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每天早上9:10準(zhǔn)時(shí)推送  整體概念梳理 基本知識(shí)：用Python和Tkinter設(shè)計(jì)煙花from PIL import Image, ImageTk from time import time, sleep from random import choice, uniform, randint from math import sin, cos, radians root.mainloop() 將煙花綻放轉(zhuǎn)譯成代碼particles 類 粒子在空中隨機(jī)生成隨機(jī)，變成一個(gè)圈、下墜、消失 屬性: - id: 粒子的id - x, y: 粒子的坐標(biāo) - vx, vy: 在坐標(biāo)的變化速度 - total: 總數(shù) - age: 粒子存在的時(shí)長 - color: 顏色 - cv: 畫布 - lifespan: 最高存在時(shí)長 class part: def __init__(self, cv, idx, total, explosion_speed, x=0., y=0., vx = 0., vy = 0., size=2., color = red , lifespan = 2, **kwargs): self.id = idx self.x = x self.y = y self.initial_speed = explosion_speed self.vx = vx self.vy = vy self.total = total self.age = 0self.color = color self.cv = cv self.cid = self.cv.create_oval( x - size, y - size, x + size, y + size, fill=self.color) self.lifespan = lifespan # 粒子膨脹if self.alive() and self.expand(): move_x = cos(radians(self.id*360/self.total))*self.initial_speed move_y = sin(radians(self.id*360/self.total))*self.initial_speed self.vx = move_x/(float(dt)*1000) self.vy = move_y/(float(dt)*1000) self.cv.move(self.cid, move_x, move_y) # 以自由落體墜落 elif self.alive(): move_x = cos(radians(self.id*360/self.total)) # we technically don t need to update x, y because move will do the job self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx + move_x, self.vy+GRAVITY*dt) self.vy += GRAVITY*dt # 如果粒子的生命周期已過，就將其移除 elif self.cid is not None: cv.delete(self.cid) self.cid = None def expand (self): return self.age <= 1.2 # 檢查粒子是否仍在生命周期內(nèi) def alive(self): return self.age <= self.lifespan 使用Tkinter模擬現(xiàn)在我們將粒子的移動(dòng)概念化，不過很明顯，一個(gè)煙花不能只有一個(gè)粒子，一場煙花秀也不能只有一個(gè)煙花。我們下一步就是讓Python和Tkinter以我們可控的方式向天上連續(xù)“發(fā)射”粒子。# 為所有模擬煙花綻放的全部粒子創(chuàng)建一列列表 for point in range(numb_explode): objects = [] x_cordi = randint(50,550) y_cordi = randint(50, 150) size = uniform (0.5,3) color = choice(colors) explosion_speed = uniform(0.2, 1) total_particles = randint(10,50) for i in range(1,total_particles): r = part(cv, idx = i, total = total_particles, explosion_speed = explosion_speed, x = x_cordi, y = y_cordi, color=color, size = size, lifespan = uniform(0.6,1.75)) objects.append(r) explode_points.append(objects) # 在1.8秒時(shí)間幀內(nèi)保持更新 while total_time < 1.8: sleep(0.01) tnew = time() t, dt = tnew, tnew - t for point in explode_points: for part in point: part.update(dt) cv.update() total_time += dt root = tk.Tk() cv = tk.Canvas(root, height=600, width=600) # 繪制一個(gè)黑色背景 cv.create_rectangle(0, 0, 600, 600, fill='black') cv.pack() root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close) # 在1秒后才開始調(diào)用stimulate() root.after(100, simulate, cv) root.mainloop()  from PIL import Image, ImageTk from time import time, sleep from random import choice, uniform, randint from math import sin, cos, radians # 模擬重力 GRAVITY = 0.05 # 顏色選項(xiàng)（隨機(jī)或者按順序） colors = [ red , blue , yellow , white , green , orange , purple , seagreen , indigo , cornflowerblue ] particles 類 粒子在空中隨機(jī)生成隨機(jī)，變成一個(gè)圈、下墜、消失 屬性: - id: 粒子的id - x, y: 粒子的坐標(biāo) - vx, vy: 在坐標(biāo)的變化速度 - total: 總數(shù) - age: 粒子存在的時(shí)長 - color: 顏色 - cv: 畫布 - lifespan: 最高存在時(shí)長 class Particle: def __init__(self, cv, idx, total, explosion_speed, x=0., y=0., vx=0., vy=0., size=2., color= red , lifespan=2, **kwargs): self.id = idx self.x = x self.y = y self.initial_speed = explosion_speed self.vx = vx self.vy = vy self.total = total self.age = 0self.color = color self.cv = cv self.cid = self.cv.create_oval( x - size, y - size, x + size, y + size, fill=self.color) self.lifespan = lifespan def update(self, dt): self.age += dt # 粒子范圍擴(kuò)大 if self.alive() and self.expand(): move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed move_y = sin(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed self.cv.move(self.cid, move_x, move_y) self.vx = move_x / (float(dt) * 1000) # 以自由落體墜落 elif self.alive(): move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) # we technically don t need to update x, y because move will do the job self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx + move_x, self.vy + GRAVITY * dt) self.vy += GRAVITY * dt # 移除超過最高時(shí)長的粒子 elif self.cid is not None: cv.delete(self.cid) self.cid = None # 擴(kuò)大的時(shí)間 def expand (self): return self.age <= 1.2 # 粒子是否在最高存在時(shí)長內(nèi) def alive(self): return self.age <= self.lifespan 循環(huán)調(diào)用保持不停 def simulate(cv): t = time() explode_points = [] wait_time = randint(10, 100) numb_explode = randint(6, 10) # 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)所有粒子同時(shí)擴(kuò)大的二維列表 for point in range(numb_explode): objects = [] x_cordi = randint(50, 550) y_cordi = randint(50, 150) speed = uniform(0.5, 1.5) size = uniform(0.5, 3) color = choice(colors) explosion_speed = uniform(0.2, 1) total_particles = randint(10, 50) for i in range(1, total_particles): r = Particle(cv, idx=i, total=total_particles, explosion_speed=explosion_speed, x=x_cordi, y=y_cordi, vx=speed, vy=speed, color=color, size=size, lifespan=uniform(0.6, 1.75)) objects.append(r) explode_points.append(objects) total_time = .0 # 1.8s內(nèi)一直擴(kuò)大 while total_time < 1.8: sleep(0.01) tnew = time() t, dt = tnew, tnew - t for point in explode_points: for item in point: item.update(dt) cv.update() total_time += dt # 循環(huán)調(diào)用 root.after(wait_time, simulate, cv) def close(*ignore): '''退出程序、關(guān)閉窗口''' global root root.quit() if __name__ == __main__ : root = tk.Tk() cv = tk.Canvas(root, height=400, width=600) # 選一個(gè)好看的背景會(huì)讓效果更驚艷！ image = Image.open('./image.jpg') photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image) cv.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor= nw ) cv.pack() root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close) root.after(100, simulate, cv) root.mainloop() |
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