被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中的使用是比較普遍的,然而,漢語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)很少,因此英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在考研英語(yǔ)翻譯中都要轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。下面給各位考生介紹一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)程中常用的幾種方法。 1.逆序法 逆序法就是漢語(yǔ)譯文的語(yǔ)序和英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序完全相反。翻譯時(shí),要把英語(yǔ)句子后面的詞或短語(yǔ)放到漢語(yǔ)譯文的前面,有些句子所有詞的順序都發(fā)生變化,有些句子只有部分詞的順序發(fā)生變化。請(qǐng)看譯例。 (1)A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 譯文:原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。 (2)Every day new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist. 譯文:有機(jī)化合專家每天都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造新的化合物。 (3)Swift progress has also been made in culture and education. 譯文:文教事業(yè)也有迅速的發(fā)展。 2.譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句 一些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子可用漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句表達(dá)。 (1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy. 譯文:重要的是,應(yīng)該給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。 (2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test. 譯文:獲得了法庭指令,允許警察對(duì)他使用測(cè)謊儀進(jìn)行測(cè)謊。 (3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country. 譯文:必須承認(rèn)中國(guó)還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。 3.增添漢語(yǔ)邏輯上的主語(yǔ) 有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句翻譯成漢語(yǔ),需要增加邏輯上的主語(yǔ),我們可根據(jù)上下文增加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)。 (1)More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community. 譯文:國(guó)家需要向社會(huì)的貧困階層提供更多救濟(jì)。 (2)Their bombs are always placed in strategic positions to cause as much chaos as possible. 譯文:他們總是把炸彈放在戰(zhàn)略要地,從而盡可能引起更大的混亂。 (3)Copper articles have been used for several thousand years. 譯文:人類對(duì)銅器的使用已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了。 4.語(yǔ)序基本不變 助動(dòng)詞be省略不譯 有一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句,可按其原有的語(yǔ)序表達(dá)或作稍微的調(diào)整,但助動(dòng)詞be要省略不譯。 (1)The members of the jury were discharged. 譯文:陪審員都解散了。 (2)All the problems are to be discussed. 譯文:所有問(wèn)題將會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。 (3)The conference will be held next week. 譯文:會(huì)議將于下周舉行。 5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成“是……的” 一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)可用“是……的”來(lái)表達(dá)。 (1)History is made by the people. 譯文:歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。 (2)Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body. 譯文:X 射線是電子產(chǎn)生的, 它使醫(yī)生能透視病人的身體。 (3)These objects were produced using a revolutionary new process which until recently was unavailable in Britain. 譯文:這些東西是用一種革新的工藝生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的,而英國(guó)直到最近才掌握這項(xiàng)工藝。 6. 調(diào)整部分語(yǔ)序 有些被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句,其它的句子成分要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,以便使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 (1)The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886. 譯文:1886年,自由女神像在紐約灣北部落成。 (2)All objects are made to expand by heat. 譯文:所有物質(zhì)遇熱都會(huì)膨脹。 (3)The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context. 譯文:世界人口控制問(wèn)題必須從世界環(huán)境這個(gè)大局去認(rèn)識(shí)、去研究。 |
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來(lái)自: 當(dāng)以讀書通世事 > 《067-英語(yǔ)》