老師，請講一下代詞 it, one, that, those 的用法問題。謝謝老師。

（語法網(wǎng)的有點難, 我看不懂）。

解答如下：

it,one, that those區(qū)別如下

【1】it指代同類同物，即前面提到的人或者事物，屬于同一個人或者事物。

it代替同類同物

I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it.

（該句中it就是指前面的丟失那把傘）(同類同物）

Do you want the magazine? Yes,I want it.

 你想要這本雜志嗎？是的，我要。

 He looked for his watch everywhere yesterday,but he couldn't find it anywher

昨天他到處尋找自己的手表，但他在哪兒都找不到。

I don't want to drink the tea.It is too hot.

我不想喝這茶，它太熱了。

【2】one指代同類異物，即前面提到的同類但是不是同一個人或者同一個事物，表示一種泛指，即同類事物中任何一個，相當于不定冠詞a/an+名詞。

one代替同類，但是不是同一個事物

I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one.  （同類不同物）

（one在該句中表泛指, 這里不是指我丟失那把傘，相當于an  umbrella,）

I have lost my pen,I'm going to buy one.

我的鋼筆丟了，我要去買一支。

I have a new coat and several old ones.

我有一件新大衣和幾件舊的。

【3】that 也指代同類異物，但是特指，相當于定冠詞the+名詞。

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.

（替代詞that在該句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以區(qū)別“the umbrella you bought”）

【4】one只能代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指，可以帶上前置定語，代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指可以用復(fù)數(shù)為ones。

I like this pen more than that one.

（one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen）

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.

（ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)people）

特別備注以下幾點

(1)one前可用this，that修飾，但ones前不能用these或those修飾，除非one前有形容詞修飾。

I prefer this one to that one.

我喜歡這個，而不喜歡那個。

These yellow ones are so small.I want those green ones.

這些黃的太小，我要那些綠的。

(2)one和ones前面不能用物主代詞。

This is my apple and that's yours.(不說your one)

這是我的蘋果，那是你的。

(3)one和ones前面有修飾詞時，可以加冠詞，有時the ones和those可互換使用，但要求后面有修飾語。

I don't like this pen.Show me a better one.

我不喜歡這支鋼筆，再給我好一點的鋼筆看一看。

【5】that能代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指，可以帶上后置定語，代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞特指可以用復(fù)數(shù)為those(備注，還可以代替不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))。

Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.

（that代替不可數(shù)名詞 handwriting）（代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)特指）

These pictures are more beautiful than those.

（those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) pictures）（代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，特指）

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.

（該句中that可以換成 the water）（代替不可數(shù)名詞）

特別備注以下幾點

(1)that既可代替可數(shù)名詞，又可代替不可數(shù)名詞，常要求有后置定語，一般不指人。

The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.

小麥的價格比大米高。

The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

中國的人口比日本多。

(2)that one用來替代同類事物中特指的另一個，可與 that替換。

This story is not so interesting as the one/that we heard last night.

這個故事不如我們昨晚聽到的那一個有趣。

(3) that可代替上文全句的內(nèi)容，it和one則不能。

He will ask me to lend him some money and I  can't do that.

他要問我借點錢，可我不能借。

We see him when he comes to town,but that isn't often.

他進城時我們能見到他，但這種情況不常有。

【6】 one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有時可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。

The one ／That on the table is mine.

（該句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That）

He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students.

（該句中the one代替人, 不能用that）

He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／those that had the best color.

（該句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）

【7】one一般有前置修飾語, 有時也可有后置修飾語或不用修飾語。而 that不能有前置修飾語, 但可有后置修飾語。

Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.

The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.

【8】it可以替代句中的不定式或從句等, 充當形式主語或形式賓語。one與that均無此用法。

A:it形式主語代替主語從句

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

B:it形式賓語代替真正賓語不定式

I found it hard to get on with her.

C:it形式主語代替真正主語動名詞

It is hard work climbing mountains.

It is no use talking about this with him.

It is no use arguing with a drunk. 

跟一個醉漢爭論是沒有用處的。

D:it形式主語代替真正主語不定式for sb/of sb的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

It is hard for him to make up his mind.

It was foolish of her to say such a thing.

【9】it與that均可以替代上文全句的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容, 而one ／ones則不可以。

He has saved my life; I'll never forget it. 

（it代替第一分句）

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. 

（it代替前面分句的部分內(nèi)容painting his house）

Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. 

（that代替前面表述的內(nèi)容）

【10】those可用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，表示特指。有時the ones和those可互換使用，常要求有后置定語。

 The students in our class work harder than those in their class.

 我們班的同學(xué)比他們班的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)更刻苦。