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1.（2019全國卷Ⅰ）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive      (perform) consistently over a large area.

答案及與解析：to perform  考查動(dòng)詞不定式。該句為 “be + 形容詞 + 不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)，在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語 methods 與謂語動(dòng)詞 perform 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但需用不定式的主動(dòng)式作狀語。

2.（2019全國卷 II）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans         (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 

答案與解析：to retire考查動(dòng)詞不定式。名詞 plan 后接不定式作后置定語。

3.（2019全國卷Ⅲ）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take          (get) there.

答案與解析：to get  考查動(dòng)詞不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題考查it takes + 時(shí)間段 + to do sth. 句型，it 作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。

4.（2019浙江卷）But?some?students?didn’t?want?        (wear)?the?uniform.

答案與解析：to wear考查動(dòng)詞不定式。want 后通常接不定式作賓語。
5. （2018年全國卷 I）You don’t have to run fast or for long         (see) the benefit.

答案與解析：to see考查動(dòng)詞不定式。 根據(jù)句意 “要見到效果，你不必快跑或長時(shí)間地跑”,  to see 作目的狀語。

6.（2018全國卷 II ）Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice          (improve) water quality. 

答案與解析：to improve  考查動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)語境 “改善水質(zhì)” 是 “政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。

7.（2018全國卷 III）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me       (stay) and watch. 

答案與解析：to stay   考查動(dòng)詞不定式。allow sb to do sth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 “允許某人做某事”，因此應(yīng)填 to stay。

8.（2017全國卷 I）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required           (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

答案與解析：to process考查動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)語境“需要它們（脂肪和鹽）來處理食物” 可知，此處應(yīng)用be required to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

9.（2017全國卷 III）But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants          (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

答案與解析：to prove考查動(dòng)詞不定式。want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。

10.（2017浙江卷）Sixteen?years?earlier,?Pahlsson?had?removed?the?diamond?ring?       (cook)?a?meal. 

答案與解析：to cook  考查動(dòng)詞不定式。由語意“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指，去做飯”可知，不定式短語作目的狀語。

1.（2019全國卷Ⅲ） I want my café have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.

答案與解析：have前加to  考查want sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.（2018全國卷Ⅱ）I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.

答案與解析：watching→ watch 考查ask to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.（2018全國卷Ⅲ）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.

答案與解析：take前加to  考查be eager to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.（2017全國卷Ⅱ） When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!

答案與解析：pick前加to  考查invite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

命題分析：動(dòng)詞不定式考查點(diǎn)有：不定式作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語，其中對不定式作狀語的考查是重中之重，對不定式考查的形式主要是主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式。

動(dòng)詞不定式做主語時(shí)的常見句型：

1) It is +n. + to do sth.

例如：

It’s our duty to take good of the old.

照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。

2）It is + adj. + sb. to do sth. 意思是“某人做某事是……”（句中形容詞是kind, nice, clever, wise, honest, stupid, careless等，表示人的性格特征）。

例如：

It’s kind of you to help me.

你幫了我忙，你真好。

3) It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth.意思是“對某人來說做某事是……”（句中形容詞是easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, necessary之類，表示客觀情況）。

例如：

It’s not easy for me to write such an article.對我來說，寫出這樣一篇文章并不容易。

4) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)（某人）某段時(shí)間。

例如：

It took me half an hour to finish the job.我花了半個(gè)小時(shí)把這活干完了。

5）It seems/appears + adj. + to do sth. 

例如：

It seems hard to learn English.學(xué)英語似乎很難。

不定式作表語時(shí)，表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以和主語調(diào)換位置。當(dāng)主語是aim, dream, idea, purpose, step, task, way, wish等時(shí)，表語常用不定式。

例如：

Her wish is to live a happy life.

她的愿望是過幸福生活。

注意：

1）當(dāng)主語部分含有do時(shí)，作表語的不定式要省去to。

例如：

The last thing I want to do is hurt you.

我最不想做的事就是傷害你。

2）當(dāng)to let, to blame作表語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

例如：

The room is to let.

這個(gè)房間要出租。 

1）只跟不定式作賓語的21個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, beg, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, help, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, want, would like, wish。不及物動(dòng)詞aim, fail, happen, hesitate, seem, struggle等，習(xí)慣上也和不定式搭配。

例如：

We managed to get to the airport in time. 我們設(shè)法及時(shí)趕到了機(jī)場。

I happened to have read the book.

我碰巧讀過那本書。

注意：在“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

例如：

I don’t know what to do next. 

我不知道接下來該做什么。

注意：當(dāng)but前面有do時(shí)，but后面的不定式要省去to。

例如：

I had nothing to do but give up.=I could do nothing but give up.我只好放棄。

2）既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞，但意義完全不同的7個(gè)動(dòng)詞：

例如：

You mean to go to college, but you must know that going to college means working hard.

你想上大學(xué)，但是你必須知道上大學(xué)就意味著要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

后跟不定式作賓語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的25個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞：advice, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, drive, elect, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, order, permit, persuade。

例如：

The children asked their parents to take them to the park. 

孩子們要求父母帶他們?nèi)ス珗@。

注意：

1）后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的11個(gè)動(dòng)詞：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make, let。但把這種結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)是，不定式省去的to要添上。

例如：

①The teacher made her stand at the back of the classroom for an hour.

老師讓她在教室后站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

②She was made to stand at the back of the classroom for an hour.

她被要求在教室后站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

2）在“主語+謂語動(dòng)詞（consider, find, feel, make, regard, think）+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（adj.）+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

例如：

Some students feel English hard to learn.

有些學(xué)生覺得英語難學(xué)。

3）介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作，且不定式常常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

例如：

①With such a good teacher to teach us, we are sure to learn English well. 

有這么優(yōu)秀的老師教我們，我們一定會(huì)把英語學(xué)好。

②With so many things to settle, I can’t go on holidays.

有這么多事要處理，我不能去度假。

1)不定式作定語時(shí),常修飾不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot,序數(shù)詞、被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞，形容詞最高級、被形容詞最高級修飾的詞，last、被last修飾的詞，被only, not a修飾的詞以及一些抽象名詞，如：ability, answer, attempt, belief, chance, excuse, fact, idea, promise, way等。

例如：

①He was the first to hand in his homework.他是第一個(gè)交作業(yè)的人。

②I have a lot to do.我有很多事要做。

③I have no chance to go abroad.我沒有機(jī)會(huì)出國。

④He has strong ability to organize.他有很強(qiáng)的組織能力。

2)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，如果和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但和句子的主語是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

例如：

She has nothing to worry about. 

她無憂無慮。

不定式作狀語可表示目的、結(jié)果和原因，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

1）“too +adj.+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“太……而不能……”，動(dòng)詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語。

例如：

He was too nervous to speak.

他緊張得說不出話。

2） “adj./adv. + enough + 動(dòng)詞不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“足以……”，動(dòng)詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語。

例如：

The water is warm enough for the children to swim in.

這水足夠暖，小孩可以在里面游泳。

3） “only/never +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。

例如：

He hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. 

他匆忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走。

4） “in order +動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，既可置于句尾，也可置于句首。如：

We turned off the light in order to save electricity.=In order to save electricity, we turned off the light.為了省電，我們把燈關(guān)了。

5） “so as to+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，只可置于句尾。

例如：

Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes. 

為了避免出錯(cuò)，請檢查一下你的作文。

6）be sorry/ sad/ happy/ glad/ surprised/ disappointed…to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語。

例如：

I’m sorry to hear the news. 

聽到這個(gè)消息，我很難過。

注意：

1）在“主系表+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，作狀語的不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

例如：

The book is difficult to understand.

這本書很難看懂。

2）有些不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常用作插入語。常用來作插入語，表示說話人的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和立場的不定式有：to be exact 確切地說；to be sure毫無疑問；to cut a long story short長話短說；to put it straight直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f；to tell the truth說實(shí)話；to be honest 老實(shí)說；to be brief簡言之；to start/begin with首先；to sum up總之；to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是。

例如：

To begin with, he is honest. 

首先，他很誠實(shí)。

（一）用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空。

1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely            (bring) your work home.

2. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal    (create) special designs.

3. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough      (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

4. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only      (find) it didn’t fit.

5.        (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

6. I can’t attend the party         (hold) at Tom’s home tomorrow.

7. The boy managed      (survive) Wenchuan earthquake.

8. There is nothing more I can try     (persuade) you to stay, so I wish you good luck.

9. I think it my duty         (clean) the room.

10. She seems           (be) angry with me.

（二）下面每小題都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請找出并改正。

1. Energy drinks are not allowed be made in Australia.

2. I haven’t decided whether to going abroad for further study.

3. What you have to do is to obey these rules.

4. Who would you rather have to take charge of the job?

5. I could do nothing but to follow his advice.

6. I have to read the entire book find the information I need.

7. With everything she needed buy, she went to the shop.

8. It is not difficult reach for happiness.

9. Telling your family history is a great way for the young members of your family learn some history.

10. I didn’t mean eat anything but the ice cream looked so good and I couldn’t help trying it.

Key:

（一）1. to bring  2. to create  3. to cool  4. to find  5. To catch  6. to be held  7. to survive  

8. to persuade  9. to clean  10. to be

（二）1. be前加to  2. going→ go  3. 去掉第二個(gè)to  4. 去掉to  5. 去掉to  6. 去掉to  

7. buy前加to  8. reach前加to  9. learn前加to  10. eat前加to