前言

鑒于船舶主管人員對(duì)散貨船備艙經(jīng)驗(yàn)上的欠缺或者知識(shí)的不足，往往可能導(dǎo)致貨艙檢驗(yàn)不通過，延誤裝貨時(shí)間，Off Hire,招致索賠，甚至要承當(dāng)岸上洗艙隊(duì)所花費(fèi)的巨費(fèi)用。所以，本期小海哥和大家一起學(xué)習(xí)散貨船的貨艙清洗程序知識(shí)，希望對(duì)大家會(huì)有啟發(fā)和參考價(jià)值。

Bulk Carrier Hold Cleaning Procedure

Preparing Cargo Holds for loading Grain depends on the previous cargo.

1. Cargo Holds must be thoroughly cleaned and dry and trace of previous cargo in frames, beams, girders, and other structure.

2. There should not be any loose rust and or paint scale anywhere in the Cargo Holds, Bulkheads, upper and lower hopper spaces, underneath of Hatch Covers and tank top.

3. There should not be traces of live & dead insect & weevils.

4. Bilge covers should be cleaned of any cargo residues and have enough drain holes. Bilge cover needs to be grain tight but not watertight.

5. Bilge well should be cleaned of previous cargo dray and odour free.

6. Bilge suction should be operational at all the times.

The following equipment/items necessary for Hold Cleaning:

If the above mentioned items recently supplied to the vessel, the Chief Officer should ensure that the ship’s local junction box current/voltage matches with Hold Cleaning Machine current/voltage. The pressure of the Chemical Spray Pump should be checked. A vessel was delayed for 2 days at the anchorage and missed the Laycan, resulting heavy plenty.

Removal of cargo residue:

Air Blow from top using high pressure air to reach all accessible corners. Cargo to be swept, scrapped & collected in a drum. Attention to be given

• Australian ladder and its platforms and stanchions

• Beams and girders under cross decks

• Frames, beams, girders, and other structure

• Large pipes holding brackets behind the pipes

Ship’s Crew Cleaning and sweeping coal cargo from the hold

Cleaning and sweeping coal cargo from hold

Crew cleaning Cargo Hold @ Sea

Loose Rust & Paint Scale:

• A sharp hand scraper shall be used to take off the peeling rust & paint scale Special attention to following areas:

• Australian ladder and its platforms, hand rails and stanchions

• Australian ladder and its platforms and stanchions

• Beams and girders under cross decks

• Frames, beams, girders, and other structure

• Large pipes holding brackets behind the pipes

• Hatch coamings and under hatch covers

• Booby hatches & cover

Cleaning the Cannel of Hatch Coaming

Tank top loose rust

• Tank top should be free of loose rust and cargo residue

• Any rust which can be scraped by hand scrapers should be removed.

• The tank top should be rinsed with fresh water

Cleanliness of cargo hold bilges

• Hold bilges must be cleaned thoroughly to remove all residue, rust particles and cargo stains etc.

• The filter (Rose Box) must be cleaned thoroughly

• The bilge well sections shall be washed with continuous running of sea water to remove all odour and later rinsed with fresh water.

Cleaning Hold Bilge

Condition of Hold Bilge, Clean & Dry

Condition of Hold Bilge, Clean & Dry

Hold Bilge cover cleaned

Cleaning of Hold

• Use air/water Combi –Gun (also called Tobey Gun) or Maxi-Gun placed on a tri-pod stand/platform or High pressure Machine. The Combi-jet is capable of delivering a water jet over a distance of 30m to 40m, while the Maxi-Gun delivers to range of 60 m to 80 m.

Combi Gun Combi Gun with Hose

Combi Gun placed in Tripod

Ship’s Crew cleaning the Hold with High pressure machine

• Operating the water jet from Cherry Picker (if available) is most effective which should first start from upper platform of Australian ladder for removing all cargo residue from flanges of beams and girders under cross decks.

• Safety of crew when working aloft on these ladders is important specially when working at sea and with ship movement.

• Aluminum extension ladders to be used for reaching upper areas of the holds.

• There are some types of Aluminum light weight ladders available for the ship’s crew to reach high areas for close inspection and cleaning.

• Tower extension ladders with extended platform are the best and most effective.

• After cleaning rinsed the Holds with High pressure fresh water machine.

Fixed High pressure fresh water Machine Portable High pressure Machine

Ship’s crew cleaning the Bulkhead at remote anchorage with Aqua Tuff after discharging Coal

Ship’s Crew washing holds with “High Pressure Jet”

Traces of previous cargo noted, Ship’s crew clearing the cargo as per the order from the Inspector

Traces of previous cargo noted, Ship’s crew clearing the cargo as per the order from the Inspector

No traces of previous cargo, Holds ready for “Grain Loading Inspection”

No traces of previous cargo, Holds ready for “Grain Loading Inspection”

Traces of previous cargo cleaned by “Shore Cleaning Gang”

Cargo Hold cleaned ready for “Hold Inspection”

Cement became solid and hard in between the frames

To avoid cargo residues sticking inside the Holds after cleaned, a thorough cleaning is extremely necessary, more residues removed during dry cleaning, the easier will be chemical washing.

Air blowing is the most effective means of dry cleaning, if the local regulation permits. If the air blowing is not allowed, sweeping can be carried out which will time consuming & less effective.

After dry cleaning, the holds are to be chemically washed with Muriatic Acid/Hydrochloric Acid using designated cleaning kit.

The Chemicals must be applied starting at the hatch coaming and must be on the surface for 15- 30 minutes to allow maximum efficiency but not to dry out. When working with chemical all personnel involved must wear full “Personal Protective Equipment”.

After Chemical washing the holds are to washed with Sea Water and rinsed with Fresh Water (depending on the next cargo).

Shore cleaning gang cleaning the Cargo Hold after discharging Cement

After discharging Cement Clinker, the cleaning procedure will depend on the next Cargo. If the loading “Grain” then the tank tops/upper & lower hopper spaces must be thoroughly swept before washing with chemical, washed with sea water and finally rinsed with Fresh Water.

Condition of cargo Hold after cleaning (ready for loading Grain) after discharging Cement

Bilge Pumping

The Chief Officer should avoid vessels normal bilge pumping for empting holds during cleaning cement residue. A submersible pump should be used to avoid clogging of permanent bilge piping system.

After discharging Coal or pet coke, which leave staining, it is often necessary to use heavy-duty alkaline detergents, which are applied as an emulsion, need time to take effect and are rinsed away with seawater.

Aquatuff High Foam is a heavy alkaline cleaner with good foaming qualities which is specially developed for cargo hold cleaning.

If using chemicals for cleaning, reference should be made to the safe data sheet concerning safety precautions and handling.

Ship’s Crew mopping hatch coaming with chemical cleaner and washing with fresh water

Ship’s Crew cleaning tank top with chemical cleaner, mopping and brushing thoroughly

While disposing Cargo residues and Wash down water, the Chief should ensure that MARPOL 73/78 are strictly followed.

Discharge Restrictions

If the cargo is not considered to be harmful, residues (irrelevant of whether they are in wash water or sweepings) can be disposed at sea as long as the vessel is not in a special area, the vessel is en route and at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land. Discharge of HME cargo residues in any form is prohibited. Irrespective of the classification of the cargo residue, wash water containing cleaning agents considered to be harmful should be treated as any other HME residue. It should be noted that dust on external surfaces from cargo operations is not classified as a residue but should be removed and disposed with due regard to local rules.

Under the same rules that restrict disposal at sea, port facilities are encouraged to provide adequate reception facilities based on the number and type of ships that call there. It therefore goes that facilities handling HME bulk cargoes should be prepared to receive cargo residues and wash water: vessels encountering difficulties discharging same should inform their flag States accordingly. The reporting document ‘Inadequacies of Port Reception Facilities’4, ensures that the necessary information is captured.

IMO Special Areas for Annex V:

Mediterranean Sea

Red Sea

Baltic Sea

“Gulfs” area

Black Sea

North Sea

Antarctic area (south of latitude 60° south)

Wider Caribbean region (including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea

Practical Measures

In view of the practicalities and potential costs of dealing with cargo residues, it is economically advantageous to first limit the amount of residues left onboard. Removal of as much of the cargo remnants as possible will reduce workload, cleaning costs and, where residues are considered harmful, difficulties that could be encountered with storage. To minimise residues every effort should be made to discharge all of the cargo, this will require good cooperation and communication between ships staff and the shore workers:

• Cargo spillage on deck and on hatch covers should be swept and stowed/discharged with cargo in the holds

• Cargo should be freed from areas where it may become have trapped (overhangs, ladders, platforms etc.) during the discharge process

• Holds should be shovel cleaned and thoroughly swept by stevedores/ crew and residues discharged ashore with the remaining cargo.

Discharge to reception facility

Each effected shipping company/vessel should include a section within their SMS, detailing the necessary procedures for disposing of wash water containing HME. This must include how the wash water generated will be removed from the hold being cleaned.

It is quite probable that the ships bilge system is not designed or approved for removing the contaminated wash water. In this case, portable pumps and hoses may have to be used.

If discharge is planned to be direct to a reception barge, pre planning should consider the best position for making fast the barge.

Consideration must then be given to updating the vessels anti-pollution planning. Specifically with regard to the rupture of any flexible hoses used in the transferring of wash water.

If cleaning is conducted concurrent with discharge operations, robust isolation standards must be used to prevent contamination of the cargo in other holds with the wash water generated. For example, through connected bilge system piping.

If wash-water is to be retained on-board, it should be ensured that the specified retention tank has classification society approval for the carriage of wash-water. This may also be the case with any fixed infrastructure intended to be used, for example bilge lines and pumps.

Retention on board will be required if reception facilities do not exist or if washing has to be conducted during a ballast voyage.

Conclusion

All cargo residues and hold wash water must be disposed of in line with the revised MARPOL Annex V requirements and practical steps should be taken to minimise residues during loading and discharge operations. Appropriate cleaning agents should be used and their disposal considered in advance.

Cargoes considered to be harmful to the marine environment should be treated with extra care and the resulting restrictions considered prior to fixing a charter. Onboard, all necessary steps should be taken to ensure that residues and wash water are discharged ashore. If in doubt, contact your P&I Club for advice.

• Ship’s crew completed a very quick salt water wash.

• No chemical wash was undertaken.

• No hard scraping of the bulkhead was completed.

• Staining from the previous cargo.

• Cargo dust residues

• Deposits of previous cargoes in hard to reach places, flaking paint and scale.

• Vessels calling on ports in Canada and the United States must be free of Asian gypsy moth.

• Thoroughly inspect your vessel before entering U.S. and Canadian ports to avoid delays.

• Moths will lay eggs on all vessel surfaces as well as cargo.

• Search for, remove and destroy all egg masses.

Look for moths while calling on ports in China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Russia (Far East region).

Search for egg masses.

Find egg masses and scrape off.

Destroy egg masses in alcohol, boiling water or by incinerating them.

Do not paint over egg masses

Limit unnecessary lighting on the vessel because moths are attracted to lights.