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一. 英 語 音 標(biāo)：48 個 國 際 音 標(biāo) 圖
巧記48個音標(biāo)簡表： 
熟悉后反復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)鞏固的可用表格： 
視頻從3’08‘’開始講48個音標(biāo)讀音
以元音為主體構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位，一般說來元音發(fā)音響亮，可以構(gòu)成音節(jié)，輔音發(fā)音不響亮，不能單獨構(gòu)成音節(jié)（[m] [n] [? ] [l]例外）。從單詞拼寫形式上看，有幾個元音字母就有幾個音節(jié)。
① 在重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的相鄰處有兩個輔音字母時，一個輔音字母組屬于前面的音節(jié)，一個屬于后面的音節(jié)。
例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter
② 在重讀和非重讀音節(jié)的相鄰處只有一個輔音字母時，如果前面重讀音節(jié)里的元音是長音則輔字組屬于后面一個音節(jié)，如果重讀音節(jié)里的元音是短音，則輔音字母屬于重讀音節(jié)。
例如：長音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther 短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er
單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié)。用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)詞的讀音時，應(yīng)使用重讀符號。單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié)，標(biāo)記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號。
① 絕對開音節(jié)：單個元音字母后面沒有輔音字母的重讀音節(jié)。
例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret
② 相對開音節(jié)：單個元音字母后面加單個輔音字母，再加一個不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié)。
例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse
單個元音字母后面有輔音字母（r、w、y 除外）且以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)。
例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup
① 雙音節(jié)詞的第一個音節(jié)通常是重讀音節(jié)。
例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前綴的雙音節(jié)詞往往是在第二個音節(jié)上重讀。雙音節(jié)詞的重讀位置不會因增加前綴或后綴而發(fā)生改變。
例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor
多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)重讀。
例如： el-e-phant
詞尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的詞，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個音節(jié)上重讀。
例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion
1、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | a | 在開音節(jié)中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 在閉音節(jié)中 | [?] | bag dad hat map black back | e | 在開音節(jié)中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 在閉音節(jié)中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | i | 在開音節(jié)中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 在閉音節(jié)中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | o | 在開音節(jié)中 | [?u] | those close go hoe home no | 在閉音節(jié)中 | [?] | clock not box shop sock | u | 在開音節(jié)中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 在閉音節(jié)中 | [? ] | bus cup jump much lunch | 在開音節(jié)中，元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時讀[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
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2、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | a | [?] | China another woman breakfast | [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | e | [?] | hundred student open weekend | [i] | chicken pocket begin children | i | [i] | holiday beautiful family animal | [ai] | exercise satellite | o | [?] | second tonight somebody welcome | [?u] | also zero photo | u | [?] | autumn diffcult | [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置，a讀[ei]音，例如：operate | u處在開音節(jié)位置，又在輔音字母j l r s后面時，讀[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue |
在非重讀音節(jié)中，許多單詞中的元音字母a e i 既可以讀作[?]音可以讀作[i]音。 |
3、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音 元音字母 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | a在[w]音后面 | [?] | want what watch wash quality | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | o在-st -ld前 | [?u] | most postcard old cold | o在m n v th前 | [?] | come monkey love mother
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4、-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | ar
ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | [?:] | warm quarter towards | or
or在[w]音后面 | [?:] | forty morning short | [?:] | word worker worse | er ir ur | [?:] | certainly bird Thursday | 輔音字母r雙寫時，前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音。例如： carry sorry hurry | -r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[?]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday
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5、-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | are | [ε?] | care dare hare | ere | [i?] | here mere | ire | [ai?] | fire hire wire | ore | [?:] | more score before | ure | [ju?] | pure cure | are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中，ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[t??]音或[??]，例如：picture pleasure | 重讀元音字母加Rr，再加非重讀元字組時，重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀，字母Rr讀[r]音。
例如：parent zero story during inspiring | 某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長音短化現(xiàn)象。
例如：orange very American paragraph
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6、元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | air | [ε?] | air hair chair pair repair | al al在f m前 | [?:l] | small ball talk wall all | [?:l] | always also salt almost | [α:] | half calm | au/aw | [?:] | autumn daughter draw | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | [ei] | break great | ear | [i?] | hear dear near clear year | [ε?] | bear pear wear swear | [?:] | earth learn early | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | eer | [i?] | pioneer deer beer | ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | [i:] | either key | eu/ew在
j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | [u:] | flew brew jewelry | ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | oa | [?u] | coat Joan boat goal | oar/oor | [?:] | roar board door floor | oi/oy | [?i] | noise point boy toilet | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | [u] | book look cook foot good | ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | [?u] | know row throw though | [?] | young country enough | [u:] | group you soup | our | [?:] | course your four | [au?] | our hour ours | [?:] | journey | ui
在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition suit | [u:] | juice fruit
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7、非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音
元音字組或字群 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey | ow | [?u] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | | -sion -tion | [??n] | impression nation | -sion在元音字母后 | [??n] | vision decision occasion | -tion在s后 | [t??n] | question suggestion | -sten | [sn] | listen | -stle | [sl] | whistle | -sure | [??] | pleasure measure | -ture | [t??] | picture culture
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8、元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號，但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀。
例如：
everyday[ei]
handbag[?]
blackboard[?:] | 有些詞隨著語言的發(fā)展，前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義，融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音。
例如：
sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日
break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 ＞ breakfast[?]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] ＞ cupboard[?:] 碗柜
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9、輔字組的讀音
輔字組 | 讀 音 | 例 詞 | b | [b] | bike bus bag | [/] | bomb tomb | c
c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | [s] | face decide cinema | ch | [t?] | much chick rich teacher | [k] | school headache chemistry | [?] | machine Chicago | -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | -dge | [d?] | bridge fridge | dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | f | [f] | five four breakfast | g
g在e i/y前 | [g] | bag gardon go | [d?] | orange large German | gh | [f] | cough enough photo | [/] | light daughter high | gu- -gue
gu在非重讀音節(jié)中 | [g] | guess league dialogue | [gw] | language anguish | h | [h] | hot head house hand | [/] | hour honest | j | [d?] | jeep jar joke join July | k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | kn- | [n] | knife know knock | l | [l] | life milk school tall | m | [m] | monkey come autumn | -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | n
n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | [?] | uncle thank hungry | -ng | [n] | morning young wrong | p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | q | [k] | Iraq | qu- | [kw] | quality quite | r | [r] | red rubber ruler | s在詞首或清輔音前
元音字母間或濁輔音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | [z] | music husband | sc- | [sk] | scar | [s] | muscle science | sh | [?] | she fish shirt wash | t在通常情況下
在弱讀字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | [?] | patient nation | tch | [t?] | watch | th在通常情況下
在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中
在詞尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | [e] | the these with than | [e] | clothe father weather | tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | v | [v] | very voice love leave | w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | [/] | answer two | wh-
wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | [h] | who whose whole | x
在重讀元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | [gz] | examle exist exact | wr- | [r] | write | y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo
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