Unit3 Our Hobbies
Topi1 What's your hobby?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
such as 例如
used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事
take a bath 洗澡
be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
go dancing 去跳舞
go boating 去劃船
play volleyball 打排球
collecting stamps 集郵
collecting coins 收藏硬幣
listening to pop music 聽流行音樂(lè)
listening to classical music 聽古典音樂(lè)
listening to symphony 聽交響樂(lè)
walking in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)間散步
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Wow! So many stamps! 哇，那么多的郵票！
2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. 通過(guò)這些郵票我們可以學(xué)到許多關(guān)于人文、地理、歷史和特殊時(shí)代的知識(shí)。
3. Would you like to collect any of these things? 你想集下面這些東西嗎?
4. What things do you love collecting? 你喜歡集什么東西？
5. I am interested in playing sports. 我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。
6. What do you often do in your spare time? 在你的業(yè)余時(shí)間里面你都做些什么啊？
7. I often go fishing. 我經(jīng)常去釣魚。
8. And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是閱讀一些書籍。
9. I' m a movie fan. 我是一個(gè)電影迷。
10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。
11. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? 為什么不走出去做一些戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)呢？
12. Maybe I need a change. 或許我需要改變。
13. My interests are changing all the time. 我的興趣愛好總是在不斷地改變。
14. And I wasn' t interested in sports at all. 我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)一點(diǎn)興趣都沒有。
15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. 但是現(xiàn)在我的愛好是體育，比如足球和游泳。
16. I never miss any important soccer games. 我從未錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一場(chǎng)重要的足球比賽。
17. I used to know little about paintings. 我過(guò)去不太懂繪畫。
18. I enjoy listening to rock music. 我喜歡聽搖滾音樂(lè)。
19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你過(guò)去經(jīng)常去游泳么？
20. I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我過(guò)去常在我家門前的池塘里游泳。
21. Nobody. I taught myself. 沒有任何人，我自學(xué)的。
22. When they are free, people usually do what they like. 當(dāng)人們空閑的時(shí)候，他們總是做一些自己喜歡的事情。
23. They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他們也繪畫或者收集一些東西，例如硬幣、娃娃或郵票。
24. When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.
當(dāng)人們變老的時(shí)候，愛好可以幫助他們保持健康。當(dāng)人們身體虛弱的時(shí)候，愛好還可以幫助他們盡快地康復(fù)。
25. I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. 我叫他粉色，因?yàn)樗钠つw是淡粉色的。
26. Pink likes to have a bath. Pink喜歡洗澡。
27. How do you take care of them? 你怎樣照顧它們？
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
1. I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. 我過(guò)去常聽搖滾樂(lè)，可現(xiàn)在我集電話卡和畫。
used to do sth. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣（過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或狀態(tài)（暗含的意思是現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在），用于所有人稱。
used to的否定形式為：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑問(wèn)句為Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...? 如：
1) I used to go to school on foot.
我過(guò)去步行上學(xué)。（暗含的意思是：我現(xiàn)在不再步行上學(xué)了。）
2) Mary used to sleep late.
瑪莉過(guò)去總是很晚才睡覺。（暗含的意思是：瑪莉現(xiàn)在睡覺不再那么晚了。）
3) He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他過(guò)去不喜歡京劇，但現(xiàn)在非常喜歡。
現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人在口語(yǔ)中或不太正式的書面語(yǔ)中對(duì)否定句和疑問(wèn)句常使用與do 連用的形式。例如：
1) I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我過(guò)去不喜歡滑冰，但現(xiàn)在很喜歡。
2) Did you use to go there? 你以往常去哪兒？
3) There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there? 以前這里有一座劇院，是不是？
另外，注意be used to doing sth.、used to do sth.和be used to do sth.的區(qū)別：
be used to doing sth “習(xí)慣于……”如：
1) He is used to working hard. 他習(xí)慣于努力地工作。
2) I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我習(xí)慣于早上慢跑。
3) He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 過(guò)去他來(lái)看我時(shí)，常帶玫瑰花。
be used to do sth.“某物被用來(lái)做某事”。如：
1) Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來(lái)生產(chǎn)紙張。
2) Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今電腦可用來(lái)做許多事。
2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! 集郵肯定很有趣！
must在這里是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示推測(cè)，可以翻譯為“一定，肯定”。如：
1) Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.
你的哥哥想必在學(xué)校。我剛才看見他了。
2) Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.
你的朋友昨天一定已經(jīng)離開去南京了。
3) She thought that her present must be in the box. 她以為禮物一定是在盒子里。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的三種否定形式：
must表示“必須”時(shí)，其否定回答為don’t have to/needn't/don't need to，意思為“不需要”。如：
---Must I pay back the money right now? 我必須現(xiàn)在償還這筆錢嗎？
---No, you don’t have to. 不，你不需要現(xiàn)在還。
must表示“推測(cè)”時(shí)，其否定形式為can’t，意思為“不可能”。如：
1) I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.
我目睹了她所說(shuō)的事情，因此，她不可能在說(shuō)謊。
2) Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以說(shuō)他不可能在這兒。
而mustn't的意思為“絕對(duì)不可，不許，禁止”。如：
1) You mustn't smoke in the hospital.你絕對(duì)不可以在醫(yī)院里吸煙。
2）You mustn't cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
交通燈是紅色時(shí)，你千萬(wàn)不能過(guò)馬路。
3. He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它們是否是好的。
此句為以whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。whether...or not“不論是否……”。如：
You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.
你必須天天早點(diǎn)起床，不論是否下雨。
if與whether的區(qū)別：
二者在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可換用。如：
1) I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨。
2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home. 他問(wèn)我李平是否在家。
3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie. 他不明白那個(gè)陌生人是否說(shuō)的是假話。
但下列幾種情況不能換用。
1) whether 后可緊接or not，而if一般不能。
Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能來(lái)還是不能來(lái)，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。
2) 不定式前用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home. 我還沒有決定是看電影還是留在家里。
3) 介詞后可用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. 我是否回家還沒有定。
Topic2 What sweet music?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
continue doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
be born 出生
set up 建立
classical music 古典音樂(lè)
folk songs 民歌
stage name 藝名
everyday life 日常生活
be famous for 因……而著名
look for 尋找
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. And it sounds great! 聽起來(lái)好極了。
2. What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你會(huì)彈什么種類的樂(lè)器？
3. We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. 我們有吉他課、小提琴課、鋼琴課、和打鼓課，每個(gè)課程僅需要240元。
4. What do you do in your free time? 你在閑暇之際干些什么？
5. Classical music is serious music. 古典音樂(lè)是一種很嚴(yán)肅的音樂(lè)。
6. Pop music often comes and goes easily. 流行音樂(lè)來(lái)得快去得也快。
7. They are very popular among young people. 它們?cè)谀贻p人當(dāng)中很流行。
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. 郭蘭英，宋祖英和騰格爾以（唱）民歌而出名。
9. It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. 它是世界上最著名的搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)之一。
10. In the fall of 1976, a 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一個(gè)14歲的中學(xué)生，Larry Mullen尋找一些音樂(lè)家。
11. He wanted to form a band. 他想組建一個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)。
12. He found 3 boys and they set up a band. 他找到了3個(gè)男孩，他們組成了一個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)。
13. The four members are still close friends after many years. 多年后，4位成員仍然是好朋友。
14. They continue making music. 他們繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)。
15. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. 全世界的人們?nèi)匀环浅Ｏ矚g他們的音樂(lè)。
16. When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. 當(dāng)他八歲的時(shí)候，他的父親請(qǐng)了一位老師來(lái)教授他如何彈奏鋼琴。
17. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
他說(shuō)小提琴是他的最愛，使他很快樂(lè)。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
1. What a pity! 真遺憾！
這是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。what引導(dǎo)感嘆句的基本構(gòu)成為：
what + a / an +（形容詞）+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)/系動(dòng)詞！
what +（形容詞）+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)/系動(dòng)詞！如：
1) What a stupid question! 多么愚蠢的問(wèn)題??！
2) What lively boys they are! 多么活潑的男孩子們啊！
2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening? 這周日晚上你想干什么？
“be going to” 是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的一種表達(dá)方法，它表示：
1) 現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.
2) 說(shuō)話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為可能要發(fā)生某事，如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
“be going to”句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be going to …
eg. He is going to stay at school.
否定句：主語(yǔ)+be + not +going to…
eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+going to…
eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?
be going to 用于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要用There is/am/are going to be + 主語(yǔ)+其它形式
如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.
與be going to 連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.
Topic3 What were you doing at this time yesterday?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
agree with sb. 與某人看法一致
take a shower 洗澡
answer the phone 接電話
do some cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生
knock at 敲
too…to 太…..以至于不能......
talk about 談?wù)撽P(guān)于......的事情
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. I called you but nobody answered the phone. 我給你打電話了，但是沒有人接。
2. Oh, I was taking a shower. 我在淋浴。
3. Yeah, I think so. 是，我也這樣認(rèn)為。
4. And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜歡那個(gè)留著淺色頭發(fā)的年輕人。
5. He is so handsome! 他非常帥！
6. I agree with you. 我同意你的意見。
7. You look very sad. 你看起來(lái)很傷心。
8. There’s nothing serious. 沒什么嚴(yán)重的事。
9. Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. 王老師生我的氣了。
10. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day". 在19世紀(jì)早期，星期日的含義就是“神圣的一天”。
11. In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays". 在美國(guó)，工人們把它們叫做“藍(lán)色星期一”。
12. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. 然后決定你的周末怎么過(guò)。
13. Did you have a good time? 你們玩得高興嗎？
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning.
我在洗衣服。 我在打掃衛(wèi)生。這句用的是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).
1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或那個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：
He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
They were writing a book last month.
2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由be (was/were)+動(dòng)詞ing 形式構(gòu)成的
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +…
否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…
一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+…
肯定回答：Yes, 主語(yǔ)+was/were.
否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t.
They were studying English at this tine yesterday.
They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday.
Were they studying English at this time yesterday?
Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
Unit 4 Our World
Topic1 Which do you like better, plants or animals?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. share…with 與……共享......
2. play with 玩弄，玩耍
3. in danger 在危險(xiǎn)之中
4. feed on 以……為食
5. think about 考慮，思考
6. enjoy nature 享受自然
7. at night 在晚上
8. in the daytime 白天
9. summer vacation 暑假
10. thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)
11. in fact 事實(shí)上
12. find out 查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)
13. in nature 在自然界
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Plants are more beautiful than animals. 植物比動(dòng)物更漂亮。
2. The plants stay green longer there. 那兒的植物能更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持綠色。
3. The rainforests are very important to us. 雨林對(duì)我們很重要。
4. Water is necessary for all plants. It is the most important thing to all living things, we must save every drop of water. 水對(duì)所有植物是必需的。它對(duì)所有生物都重要，我們必須節(jié)約每一滴水。
5. Isn’t it interesting? 是不是很有趣呀？
6. It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world. 它是世界上最危險(xiǎn)的魚之一。
7. It is so strange! 太奇怪了！
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
一. 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
1. 規(guī)則變化：
（1）一般在詞尾加—er或—est，如：fresh—fresher—freshest
（2）以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加r或st，如：late—later—latest
（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫這一輔音字母，再加er或est，如：big—bigger—biggest
（4）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改y為i，再加er 或est，如：happy—happier—happiest
（5）部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如：careful—more careful—most careful；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
2. 不規(guī)則變化：
good/well—better—best
little—less—least
many/much—more—most
bad/ill—worse—worst
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
二. 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
1. 兩者比較用比較級(jí)，經(jīng)常與than搭配，可用much和a little修飾。
I’m happier than you. 我比你更快樂(lè)。
Plants are much more beautiful than animals. 植物比動(dòng)物漂亮的多。
2. 三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí)，一般給出比較范圍，如：of（in）＋…。
The boy is the tallest in my class. 這個(gè)男孩是我們班最高的。
Lesson Two is the most important of all. 第二課是所有中最重要的。
Topic2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. take the place of 代替，取代
2. instead of 代替，而不是……
3. mistake…for… 把……錯(cuò)當(dāng)
4. seem to do 好象，似乎
5. call for 要求
6. wake sb. up 將某人叫醒
7. see sb.doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事
8. use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事
9. spend…on… 在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢
10. be sure of 確信
11. these days 現(xiàn)在，目前
12. in alphabetical order 按字母表順序排列
13. look up 查閱
14. pay attention to 注意，專心
15. begin with 以……開始
16. and son on 等等
17. switch on 開（電燈，機(jī)器等）
18. ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要……
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我確信機(jī)器人比人能更好地做某些工作。
2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿著街道走時(shí)，看見了一個(gè)不明飛行物。
3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一個(gè)盤子。
4. Until now, even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 直到現(xiàn)在，甚至科學(xué)家也不確定是否有不明飛行物。
5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我們不出家門就能購(gòu)物。
6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我們可以用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)找工作。
7. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it. 我們不應(yīng)該在因特網(wǎng)上面花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間。
8. When you look up a word in the dictionary, pay attention to the first letter of the word. 當(dāng)你在字典里查一個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候，注意這個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情，基本結(jié)構(gòu)is/am/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞doing，如：
肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 這些機(jī)器人正在生產(chǎn)小汽車。
否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我們沒有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)。
疑問(wèn)句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？這個(gè)老師正在詞典中查這個(gè)詞嗎？
特殊疑問(wèn)句：Ｗho are you talking to？你在和誰(shuí)談話？
2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)was（were）＋現(xiàn)在分詞doing，如：
肯定句：Ｗhen he came in, I was writing a letter. 當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我在寫一封信。
否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading. 她讀書時(shí)，他們沒在看電視。
疑問(wèn)句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night? 昨晚８點(diǎn)UFO向我們飛來(lái)了嗎？
特殊疑問(wèn)句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping? 我們睡覺時(shí)，你們?cè)诤仁裁矗?/span>
Topic3 The Internet makes the world smaller.
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. more than 超過(guò)
2. pull down 推倒，拆毀
3. heavy traffic 交通繁忙
4. wear out 磨損，用壞
5. used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事
6. do one’s best 盡（某人）最大努力
7. live models 真人模型
8. the ancient world 古代
9. be made up of 由……組成
10. join…together 把……連在一起
11. regard…as… 把……看作......
12. be worn out 被損壞
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他們當(dāng)中許多在二十世紀(jì)六十年代被拆毀。
2. People thought them useless. 人們認(rèn)為它們沒有用。
3. It’s really too bad. 這太遺憾了。
4. We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我們正在盡全力保護(hù)并重建老城墻。
5. It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是現(xiàn)存的古代“七大奇跡”之一。
6. It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10萬(wàn)人二十多年的時(shí)間。
7. Since then, people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 從那以后，人們就把長(zhǎng)城看作是中華民族的象征。
8. Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall. 每年有許多人參觀長(zhǎng)城，從中得到極大樂(lè)趣。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
反意疑問(wèn)句：由陳述句（或祈使句、感嘆句）加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句叫反意疑問(wèn)句。
一般對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陳述部分為肯定形式，附加問(wèn)句用否定形式；陳述部分為否定形式，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式。如：
There are many pyramids in Egypt, aren’t there? 在埃及有許多金字塔，不是嗎？
Sally visited the Great Wall last month, didn’t she? 薩莉上個(gè)月參觀了長(zhǎng)城，不是嗎？
He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he? 他沒有意識(shí)到節(jié)約用水的重要性，是嗎？
特例點(diǎn)撥：
1. I don’t think you can rebuild the house, can you?我認(rèn)為你不能重修這座房子，是嗎？（I don’t think…主要在說(shuō)think后的內(nèi)容，故按從句變化）。
2. 陳述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（沒幾個(gè)），little（幾乎沒有），hardly（幾乎不）等否定或半否定詞時(shí)，仍視為否定句。根據(jù)反意疑問(wèn)句對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)律，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定形式。如：
There is nothing in the room, is there? 屋子里什么也沒有，是嗎？
Maria never surports me, does she? 瑪麗亞從未支持過(guò)我，是嗎？
He had few apples, did he? 他幾乎沒有蘋果，是嗎？
3. 祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句：無(wú)論肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you? 如：
Please close the door, will you?請(qǐng)關(guān)門好嗎？
Don’t tear down the old walls,will you? 不要拆毀古墻，好嗎？
