基本句型

《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（2017年版）規(guī)定，簡(jiǎn)單句有八種基本句型，其它各種句型均由此八種轉(zhuǎn)換、縮略或擴(kuò)展而成。這八種句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：

1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”，其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

They walked and laughed.

The sun is shining.

2. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”。如：

They are neighbors.

The dish smells good.

3. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”，其謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞。如：

Jenny will buy some books.

Jeff is answering the call.

4. 主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”，其謂語(yǔ)是可跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。如：

Alex gave his sister the piano.

Mary handed me a letter.

5. 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”，其謂語(yǔ)是可跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。如：

I found the book easy.

They called their daughter Amy.

6. 主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”。如：

The children stayed in the room.

Anna left yesterday afternoon.

7. 主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu)，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”。如：

You can put the dish here.

They visited their grandmother last Sunday.

8. 存現(xiàn)句（也稱“There be 結(jié)構(gòu)”），即“There + be +主語(yǔ)+其它”。注：除be 外，sound, look, seem,appear, lie, stand等，也可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

There is a dictionary on the table.

There seems to be something wrong with me.

【小試牛刀】 寫出下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型。

1. Everybody smiled. ________________

2. The car caught fire. ________________

3. Did the milk turn sour? ________________

4. He bought his wife a dress. ________________

5. Are there any gardens in the town? ________________

6. Roy found his new job rather boring. ________________

7. Your brother got up at 10 o'clock. ________________

8. I haven't seen Daniel for long. ________________