外語教師聯(lián)盟每周一

“專項語法難題探微”欄目

（可在文末查看往期知識點）

本期第四個知識點

謂語

第六講 

有關(guān)表語的幾個問題

表語一般均位于連系動詞之后,但有時為了和前面句子的意思連系得更緊密些,或是為了強調(diào)表語,或是由于句型的要求等,表語也可能位于句首。

例如:

A: What is he?

他是干什么的?

B:He is a doctor.他是一個醫(yī)生。

W:  is Smith?

史密斯是誰?

M:Smith is my uncle.史密斯是我叔叔。

A: How old is he?

他多大年齡?

B:He is twenty.他20歲了。

W: What is her task?

她的任務(wù)是干什么?

M:Her task is raising pigs.她的任務(wù)是養(yǎng)豬。

例如:

Few are the days when I am not in some physical distress.

我不為疾病所折磨的日子是很少的。

Still wider will be the use of electronic computers，which play

a very important part in production and our daily life.

電子計算機在生產(chǎn)和日常生活中都起著重要作用,因此它將得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。

例如:

Bright，very bright were the stars over the dark wild Yenan hills.

在那黑沉沉的曠闊的延安群山上空,星星格外明亮。

Right you are.你是對的。

In front of the house was a tall tree.

屋前有一顆高大的樹。

在表語用what或how來強調(diào)時,what和how以及表語中心詞必須置于句首。

例如:

What fun it is to jump in a pool or go swimming in a river in summer. How joyful and relaxing it is to have a game of table tennis after a day of study at school.

夏天跳進游泳池或是到河里去游泳是多么有趣。在學(xué)校一天的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束之后,打一場乒乓球是何等快樂和輕松。

例如:

Proud as these nobles are，he is afraid to see me.

這些貴族盡管很傲慢,他卻害怕見我。

Weak that he had become，he continued to organize and lead the struggle against the Nazis while in prison.

盡管他身體很虛弱,但他在獄中繼續(xù)組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)反對納粹的斗爭,

Young and experienced though he was，he got through his task with surprising rapidity.

他最年輕而又缺乏經(jīng)驗,但卻以驚人的速度完成了任務(wù)。

在that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時,其表語也必須前置。有時as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的表語也可以提前。

例如:

Michael，fool that he was，completely ruined the dinner.

邁克爾是個笨蛋,把這頓飯完全搞糟了。

Coward that he was，he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked.

因為他是個膽小鬼,敵人一進攻他就嚇跑了。

Hard-working as she was，she made a marked progress.

因為她努力攻讀,取得了顯著的進步。

例如:

A: Are these flowers red?

這些花是紅的嗎?

B:Yes,they are(red).是的.

W: Is he a professor?

他是教授嗎?

M :No，he isn't(a professor).

不,他不是.

有時答話者為了進一步得到證實,而向發(fā)話者提出反問,這時其表語常常省去。

例如:

A:I am not a bus driver.我不是汽車司機。

B: Oh，you aren't，aren't you?

哦,你不是,是嗎?

M: Biology is the science of life.

生物學(xué)是關(guān)于生命的科學(xué)。

W: Oh，it is，is it?

哦,是的,是嗎?

例如:

Peter seemed calculating，and his wife certainly was(calculating).

彼特看來很有算計,他妻子當(dāng)然如此。

There are many kinds of electromagnetic waves. Some are well known and some are not (well known).

有許多種電磁波,有的大家熟悉,有的大家不熟悉。

有時第一個分句的表語也可以省去,而保留第二個分句的表語。

例如:

John has recently become (a very hard-working student，,and

his brother always was，a very hard-working student.

彼得最近成了非常勤奮的學(xué)生,他哥哥是一貫如此。

但是如果第一個分句中的謂語動詞是連系動詞be,而第二個分句的謂語動詞卻是表示實際意義的連系動詞(如 seem 等)時,第二個分句中的表語則不可省去。

例如:

Jim was happy，and Jack certainly seemed(happy).

例如:

She became a diligent student，since her sister was(a diligent student).

因為她姐姐是個用功的學(xué)生,她也變得用功了。

I am patient if you are(patient).

如果你耐心,我也耐心。

有時在上下文意思比較明顯的情況下,賓語從句和定語從句中的表語也可省去。

例如:

I was late in applying for the job，Do you think he was(late

in applying for the job?)

我申請這工作晚了,你認(rèn)為他晚了嗎?

Why do you think all workers are clumsy and ignorant? There' s

no reason why they should be (clumsy and ignorant).

為什么你認(rèn)為所有的工人都笨拙沒有學(xué)問呢?他們怎么就該笨拙沒有學(xué)問呢!

在定語從句中作表語的關(guān)系代詞通常是省去的,這個關(guān)系代詞一般是that。

例如:

People said he was everything(that)an honest man should be.

人們說他具備了一個正直的人應(yīng)有的一切美好品質(zhì)。

He is not the impractical bookworm(that)he used to be.

他已不是以前那樣不切實際讀死書的人了。

關(guān)系代詞 that在復(fù)合賓語中作表語(有人稱之為補語)時也可省去。

例如:

You were never the girl(that)I thought you.

你從來就不是我想象中的那個姑娘。

例如:

Test pits furnish one of the best means of obtaining samples which are for all practical purposes undisturbed.

試坑提供了一種最好的手段,使人們能得到就各種實用目的來說都是原狀的試樣。(被狀語分隔)

The effective range on earth for television signals is much more limited than for radio signals.

在地球上,電視信號與無線電信號相比,其有效范圍大大受到限制。(被狀語分隔)

It is，as it were，an arbitrary zero of reckoning，and the choice of it is in our power.

它仿佛是一個任意的計算零點,我們可以自由選擇。(被插人語分隔)

所謂表語與主語的重現(xiàn),指的是在一個句子里表語與主語用相同的詞或短語。這種現(xiàn)象在英語里不多見,但實際上又存在著,它往往表達(dá)出特殊的含義,尤其是能起到增強語氣等作用。

例如:

You are quite right. Teacher is teacher.你說得對,老師畢竟還是老師。

That's right. Lawyer is lawyer.對的,法官到底還是法官。

I should pay for it. Business is business.

這筆錢我應(yīng)該出,“親兄弟，明算帳'嘛。(或:這筆錢我應(yīng)該出,生意畢竟歸生意。)

A: This jam sponge is absolutely delicious.

這果醬軟糕味道好極了。

B: Yes，it looks it. I wouldn't mind a slice myself.

是呀,一看就看得出來,我自己也想嘗一塊。

Jim，you will go to school this morning. That's that.

吉姆,今早你得上學(xué)去。就這樣決定了。

例如:

Mr. Hadley hadn't seen his friend's daughters in such a long time that he couldn't remember which was which.

哈萊先生很久不見他朋友的女兒了,她已記不得哪個是哪個了。

It took the new teacher a few days to remember who was who the class.新來的老師花了好幾天才記住班上同學(xué)的姓名。

The weeds and the flowers are coming up together，and we can't tell what's what.

花和雜草長在一起,我們區(qū)分不出哪個是花哪個是雜草。