在信封)上嗎?”卻成了“我得把郵票貼自己身上嗎?”結(jié)果出了洋相。可見(jiàn),正確處理句子重讀絕對(duì)不可忽視。 在連貫的話語(yǔ)中,不可能所有的詞都同樣重要,必須有些詞較為關(guān)鍵,有些詞則相對(duì)次要一些。一般來(lái)說(shuō),關(guān)鍵詞需要重讀,這就是句子的重音,而其他詞則不必重讀?;蛘呖梢哉f(shuō)成:實(shí)詞重讀,虛詞不重讀。 一般需要重讀的詞(實(shí)詞/關(guān)鍵詞):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、疑問(wèn)詞和感嘆詞等。助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞等。另外,人稱(chēng)代詞、連詞、介詞和助動(dòng)詞等一般不重讀,但在特定情景中,也需要重讀。如人稱(chēng)代詞做并列主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需重讀,句首的介詞也需要重讀,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的指示代詞也需要重讀。在聽(tīng)力考試中,句子重音可以幫助考生找到關(guān)鍵詞,并把握住主要意思,正確理解所聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容。一般情況下,在不需要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ饶承﹥?nèi)容時(shí),句子的重音通常落在最后一個(gè)出現(xiàn)的實(shí)詞上,例如:例如:The course was more difficult than she had expected, but she got a lot out of it.譯文:這個(gè)課程比她想象中的難多了,但她還是從中學(xué)會(huì)了很多東西。這個(gè)句子中,只要聽(tīng)到重讀的詞或詞組就不難正確理解句意。(1)courage, more difficult, expected;句子的重音總是要表現(xiàn)說(shuō)話人的思想和他所表達(dá)意思的重點(diǎn),有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),句子中幾乎任何詞都可以有句子重音,包括一些通常沒(méi)有句子重音的詞,這種依說(shuō)話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音。 強(qiáng)調(diào)“wife”,你要告訴我妻子嗎?強(qiáng)調(diào)“my”,你要告訴我的妻子嗎?強(qiáng)調(diào)“you”,你要告訴我的妻子嗎?英語(yǔ)中的句重音練習(xí)視頻語(yǔ)調(diào)是幫助我們表達(dá)各種思想感情的重要途徑,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)的基本類(lèi)型有降調(diào)、升調(diào)和平調(diào)。降調(diào)表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度肯定、意思完整、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立;升調(diào)表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度不肯定、意思不完整、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)不獨(dú)立;平調(diào)一般用于直接引語(yǔ)后面,表述所說(shuō)的話,音高沒(méi)有高低的變化。在意義比較復(fù)雜的句子或意群中,往往結(jié)合了三種基本語(yǔ)調(diào),構(gòu)成升降調(diào)或者降升調(diào),而使語(yǔ)調(diào)變得復(fù)雜。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)比英國(guó)英語(yǔ)更平民化,它的語(yǔ)調(diào)也更趨于自然,較少故意的抑揚(yáng)頓挫;英國(guó)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)則起伏較大。不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)可以表示說(shuō)話人不同的態(tài)度和不同的隱含意思。英語(yǔ)中同一句話采用不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)會(huì)產(chǎn)生截然不同的語(yǔ)意概念。 例如:“yes”,若用降調(diào),表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所回答的問(wèn)題十分確定;若用升調(diào),表示對(duì)問(wèn)題有疑問(wèn)。語(yǔ)調(diào)具有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,它使語(yǔ)言更富有表現(xiàn)力。例如:I have already seen that movie. ↘譯文:這部電影我已經(jīng)看過(guò)了。例如:What has happened to him?↘注意:特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)候用升調(diào)表示請(qǐng)別人重復(fù)剛才他說(shuō)過(guò)的話。A: I graduated from Lanzhou University and majored in mechanical engineering.↘譯文:我畢業(yè)于蘭州大學(xué)工程力學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)。譯文:你說(shuō)你的專(zhuān)業(yè)是什么?例如:Go back to your seat! Now!↘5. 用在選擇疑問(wèn)句中“or”之后的部分:例如:Do you want to drive↗ or walk?↘例如:Do you mind if I sit here?↗注意:一般疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)候也用降調(diào),表示一種不耐煩或者命令的語(yǔ)氣。例如:For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices maked A↗, B↗, C↗, and D↘.譯文:對(duì)于每一個(gè)不完整的句子,都會(huì)給出四個(gè)答案,分別為A、B、C和D.3. 用于陳述句,表示譯文、懷疑、未定、猜測(cè)或期待等。例如:You really want to do it?↗4. 用于置于句首的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句:例如:After dinner↗, I read a magazine and made telephone calls.譯文:晚飯后,我看了一本雜志,還打了幾個(gè)電話。5. 用于并列句的第一個(gè)分詞,表示句子還未說(shuō)完:例如:My fever is gone↗, but I still habe a cough.例如:Excuse me, sir↗. Can you help me↗?例如:Mrs. Smith↗, this is Tom Jones↘.用于直接引語(yǔ)后,表示所說(shuō)的話的具體內(nèi)容。例如:'We are going to Florida,' She said brightly.譯文:她興高采烈地說(shuō):“我們要到佛羅里達(dá)去?!?/span>以上發(fā)音規(guī)律的前提還是你對(duì)每個(gè)音節(jié)的發(fā)音要夠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)~所以,作為中國(guó)人,在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中,一定要去往英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣上靠近。當(dāng)然,要練成如此“英語(yǔ)式”的口語(yǔ)表達(dá),最根本的還是要去注意英語(yǔ)中的連讀和略讀。你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?
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