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在日常的web網(wǎng)站部署中，經(jīng)常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一個配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass時，當(dāng)在后面的url加上了/，相當(dāng)于是絕對根路徑，則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;如果沒有/，則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走（這樣配置在Nginx反向代理+負(fù)載均衡簡單實(shí)現(xiàn)（http方式）也提到過）。
下面舉個小實(shí)例說明下：
centos7系統(tǒng)庫中默認(rèn)是沒有nginx的rpm包的，所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴庫
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | 1）使用yum安裝nginx需要包括Nginx的庫，安裝Nginx的庫
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http:///packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
2）使用下面命令安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx
3）nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!
4）啟動Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
5）測試訪問（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機(jī)器的外網(wǎng)ip）
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!
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--------------------------看看下面幾種情況：分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進(jìn)行訪問測試-----------------
為了方便測試，先在另一臺機(jī)器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx，配置如下：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | [root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試訪問（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網(wǎng)ip）：
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5
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192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機(jī)器，nginx配置如下：
1）第一種情況：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
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這樣，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html里面
注意，終端里如果訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不帶"/"），則會訪問失??！因?yàn)閜roxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>
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頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候，會自動加上"/”（同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"），并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結(jié)果
2）第二種情況，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
那么訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都會失敗！
這樣配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
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3）第三種情況
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
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這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四種情況：相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
上面配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
注意，這種情況下，不能直接訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默認(rèn)的index.html文件也要跟上，否則訪問失??！
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上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑后面加"/"，下面說下path路徑后面不帶"/"的情況：
1）第一種情況，proxy_pass后面url帶"/"：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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2）第二種情況，proxy_pass后面url不帶"/"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#
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這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3）第三種情況
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四種情況：相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy，和第三種結(jié)果一樣，同樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
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