2020年英語聽說考首考將在2019年12月21日開始,距離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)只剩不到一個(gè)月的時(shí)間了。北京中考在線團(tuán)隊(duì)在考試來臨之前,為大家收集整理了英語考試中常見的短語和固定句式,供參考!
1. live讀作【laiv】時(shí),意為“活的”,或者“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播”,一般作定語,在句中一般只修飾物,不修飾人。 例如:Don't touch it. It's a live snake. 2. lively意為“生氣勃勃的,(色彩)鮮艷的”,常作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,既可指人,又可指物。 例如:The lecture is very lively. 3. living可作形容詞,意為“活著的,現(xiàn)存的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)說明“健在”,常作表語或定語,多用于指物,也可指人。 例如:The old woman is still living. 4. alive意為“活著的”,側(cè)重生與死之間的界限,常作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或后置定語,多用于指人,也可指物。 例如:She was alive when they took her to the hospital.
1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義 英語中有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 例如:Many people speak English. (主動(dòng)語態(tài),謂語speak這一動(dòng)作是由many people來執(zhí)行的) English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語English是speak這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者) 2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。 3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 當(dāng)說話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,可以使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果需要在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)一般用介詞by引出。 例如:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) ①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(動(dòng)作承受者)+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)+其他部分。助動(dòng)詞be隨人稱、數(shù)的變化而變化。 例如:The desk is made by him. Bananas are produced in Hainan. ②主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要做如下變動(dòng): step1:主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語; step2:主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞; step3:主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~“by”的賓語,組成介詞短語,放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞之后。若動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),by組成的短語可省略; step4:主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。 主動(dòng)句:主語+謂語+賓語 Most middle school students play football. 被動(dòng)句:主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+賓語 Football is played by most middle school students. ③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化:
1. 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
2. 含有使役動(dòng)詞(make/let/have)或感官動(dòng)詞(hear/see等)的句子,在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,to需要再加上。help在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中to可加可不加,但被動(dòng)語態(tài)中一定要加。 例如:The baby was made to laugh at last. He was seen to run into the classroom by his classmates. 1. It's + 形容詞 + (for sb.) to do sth,意為“(對(duì)某人來說)做某事是...的”,其中it作形式主語,句子的真正主語是不定式短語to do。句中的形容詞是描述動(dòng)詞不定式的,這類形容詞有:important,necessary,easy,difficult等。 例如:It is hard for me to finish my homework today. 2. It's + 形容詞 + of sb to do sth.意為“某人做某事是…的”,此句式中的形容詞描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的,這類形容詞有:polite,nice,kind,good,friendly等。此句式可以改為sb. be +形容詞+ to do sth. 例如:It is nice of you to help me. You are nice to help me. 1. 肯定句式 主語 + will/be going to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+ by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者) 例如:The apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow. The sports meeting is going to be held next week. 2. 否定句式 主語 + will not/isn't going to/aren't going to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者) 例如:The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow. The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week. 3. 一般疑問句式 Will + 主語 + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)? Is/Are + 主語 + going to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者) 例如:Will the apple trees be planted by us tomorrow? Is the sports meeting going to be held next week? which引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常用來修飾物,which在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語時(shí)通??墒÷?。 例如:The building which is the oldest is our school. (作主語) This is the book (which) you want.(作賓語) The house (which) we live in is not large.(作賓語) 【注意】 1. 介詞后面的which不能省略。 例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞之后,不能放在which之前。例如:This is the watch which he is looking for. 2. who引導(dǎo)的定語從句用來修飾人,who在從句中作主語(口語中也可作賓語),作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語時(shí)通??墒÷?。 例如:This is the man who helped me.(作主語) The boy (who) we saw yesterday is John’ s brother.(作賓語) 【助記】定語從句的關(guān)系詞 定語從句其奇妙,關(guān)系代(副)詞來引導(dǎo) 物用 which人用who,人物均有that顧。 【拓展】當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),我們可用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句,但下列情況宜用that引導(dǎo)定語從句: ①先行詞為all,few,little,much,the one,something,anything,everything,nothing等時(shí)。 例如:We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered animals and plants. ②先行詞本身是形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 例如:This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen. ③當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。 例如:Mary took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. ④先行詞被 the only,the very,the last 等修飾時(shí)。 例如:This is the only paining in this style that we have. ⑤主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。 例如:Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster? |
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