26個(gè)字母中有5個(gè)純?cè)糇帜福ˋ E I O U），20個(gè)純輔音字母。字母Y為半元音字母，當(dāng)Y位于詞首時(shí)為輔音字母，位于詞中或詞尾時(shí)為元音字母，其讀音與字母I相同。掌握五個(gè)元音字母的讀音及其組合規(guī)律是學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵。元音字母在單詞中可以單獨(dú)發(fā)音，也可以跟其它字母構(gòu)成字母組合一起發(fā)音，常見的組合有：

一、五個(gè)元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)與重讀閉音節(jié)的讀音

1.元音字母Ａ

１）在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[ei ]

例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i'reis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table ['teibl] late [leit] favourite ['feiv?rit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [p?'teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station ['stei??n] baker ['beik?] place [pleis] tomato[t?'meit?u] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby ['beibi] paper ['peip?] famous ['feim?s] later ['leit?] radio ['reidi?u] patient ['pei??nt]

2）在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?]

例如：map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple ['?pl] fax [f?ks] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k] catch [k?t?] hamburger ['h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit ['r?bit] bank [b??k] accident ['?ksid?nt] happen ['h?p?n] marry ['m?ri] exam [ig'z?m] cabbage ['k?bid?] passenger ['p?sind??] fact [f?kt] parrot ['p?r?t]

２.元音字母Ｅ

１）在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[i:]

例如：these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening ['i:vni?] be [bi:] even ['i:v?n] Chinese['t?ai'ni:z] Japanese[,d??p?'ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre ['mi:t?] Swedish ['swi:di?] scenery ['si:n?ri] eve [i:v]

2).在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀字[e]

例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome ['welk?m] let [let] address [?'dres] dress [dres] next ['nekst] leg [leg] empty ['empti] mend [mend] chess [t?es] rest [rest] letter ['let?] better['bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri'memb?] invent [in'vent] December [di'semb?] wet [wet] message ['mesid?]

３.元音字母Ｉ

１）在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[ai]

例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus ['main?s] Chinese['t?ai'ni:z] fine [fain] licence ['lais?ns] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi'said] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday ['fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [ik'saiti?] lion ['lai?n] tiger ['taig?] quite [kwait] diary ['dai?ri] science ['sai?ns] invite [in'vait] wine [wain] quiet ['kwai?t] surprise [s?'praiz]

２）在讀閉音節(jié)中讀字母音[i]

例如：six [siks] think [θi?k] picture ['pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k] chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner ['din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter ['wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village ['vilid?]

４.元音字母Ｏ

１）在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[?u]

例如：no [n?u] hello [h?'l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over ['?uv?] phone [f?un] open ['?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken ['br?uk?n] robot ['r?ub?t] code [k?ud] close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?k't?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?'g?u] Rome [r?um] suppose [s?'p?uz] mobile ['m?ubil] notice ['n?utis]

２）在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?]

例如：not [n?t] clock [kl?k] forgot[f?'g?t] doctor ['d?kt?] lock [l?k] doll [d?l] from [fr?m] sock [s?k] shop [??p] hot [h?t] fog [f?g] hospital ['h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby ['h?bi] problem ['pr?bl?m] dollar['d?l?] college ['k?lid?] dolphin ['d?lfin] soccer ['s?k?] rock [r?k] concert ['k?ns?t] song [s??] crop [kr?p] opposite ['?p?zit]

５.元音字母Ｕ

１）在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[j u:]

例如：computer[k?m'pju:t?] excuse [iks'kju:z] student ['stju:d?nt] use [ju:z] music ['mju:zik] usually ['ju:?u?li] refuse [ri'fju:z] human ['hju:m?n] produce [pr?'dju:s] scuba ['skju:b?] contribution [,k?ntri'bju:??n] pupil ['pju:pl] universe ['ju:niv?:s] huge [hju:d?] duty ['dju:ti]

２）在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?]

例如：number ['n?mb?] plus [pl?s] cup [k?p] bus [b?s] much [m?t?] us [?s] husband ['h?zb?nd] uncle ['??kl] must [m?st] lunch [l?nt?] hundred ['h?ndr?d] hungry ['h??gri] jump [d??mp] run [r?n] fun [f?n] discuss [di'sk?s] pumpkin ['p?mpkin] summer ['s?m?] duck [d?k] subject ['s?bd?ikt] suddenly ['s?dnli]

二、五個(gè)元音字母分別與字母Ｒ組合（ar、er、ir、or、ur）在重讀音節(jié)的讀音

１）.ＡＲ讀[a:]

例如：sharpener ['?ɑ:p?n?] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m] card [kɑ:d] park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer ['fɑ:m?] party ['pɑ:ti] artist ['ɑ:tist] garden ['gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:]

2）.ER讀[ε:]

例如：term [t?:m] certainly ['s?:t?nli] person ['p?:sn] university [,ju:ni'v?:siti] Germany ['d??:m?ni] serve [s?:v] prefer [pri'f?:] deserve [di'z?:v] nervous ['n?:v?s] expert [ek'sp?:t]

3）.IR讀[ε:]

例如：skirt [sk?:t] thirty ['θ?:ti] thirsty ['θ?:sti] first [f?:st] birthday ['b?:θdei] circle ['s?:kl] dirty ['d?:ti]

４）.ＯＲ讀[?:]

例如：for [f?:] short [??:t] sport [sp?:t] born [b?:n] report [ri'p?:t] north [n?:θ] fork [f?:k] nor [n?:] order ['?:d?] corner ['k?:n?] storm [st?:m] afford [?'f?:d] performance [p?'f?:m?ns] pork [p?:k]

５）.ＵＲ讀[ε:]

例如：purse [p?:s] purple ['p?:pl] Thursday ['θ?:zdi] turkey ['t?:ki] turn [t?:n] church [t??:t?] disturb [dis't?:b] hurt [h?:t] return [ri't?:n] surfing ['s?:fi?] Turkey ['t?:ki]

三、ar、er、ir、or、ur分別與字母Ｅ組合的讀音

1）字母ARE組合讀[??]

例如：careful ['k??f?l] software ['s?ftw??]

2）字母ERE組合讀 [??]/[ i?]

例如：here [hi?] where [hw??] there [e??]

3）字母IRE組合讀[ai?]

例如：tire ['tai?] fireplace ['fai?pleis] hire[hai?]

4）字母ORE組合讀[?:]

例如：before [bi'f?:] more [m?:] score [sk?:] explore [iks'pl?:] store [st?:]

5）字母URE組合讀[??]/[ ?]

例如：sure [???(r)] future [?fju:t??(r)]nature ?[]ne?t??(r)] picture [?p?kt??(r)]