八、形容詞、 副詞的原級、比較級和最高級 1、分類:形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。 原級,即原形。比較級,表示“較......”或“更......一些”。最高級,表示“最......”. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 2、規(guī)則變化: (1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 a)直接加er,est :如:high higher highest b)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加-r或-st.如:late later latest。 c)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,末尾只有一個輔音字母時,要雙寫該輔音字母,再加er,est:如:big bigger biggest d)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞, 先把y改為i再加上er,或est. 如:easy easier easiest (2)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞,在原級前加more / most. 如:beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 規(guī)則變化 3、不規(guī)則變化: 不規(guī)則變化 4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法: (1)原級:講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級?;揪湫褪牵?/h2>●主語+系動詞+(very/too/so/quite/rather…) +形容詞原形 或 主語+ 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 副詞原級 如:He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快) The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟) I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂) ★表示兩者之間沒有差別(即兩者在某方面相同)時,使用句型: ●A+ 系動詞/謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B+其它 如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮) Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢) They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多) ★表示一方在某方面不如(比不上)另一方時,使用句型: ●A+ 系動詞/謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B+其它 如:He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮) Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多) (2) 比較級句型:★講述兩者有差異,前者在某方面超過后者時,用比較級?;揪湫停?/p> ●A+系動詞/謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+B+其它 如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了) This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(這本書花費(fèi)我的錢不比那本多) ★講述兩者有差異,前者不及后者時,可用用比較級。句型是: ●A+ 系動詞/謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + B +…. 如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語不比數(shù)學(xué)難) Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語不那么重要嗎?) (3)最高級句型:講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是: ●主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of …. 如:The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長江是中國最長的河流) He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高) 4、關(guān)于比較等級的重要注釋: 1、在“比較級+than”的句型中,當(dāng)than前后所使用的動詞相同時,通常用助動詞代替后面的動詞。該助動詞也可省略。如: You know more about yourself than I (do).你比我了解你自己。 2、形容詞最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the,副詞最高級前的the可以省略。如: Who sings (the) most beautifully of the three?三個人當(dāng)中誰唱得最好? 3、以上六個句型中,如果動詞是及物或不及物動詞,則后面用副詞;如果是連系動詞,則后面用形容詞。如: This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的) This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的) 4、“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。如: The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了) 5、“the+比較級…,the+比較級…”表示“越…就越…”。如: The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好) The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大) 6、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/even/still修飾, 而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如: It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了) Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎? He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃) 修飾詞 7、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over; less than=under.如: I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月) 8、“one of the +最高級+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個短語為單數(shù)含義,作主語時,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如: One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了) 9、“Which / Who+動詞+形/副,....or...?”句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。如: Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多?) Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重?) 10、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the;含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物的詞時,用最高級。如: --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一點(diǎn)的那個你喜歡嗎?一個都不喜歡) --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜歡哪個?全部。) 11、表示倍數(shù)的比較有如下幾種句型: Our school is three times larger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大三倍。 Our school is four times as large as yours.我們學(xué)校是你們學(xué)校的四倍大。 Our school is four times the size of yours. (同上) 12、表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。 |
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