Be動(dòng)詞的用法:
現(xiàn)在時(shí) I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are
(縮略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're),
(否定縮略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't),
過(guò)去時(shí) I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were
(過(guò)去時(shí)否定縮略式 wasn't, weren't),
過(guò)去分詞 been, 現(xiàn)在分詞 being
1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),例如:
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開(kāi)會(huì)。
2) be + 過(guò)去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶(hù)是湯姆打碎的。
3) be + 動(dòng)詞不定式,可表示下列內(nèi)容:
a. 表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去紐約。
說(shuō)明: 這種用法也可以說(shuō)成是一種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。
b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this. 對(duì)此你要做出解釋。
c. 征求意見(jiàn),例如:
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復(fù)他?
d. 表示相約、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點(diǎn)在校門(mén)口集合。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱(chēng)+am+v-ing
第二人稱(chēng)+are+v-ing
第三人稱(chēng)+is+v-ing
定義:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來(lái)。也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:
a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you.
b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě),只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)活動(dòng)
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經(jīng)安排了)
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了)
d.有些動(dòng)詞(狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
1.表示知道或了解的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起來(lái)”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜愛(ài)或不喜愛(ài)hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示構(gòu)成或來(lái)源的動(dòng)詞 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的動(dòng)詞 hear see smell sound taste
6表示擁有的動(dòng)詞belong to.need.own .possess.want wish
【No. 1】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由"be+v-ing"構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。
【No. 2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況:
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開(kāi)頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽(tīng),她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
【No. 3】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的變化
肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
否定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。
c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于沒(méi)有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時(shí),瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。 e:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示贊嘆或厭煩的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble. 他總是惹麻煩.
======================== The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式。 例如:
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e結(jié)尾要去e加ing; swimming,beginning,putting,要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分單詞直接加ing.
有一些特殊變化(或者說(shuō)以Ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞〔有3個(gè)〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把I變y再加ing.
1.The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式。
3.例如:
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying。
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同。
has用在第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式(能轉(zhuǎn)換成it的人稱(chēng)形式)中;have用在第一人稱(chēng)和第二人稱(chēng)中;如果一個(gè)句子中有does(或did)的話(huà),has變?yōu)閔ave,does就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)還原器。 例句:
has:He has a bag.他有一個(gè)書(shū)包。
have:I have a pen.我有一知鋼筆。
Do you have a book?你有一本書(shū)嗎?
關(guān)于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一個(gè)筆記本嗎?
She doesn't have a computer.她沒(méi)有一個(gè)電腦。
練習(xí)題 (Be動(dòng)詞)
一、在下面的短文中填上恰當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞。
I ______ a girl. My name _______ Mary. I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7. I ______ 12 years old. Here ______ my family photo. Look! These ______ my parents and those
_______ my grandparents. This boy ______ my brother. He ________ 15 years old now. That ______ my cat, Mimi. It ______ very lovely. 二、在下面的題目中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)腂e動(dòng)詞。(注意Be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)) 1. I ________from Australia. 2. She _______ a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________my friends. 4. My parents _______very busy every day.
5. _______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6. There _____ some glasses on it.
7. There ________many monkeys in the mountain. 8. There_________ a beautiful garden in our school. 9. I _______ at school just now.
10. He ________ at the camp last week. 11. We ________ students two years ago.
12. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 13. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 14. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 15. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
16. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 17. There _________some water in the glass. 18. There __________ some bread on the table. 19. Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20. How old __________ you last year? 21. Which dog ________ yours? 22. Ten and two ________ twelve.、 。
一、用am, is, are 填空 1) I _____ a student. 2) You ____ a doctor.
3) ____she from Jinan? 4) _____you American?
5) He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1. 6) It_____ a car. 7) They ____ cars
8) ____ your mother in China? 9) _____your friends in New York? 10) What ____her name? 11) These _____ buses.
12) Those _____oranges. 13) Where _____ her mother? 14) How old _____your teacher? 15) What class _____ you in?