一. 介詞by的用法

1.意為“在……旁”，“靠近”。

Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.

有的在大樹(shù)下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖邊畫(huà)畫(huà)兒。

2. 意為“不遲于”，“到……時(shí)為止”。

Your son will be all right by supper time.

你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。

How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?

到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語(yǔ)歌曲?

3. 表示方法、手段,可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過(guò)”、“乘坐”等。

The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.

猴子用尾巴吊在樹(shù)上哈哈大笑。

The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by

railway telegraph.

孩子的父親是那么的感激,于是他教愛(ài)迪生怎樣通過(guò)鐵路電報(bào)來(lái)傳達(dá)信息。

4. 表示“逐個(gè)”，“逐批”的意思。

One by one they went past the table in the dark.

他們一個(gè)一個(gè)得在黑暗中經(jīng)過(guò)這張桌子。

5. 表示“根據(jù)”，“按照”的意思。

What time is it by your watch?

你的表幾點(diǎn)了?

6. 和take , hold等動(dòng)詞連用，說(shuō)明接觸身體的某一部分。

I took him by the hand.

我拉住了他的手。

7. 用于被動(dòng)句中，表示行為主體,常譯作“被”、“由”等。

English is spoken by many people.

英語(yǔ)被許多人說(shuō)。（即“許多人講英語(yǔ)?！保?/p>