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Review: 英語句子的種類有兩種，按句子的用途可分為陳述、疑問、祈使和感嘆句四種。 而按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1）簡單句 主語+謂語 主語+謂語+賓語 主語+系動詞+表語 主語+謂語+間賓+直賓 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ) 2）并列句 簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句 3) 復(fù)合句 主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句 判斷下列句子是簡單句，并列句，還是復(fù)合句？ 1.He often reads English in the morning. 2.You help him and he helps you. 3.My suggestion is that we should study step by step. 4.Both Tom and Mike are American boys. 5.He said that he has known all before. 復(fù)合句：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句 定語從句 【定義】起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。 名詞性從句 1、主語從句 2、賓語從句 3、表語從句 4、同位語從句 在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個句子就叫__名詞性從句__。 【定義】起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。 換言之，在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個句子來充當(dāng)，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。 關(guān)聯(lián)學(xué)習(xí)： Related Conception (相關(guān)概念) 表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。 The boy is Li Ming.主語：The boy 名詞，表語：Li Ming 名詞 Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English . 主語：Miss. Liang 同位語：a 24-year-old girl 賓語： English 名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。 1. The boy is Li Ming. 2. What he said is correct. 在句中充當(dāng)主語的從句叫做主語從句。例如2. 用it作形式主語的主語從句 如果主語從句太長，為了避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，可以用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。 It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday. It is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite into orbit. It dose't matter whether he is wrong or not. 3. We love peace. 【名詞作賓語】 4. He said that he has known all before.【從句作賓語】 在句中充當(dāng)及物動詞或介詞或be+adj.后賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。 We always mean what we say.我們向來說話算數(shù)。 He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. He is confident that he will win. 某些表示心理狀態(tài)的形容詞在句中作表語時，后面可跟賓語從句。 It 作形式賓語 it 不僅可以作形式主語，還可以作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的that從句放在句尾，特別是用在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 I think it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea. I think it best that you should seek for a solution to the problem. 在口語或非正式文體中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that ?？墒÷?。但形式賓語it后面的that 不能省略。 5. You are a student. 【名詞作表語】 6. The fact is that she never knew the secret.【從句作表語】 在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在be動詞后面)叫做表語從句。 注意： The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital. 其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句 because ,as,as if,as though等也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。 Things are not as they seem to be. 事情并不是像它們表面上看起來那樣。 I think it is because you are too serious. He felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago. 7.Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English .【名詞作同位語】 8.The news that our team had won made us happy. 【從句作同位語】 在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句. 其用途是對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明 該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞 通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。 【練習(xí)】請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句： 1.What I want to do is to go shopping.【主語從句】 2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school.【同位語從句】 3. I don’t think that he is an honest boy.【賓語從句】 4. The fact is that he stole the car.【表語從句】 5. The problem is what we should do next.【表語從句】 6. The news that he couldn’t come makes us upset.【同位語從句】 7. Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.【表語從句】 8. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?【同位語從句】 試區(qū)分以下定語從句和同位語從句： Do you know the fact that he stole the car?【同位語從句】 解釋：句子是完整的，that 只是一個連接詞 Do you know the fact that they were talking about?【定語從句】 解釋：定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，句子是不完整的。 一、定語和同位語從句相同點： 1. 都跟在名詞后； 2. 都可以翻譯成 “…的” The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞?！就徽Z從句】 The news that you told us is really encouraging. 你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞?！径ㄕZ從句】 二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處 1、含義不同：同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋說明，知道具體內(nèi)容，指同一件事（可以劃等號）；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞，不知道具體內(nèi)容。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。） 2、引導(dǎo)詞 區(qū)別：同位語從句中，that：無成分，用于肯定句； 定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 e.g. 1）Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。） I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences說出下列從句的功能：A: Appositive（同位語）; B: Attributive（定語） 1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.[ A] 2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.[ A] 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.[B] 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?[A] 5. Is this the company where your father works?[B] 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.[B] 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.[ A] 引導(dǎo)詞 從屬連詞（3個）：that 、if、 whether 連接代詞 （9個）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、 連接副詞（4個）：when、 why、where、 how 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（1）： 從句中的每一個引導(dǎo)詞都有3個功能，分別如下: 1.從屬連詞: “that”---無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用 “if”--- “是否”、不作成份、起連接作用 “whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用 2.“that”---無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用 1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain .【主語從句】 2、The fact is that Beijing will hold 29th Olympic Games this year.【表語從句】 3、I know that well begun is half done . 【賓語從句】 4、He heard the news that Liuxiang set a new world record .【同謂語從句】 “whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用 1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 【主語從句】 2、The problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice . 【表語從句】 3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor .【賓語從句】 4、Could you tell me the question whether English is useful for us now. 【同謂語從句】 If與whether的區(qū)別： If 只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。 請思考： 1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、I asked him whether he could do me a favor . 1、It depends on weather if she will come back on time . 2、I asked him if he could do me a favor . If與whether的區(qū)別： 1、If 只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。 2、whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，不用if 。 3、whether or not 連在一起可以，但if不可以。而“whether-----or not = if -----or not” 請用if / whether填空： 1、I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe. 4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not. 5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well. 6. The question is _________ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon. 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（2）： *連接代詞 *“who”---“誰”、作主語、起連接作用 *“whom”---“誰”、作賓語、起連接作用 *“what”---“事情”、作主表賓、起連接作用 * “which”---“哪----”、作定語、起連接作用 * “whose”---“誰的”、作定語、起連接作用 ★舉例： “who”---“誰”、作主語、起連接作用 ★1、Who will go to the college is still uncertain . 【主語從句】 ★2、The trouble is who could lend me some money .【表語從句】 ★ 3、He want to know who picked up his mobile phone .【賓語從句】 ★“whom”---“誰”、作賓語、起連接作用 ★1、Whom you will learn from is worth thinking over . 【主語從句】 ★2、The thing I am anxious about is whom he will turn to for help .【表語從句】 ★3、His mother asked him whom he could believe in .【賓語從句】 ★“what”---“事情”、作 主 表 賓語、起連接作用 ★1、What I desire to get is a good reputation . 【主語從句】 ★2、What he will tell me is what I have been expecting to know .【表語從句】 ★3、They agree with what I said just now . 【賓語從句】 ★“which”---“哪---”、作定語、起連接作用 ★1、Which class is suitable for us isn’t most important . ★2、What he wants to ask you now is which team won the game . ★3、Could you tell me which one is right . ★“whose”---“誰的”、作定語、起連接作用 ★1、Whose bag was the most beautiful is still unknown now . ★2、The question is whose friends could lend me a hand . ★3、I want to know whose suggestion is more practical . 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（3）： 連接代詞 “whoever”-- “-----的任何人”、作主語、 “whomever”-- “-----的任何人”、作賓語、 “whatever”-- “----的任何東西”、作主表賓語、 “whichever”--- “無論哪個或哪些---”、作定語、 舉例: ★“whoever”-- “---的任何人”、作主語、起連接作用 ★1、Whoever could solve the problem will be rewarded . ★2、The person I will praise is whoever could work out the question . ★3、You should appreciate whoever helped you in the past . ★“whomever”--- “---的任何人”、作賓語、起連接作用 ★1、Whomever you will meet in the meeting is excellent . ★2、The person I could depend on is whomever you believe in . ★3、You should learn from whomever I praised yesterday . ★“whatever”-- “--的任何東西”、作主表賓語、 ★1、Whatever you did in the past was very meaningful . ★2、What we should do is whatever is worth doing . ★3、We should do whatever is worth doing . ★“whichever”-- “--的哪些或哪個”、作定語 ★1、Whichever team win the game is possible . ★2、The fact is whichever teacher could help you learn English well . ★3、You could choose whichever book you want . 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（4）： 連接副詞 “when”-- “什么時候”、作狀語、起連接作用 “where”-- “什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用 “why”---- “為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用 “how”----- “如何”、作狀語、起連接作用 “when”-- “什么時候”、作狀語、起連接作用 1、When the meeting will begin isn’t decided now . [主語從句] 2、The trouble is when he could recover from the disease .[表語從句] 3、He asked us when we would graduate from the school .[賓語從句] “where”-- “什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用 1、Where I could buy the book is uncertain now .[主語從句] 2、His question was where we would hold the opening ceremony .[表語從句] 3、I couldn’t tell you where they have been living .[賓語從句] “why”-- “為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用 1、Why he killed himself is still a secret now .[主語從句] 2、What surprised me was why they failed again . [表語從句] 3、I just want to ask you why I was fired . [賓語從句] “how”---- “如何”、作狀語、起連接作用 1、How the thief stole the bike is still a mystery .[主語從句] 2、What the professor asked us was how we could make our parents happy . [表語從句] 3、I will go to ask my teacher how I could work out the problem .[賓語從句] 用that / what填空： 1.______ he wants is a book. 2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is ______ we won the game. 4.This is _____ we want to know. 5.Is _____ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _____ he will come. 8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon. ---Keys: 1 What 2 That 3 that 4 what 5 What 6 what 7 that 8 what 名詞性從句練習(xí)50題： 1.___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B. Whether C .That D. Where 3.___ is known to us all is that America is a developed country____the First World. A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to 4. It’s known to us all ___ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray. A That B. while C. what D. when 6.What I say and think ___ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have 7. ____made the school proud was ____more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What / because B . What / that C .That / what D. That / because 8.___she couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A .What / why B .That / what C .What / because D. Why / that 9. He is absent from school . It is __ he was punished! A. why B. because C. that D. the reason |
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來自： 昵稱64549426 > 《高考技巧》
