課程安排

· 作業(yè)講評

· 中考詞匯聽寫

· 知識點回顧

· 課堂練習

一、現(xiàn)在完成時含義

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。

e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。)

Jane has laid the table.(含義是：已可以吃飯了。)

Michael has been ill. (含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。)

He has returned from abroad. (含義是：現(xiàn)在已在此地)

二、現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)與句型

助動詞have /has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have 。

句型： 1、肯定句：主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。

I have studied English for 5 years .

2、否定句：主語+have /has+not +動詞過去分詞+其他。

We haven’t been there .

3、一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？

Has he eaten that apple ?

4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？

Where have you been to recently?

三、現(xiàn)在完成時用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for, since連用。

e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

2、現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：

e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

3、現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：

e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

4、現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。

e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.

Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

There has been too much rain this year.

The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.

Up to the present everything has been successful.

5、現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動作, 雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù), 但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，在后面加上for+一段時間，則現(xiàn)在完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性。

E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (現(xiàn)在不再學俄語)

Thomas has studied Russian for three years.

(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)

6、現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作。

e.g. We have had four texts this semester.

現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語：

★already通常用于肯定句中，意為“已經(jīng)”，位于行為動詞之前, be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：

We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you finished it already？

★yet用于疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”；用于否定句中，表示“還(沒)”。例如：

—Has he found his watch yet？他還沒找到他的表嗎？

—No, not yet. 是, 還沒有。

★ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于疑問句或否定句中，位于助動詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如：

Have you ever been there？你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎？

Nothing has ever happened here. 這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事。

★never意為“（曾經(jīng)）從未、沒有”, 是否定副詞，在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當于never。例如：

I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。

★just意為“剛剛”, 用于現(xiàn)在完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。

e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學?；貋?。

★ just now意為“剛才”, 表示過去某時, 用于一般過去時, 位于句首或句尾均可。

e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學?；貋怼?/p>

★for 和since的用法及區(qū)別。for 與一段時間連用，since 與時間點連用。

注意：since 后接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。

e.g.

I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.

★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別:

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來

have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過, 人已經(jīng)回來了

have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在…, 常與一段時間連用

e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎？

但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao?

難點：瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：

He has come here for 2 weeks. ×

The old man has died for 4 months. ×

They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

以上三句話可以改為：

He has been here for 2 weeks.

The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.

They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.

常見非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化形式：

1、用相應的延續(xù)性動詞或者近義詞；

　buy ------ have, borrow ----- keep, put on ------ wear,

catch/get a cold ------ have a cold, come/go/become ------ be.

2、轉(zhuǎn)換成 be＋名詞;

join the Party ------ be a Party member,

join the army ------ be a soldier,

go to school ------ be a student.

3、轉(zhuǎn)換成be + 介詞短語 :

go to school ------ be in school,

join the army ------ be in the army.

4、轉(zhuǎn)換成be + adj.:

die ------ be dead, open——be open, get married-------be married , close ------ be closed

5、轉(zhuǎn)換成be + adv. :

begin/start ------ be on, leave (…) ------ be away (from), go——be away

finish ------ be over, come/arrive——be here come back——be back

現(xiàn)在完成時的兩個常用句型及since和for的用法

1．現(xiàn)在完成時常用于下面兩個句型中。

1)在有序數(shù)詞及the only構(gòu)成的這一句型中，用現(xiàn)在完成時。

It the first, the last

is+序數(shù)詞 +名詞+(that)+現(xiàn)在完成時

This the only

It (This) is the second time that we've met each other.這是我們第二次見面。

It (This) is the only book that he has ever written.這是他寫的唯一的一本書。

2)在有形容詞最高級構(gòu)成的這一句型中，用現(xiàn)在完成時。

It the best, the worst

is+最高級 +名詞+(that)+現(xiàn)在完成時

This the most interesting

It is the best film that I've ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。

This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的書。

2．since的三種用法。

①過去的時間點(a point of time in the past)

since+ ②一段時間(a period of time)+ago

③從句（謂語用非持續(xù)性動詞的過去時）

He has taught English at this school since 1993. 1993年以來，他一直在這學校教英語。

I haven't seen him since three years ago. 3年來我一直沒見過他。

Great changes have taken place here since you left.你離開以來，這兒發(fā)生了巨大變化。

小練習

1) — How long_____________ you_____________ the bicycle?

— About two weeks.

A. have; had B. have; bought C. did; buy D. have; get

2) — Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?

— No, I______________ it for two years.

A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought

3) The foreign guests_____________ here almost a week.

A. have arrived B. have been C. have reached D. have got

4) Professor Li______________ back from the United States for over two months.

A. has come B. has been C. had come D. came

5) John got sick last January and_______________ in bed since then.

A. was B. has been C. had been D. would be

6) My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him______________________ .

A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on

C. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago

【Keys】

2. 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) D

四、過去完成時

（一）過去完成時的概念

過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，即過去的過去。圖示如下：

----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->

過去完成　 過去 現(xiàn)在 將來

（二）構(gòu)成

1、肯定句：主語+had＋過去分詞

When we got there, the football match had already started.

2、否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞

He hadn’t worked for two years by then.

3、疑問句：had+主語+過去分詞…？

Had he finished the work by last month?

（三）用法

1、過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài); 句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。

e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.

2、過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。例如：

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如：

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

4、在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

5、by the time “直到……時候”。指從過去某一點到從句所示的時間為止的一段時間。如：

By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.

6、表示意向的動詞, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用過去完成時表示 “原本…，未能…”。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

Exercises

2008靜安區(qū)一模

45. Mr. Li knows much about London. He _________ to the city three times.

A) goes B) went C) has gone D) has been

46. They ________ about how to protect our earth when I entered.

A) will talk B) have talked C) are talking D) were talking

49. If Tom isn’t careful enough with his work, more mistakes _________ later.

A) are made B) are making C) have made D) will be made

Keys：DDD

2008閔行區(qū)一模

41. If it ______ tomorrow, we will go skating with you.

A) doesn’t snow B) won’t snow C) didn’t snow D) wouldn’t snow

45. Tom ______ in our school since nearly four years ago.

A) studied B) has studied C) would study D) had studied

49. A new high building ______ from out of an old ruin (廢墟) here next year.

A) created B) was created C) will create D) will be created

Keys：ABD

2008徐匯區(qū)一模

45. The television set ______ properly since the elderly man moved to this flat.

A) doesn’t work B) hasn’t worked C) didn’t work D) isn’t working

48. Red lanterns ______ under the roof before the door on New Year’s Day in China.

A) hanged B) hung C) are hanged D) are hung

50. Listen! Mike and his classmates ______ the football match in the classroom.

A) are discussing B) were discussing C) discussed D) has discussed

Keys：BDA

2008普陀區(qū)一模

49. I remember Mum ______ you about his return to Shanghai at the table this morning.

A) is telling B) told C) has told D) to tell

50. Mike will give you a call if he _____ some new information.

A) will get B) is getting C) gets D) got

52. --_____ your car _____ every week? --Yes .

A) Does, wash B) Will, wash C) Have, washed D) Is, washed

Keys: BCD

2008嘉定區(qū)一模

( ) 44. —Your school looks so _________.

—Yes. A lot of trees and grass ______ last year.

A. beautiful; are planted B. beautiful; were planted

C. beautifully; were planted D. beautifully; have planted

( ) 48. We are not sure if it _________ tomorrow. If it _________, our sports meeting will be put off.

A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain

C. will rain; will rain D. rains; rains

( ) 52. Three students from the earthquake area are studying in our school at present.

A. a moment ago B. now C. just now D. at once

Keys: BAB

2008寶山區(qū)一模

50. A: ________ a new bridge over that river now?

B: Yes, it has.

A) Has.. .built B) Is.. .being built

C) Will...be built D) Has...been built

53. A: When ________ the train________?

B: In ten minutes.

A) has ...left B) will...be leave

C) is...leaving D) did...leave

Keys: DC

2008崇明縣一模

45. Please be quiet! The students ______ a lesson in the next room now.

A) have B) would have C) are having D) was having

46. When we were children, we ______ swimming together every weekend in summer.

A) go B) went C) will go D) have gone

47. Sorry, Mr. Wang, I ______ my work yet, but I promise to make it in 10 minutes.

A) won’t do B) wouldn’t do C) haven’t done D) hadn’t done

Keys: CBC

2008虹口區(qū)一模

43. —Is John coming this evening?

--No, he can’t. He___________ for his exam.

A. has studied B. studies C. studied D. is studying

Keys: D

2008黃埔區(qū)一模

42. Lots of goods ______ to the earthquake-stricken areas last year.

A) were delivered B) deliver C) are delivered D) had delivered

49. They _______ the group discussion before their teacher came in.

A) have started B) started C) had started D) start

50. Thousands of people _______ the “Bird Nest” since it was put into use.

A) have visited B) are visiting C) will visit . D) had visited

Keys: ACA

2008金山區(qū)一模

49. Ben has ______ ill for about a week. Let’s go to see him together.

A) fallen B) felt C) become D) been

50. A piece of grass ______around the neck of each bird．

A) is tied B) ties C) has tied D) tied

Keys: DA

2008盧灣區(qū)一模

48. Usually computers ______ to search the Internet in our spare time.

A) use B) are using C) used D) are used

50. --- I called you at about half past eight last night, but nobody answered.

--- Oh, I ______ in my office at that time.

A) will work B) was working C) worked D) had worked

51. --- This is a no-left-turn area. Don’t you see the sign?

--- Oh, sorry. I ______ it.

A) hadn’t seen B) won’t see C) don’t see D) didn’t see

Keys: DBD

2008南匯區(qū)、浦東新區(qū)一模

42. Wendy _____ more than 1,500 new English words since last term.

A) memorizes B) memorized C) has memorized D) had memorized

49. I wonder if it _____ tomorrow. If it _____, we won’t go for a picnic.

A) will rain…will rain B) rains…rains C) rains…will rain D) will rain…rains

52. The meat _______ bad unless you put it in the fridge.

A) doesn’t go B) goes C) won’t go D) will go

Keys: CDD

2008青浦區(qū)一模

42. When I went in the classroom, Miss Wang ______ some new words on the blackboard.

A) writes B) wrote C) was writing D) has written

43. The top ten tennis players are coming to Shanghai. Who _____ the Tennis Masters’ Cup? Let’s wait and see.

A) wins B) will win C) won D) has won

Keys: CB

2008松江區(qū)一模

44. Miss Wang ______ her voice when some students ______ noises at the same time.

A) rose, made B) was raised, made

C) raised, made D) was risen, were made

46. So far more than 10 people ______ in the car accident last Friday.

A) died B) die C) dying D) have died

Keys: CD

Homework：1）真題練習

2）綜合卷

3）錯題整理

2008楊浦區(qū)一模

33. Look! The workers from Shanghai ______ houses for the victims in the earthquake-stricken area.

A) are rebuilding B) rebuilt C) had rebuilt D) will rebuild

34. In half a year you ______ a senior high school student. Isn’t it exciting!

A) become B) will become C) became D) have become

Keys: AB

2008閘北區(qū)一模

48. – What did your son say in the letter?

– He told me that he ______ the Cambridge University the next day.

A) will visit B) has visited C) is going to visit D) would visit

49. Shanghai World Financial(金融) Center ______ thousands of visitors since it opened to the public.

A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract

50. When I saw David yesterday, he ______ to the music with an earphone.

A) listened B) has listened C) was listening D) had listened

Keys: DCC

2008長寧區(qū)一模

42. This kind of air-conditioner in the shop ______ very well.

A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold

49. By the age of twelve, the little girl ______ her first collection of poems.

A. has published B. had published C. would publish D. published

51.The woman from the USA ______ the first gold medal(獎?wù)? in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A. wins B. will win C. have win D. won

52. The desks and chairs ______ to the children in Dujiangyan next week.

A. are sent B. will send C. have sent D. will be sent

53. I didn’t hear anyone shouting just now because I ______ to music with the earphone.

A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. am listening

Keys: BBDDC

2009年寶山一模：

40. The professor with a number of students ___________ doing experiments in the lab at that time.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

41. Fourteen people were killed after Typhoon Khanun ___________ East China in September 2005.

A. took place B. came C. hit D. happened

42. You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage to ___________ so young?

A. become B. turn C. make D. stay

46. Jane ___________ to answer the difficult questions that was ___________ by the teacher.

A. rose...raised B. raised...risen C. rose...risen D. raised...raised

47. The old man at the bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.

A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get along

63. It is important for us to ___________ our friendship. (strong)

68. Bill didn’t break the window. (改為被動語態(tài))

The window ___________ ___________ by Bill.

【Keys】

40. C 41. C 42. D 46. A 47. B 63. strengthen

68. wasn’t broken