Learning aims: 1. 關(guān)系副詞where/when/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

2. 介詞+which/whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

在定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞主要有3個(gè)：when, where和why.

1）when 在定語從句中表時(shí)間，作狀語，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。

I can’t forget the night when I came to the farm.

翻譯：__________________________________________________

2)where在定語從句中表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語，其先行詞通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 situation, case, condition, point等表示抽象意義的名詞。

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

翻譯：____________________________________________________

The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.

翻譯：____________________________________________________

3) why在定語從句中表示原因，作狀語，先行詞一般是reason.

That is the reason why I did so. 翻譯：___________________________

I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

翻譯：_____________________________________________________

【注意】

1)并非先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞就用when, where 或why;若定語從句中不缺狀語而缺主語或賓語則須用which或 that引導(dǎo)定語從句。

I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together.

I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together.

Do you know the reason ______he failed in the exam this time?

The reason _____he gave me was reasonable.

2) when, where, why,引導(dǎo)的定語從句可用“介詞+which”來替換。其介詞可根據(jù)先行詞和定語從句中的謂語動詞來判斷。

A. when相當(dāng)于at/in/on/during等+which.

The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984.

翻譯：

B. where相當(dāng)于at/in/on/等+which

The house in which he lived is a library now.

翻譯：

C. why相當(dāng)于for+which.

Is that the reason for which he was absent from class?

翻譯：

2. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which, whom）引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1) 介詞+which 在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語，相當(dāng)于when, where, why.(上邊已經(jīng)講述)

2) 介詞+which/whom, 關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語，這是我們學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的常考點(diǎn)。which指物，whom指人。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵, 可根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞來選擇介詞。也可根據(jù)從句的相關(guān)動詞來選用。

This is the professor from whom I have learnt a lot.

翻譯：

Have you see the pen with which I write my homework.

翻譯：

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.

翻譯：

【注意】在日常英語中通常把介詞放在從句的句末，省略關(guān)系詞which/whom

This is the professor (whom/that) I have learned a lot from.

This is the camera (which/that) he often takes photos with.

【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】

1）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選取必須遵循“一先；二動；三意義”的原則。即：

a.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配而定；

b.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配而定；

c.根據(jù)整句話的意義而定。

2)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選擇應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問題：

a.有的介詞時(shí)定語從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開的結(jié)果，用什么介詞由從句的動詞決定。

He is the boy who / whom I was talking to. =He is the boy to whom I was talking.

翻譯：

b.有的介詞是根據(jù)句意添加上去的，即用什么介詞由先行詞決定。

He employed 30 men, of whom 12 were from his hometown.

翻譯：

c.定語從句中的詞組若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不拆開。

The baby who/whom my sister takes care of is very lovely.

翻譯：

【誤區(qū)警示】：當(dāng)定語從句的動詞和介詞是不可分割的固定搭配時(shí)，介詞不能放到關(guān)系介詞之前。

當(dāng)堂檢測

1. — We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.

—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.

A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．where D.what

2. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.

A. where B. which C. why D. when

3. There are moments_______ we remember our childhood days with fondness, embarrassment, regret or mixed feelings.

A. when B. that C. which D. Where

4. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which

5. -----How about your job-hunting？

-----No luck．Now，I’ve reached the stage ________I don’t care what I do．

A. which B．where C．when D. that

6. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

7. I can think of many cases ________the media have a strong effect on young men.

A. why B. where C. as D. which

8. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___ she needed to decide what to do

A. that B. what C. which D. where

9. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.

A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which

10.Lisa, I guess we’d better fix a navigational（導(dǎo)航儀）to the car_____ we can find our way easily.

A. which B.that C.from which D.with which

11. In English class, our teacher often creates an environment ______we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves.

A. when B.which C.where D. that

12. A turning point for the continuously high housing price won’t appear suddenly because there must be a certain process______ many factors lead to the change.

A. which B. what C. where D. that

13. We have spotted the location, ______we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.

A. that B. what C. which D.where

14. ---When did the young man save you?

----January 1st, 2000, the first day of the new century, _______I can never forget.

A.when B which C.that D.where

15. I've read all the books _______you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that

16. There isn't much _______I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how

17. Tell us about the people and the places _______are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom

18. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that

19. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _______a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where

20.Is this the museum_______ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

21.I began to work in Beijing in the year _______New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where

22. There is no difficulty _______can't be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what

23. Who is the person _______is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom

定語從句學(xué)案答案

1.1） 我不能忘記我來農(nóng)場的那晚。

2）我父親工作的工廠在城市西部。

這個(gè)國家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。

3）這是我這么做的原因。

我不知道他昨天為什么沒來學(xué)校。

【注意】

1）when; which; why; why

2)A. 他入黨的日期是1984年7月1日。

B．他住過的那棟房子現(xiàn)在是圖書館了。

C．那就是他曠課的原因嗎？

當(dāng)堂檢測

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D9.D 10. D 11.c 12.c 13.c 14 B 15.D

16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.A 21 A 22 A 23 B