定義：介詞是是用來表示句子中某一個詞或短語與另外一個詞或短語之間的關(guān)系的詞。j

1. 表示時間的介詞

1). in , on, at 在……時

in 表示較長時間,如世紀(jì).朝代.時代.年.季節(jié).月及一般(非特指)的早.中.晚等。

例：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。

on 表示具體某一天及(特指)具體某一天的早、中、晚。

例：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。

at 表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間,或泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。

例：at 3:20, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment 等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如:We meet every day.

2). in, after 在……之后

“in +段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后；

“after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后；

“after+將來點時間”表示將來的某一時刻以后。

例：My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.

She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

3). from, since 和for

from 僅說明什么時候開始,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久；

since 表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻,通常與完成時連用；

for 指動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程，后接時間段，主句用完成時。

例：He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

I have studied English six two years.

4). after, behind 在……之后

after 主要用于表示時間；

behind 主要用于表示位置。

例：We shall leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

5). in 與during

during 用來表示一段時間，其意義大致相當(dāng)于in 的用法。一般來說，凡是能用in的地方也可以用during。

例：He came to see me during my absence.

Don’t go to see his wife in his absence.

注：during與in 的區(qū)別在于during 強調(diào)時間的延續(xù)性，而in則只是一般指某一時間。

試比較：They visited many cities during their stay in China.

Her grandpa was killed in the war.

6). by 表示時間時，意思是“到……以前”.“不遲于”.“到……時（為止）”。

例：by supper time；by the end of last term

2. 表示地點的介詞

1). at, in

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁邊”；

in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”；

arrive at office; arrive in Beijing.

2). in, on, to

in表示在范圍內(nèi)；

on 表示毗鄰,接壤；

to 表示在……范圍外,不強調(diào)是否接壤。

例：He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

3). above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直, 與below相對；

over 指在……垂直的上方,與under 相對, 但over與物體有一定的空間, 不直接接觸；

on 表示某物體上面并與之接觸。

例：The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

4). below, under 在……下面

under 表示在…正下方；

below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方。

例：There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

【重難點】

1. 時間介詞重點在于區(qū)分每組時間介詞所修飾的表時間的名詞和所使用的范圍有何不同，這是常考點和難點。

例：at five o’clock, on a cold day, in January, since he was nine, after two months, for three hours等。

2. 方位介詞重點在于區(qū)分每組方位介詞所修飾的表示位置的名詞和所使用的范圍有何不同，這是?？键c和難點。

例：at the corner, on the table, in Asia, between my father and mother, among his students等。

【題模精講】

I worked on the problem _________ a long time and I worked it out _________ myself at last.

A、 for; by

B、 in; with

C、 on; by

D、 for; for

答案：A

解析：考查介詞。一段時間前用介詞for，“靠某人自己”為“by oneself”。故選A。

_________the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died.

答案：By

解析：考查介詞。by指“到……以前”、“到……時（為止）”，注意它所連用的時態(tài)。故填By。

【自主練習(xí)】

根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。

1. She usually gets to school ________ 7:30 in the morning.

2. Can you come here ________ the morning of April 5?

3. The workers will finish the task _________ two months.

4. We’ve been working _______ morning to night.

5. The girl left her home ________ a cold winter evening.

6. I waited ________10 o’clock, but he still didn’t evening.

7. He has lived here_______1980.

8. We have worked in this city _______about 5 years.

9. My father usually goes to bed at ten _______ night.