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英語(yǔ)里時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法大全

 新概念英語(yǔ)教學(xué) 2020-11-17

英語(yǔ)里總共有三大類(lèi)從句,即名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。

我們之前已經(jīng)分享過(guò)名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容:

名詞性從句

主要包括四類(lèi)(請(qǐng)戳下面的標(biāo)題回顧相關(guān)的具體內(nèi)容):

主語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句

分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,具體可參看(請(qǐng)戳下面的標(biāo)題回顧相關(guān)的具體內(nèi)容):

一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(一)

一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(二)

一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(三)

接下來(lái),我們繼續(xù)分享狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。

一、定義

顧名思義,狀語(yǔ)從句就是指句子中的狀語(yǔ)原本是由單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?,但?dāng)狀語(yǔ)是由句子來(lái)充當(dāng)時(shí),這個(gè)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

  • He left the party at eight.

  • He left the party when it was eight.

第一句中的at eight是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),是由短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)摹?/span>

第二句中的when it was eight也是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但是由句子來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?,這個(gè)句子就叫(時(shí)間)狀語(yǔ)從句。

二、分類(lèi)

英語(yǔ)里的狀語(yǔ)總共有九種,即:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、比較、方式、讓步。而英語(yǔ)里的狀語(yǔ)從句也因此包括這九種,接下去我們就一一來(lái)梳理這九種從句的用法。需要注意的是,狀語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)其實(shí)就是有關(guān)連接這些狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞的學(xué)習(xí)。

三、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

常連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:

  • when, while, as;

  • before, after;

  • as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...;

  • till, until;

  • since;

  • by, by the time, by the end of。

(一)when、while和as的用法

三者都表示“當(dāng)...時(shí)候”,需要注意的是:

1、當(dāng)所要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)

1)when要采用“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則,即:主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

  • When he comes, I will tell him the good news.

需要注意的是,此時(shí)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但其實(shí)是表將來(lái)的。如上句中的he comes,他其實(shí)還沒(méi)來(lái)。

此外,主句也有可能是祈使句或是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子。如:

  • When he comes, please tell him the good news.

  • When he comes, you can tell him the good news.

2)as的用法跟when差不多,但其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

  • A sudden chill of horror sweeps over her as she feels the drip of saliva upon her hand. (當(dāng)她感覺(jué)到滴到她雙手上的唾液時(shí),恐怖的寒栗突然遍布了她全身。)

3)while所在的句子主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:

  • While my mother is cooking in the kitchen, my father is working in the garden.

2、當(dāng)所要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí)

1)when所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般采用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

  • When he entered the room, she was playing the piano.

  • But when I returned the door was open.

需要注意的是,when也有可能表示“正在這時(shí)”。如:

  • I was walking in the park, when a little child bumped into me. (我正在公園里散步,這時(shí)一個(gè)小孩撞到了我懷里。)

2)as與while的用法差不多,即:as和while所在的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),而另外一個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則采用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

  • As/While the royal visitors were passing by, the crowd burst into cheers.

  • As/While she was reading in the study, he was watching TV in the living room.

(二)before和after的用法

before表示“在...之前”,after表示“在...之后”。使用時(shí)要注意要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)基于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間還是過(guò)去時(shí)間。

1、基于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間

這時(shí),其用法基本遵循時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的“主將從現(xiàn)原則”,即before或after所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如:

  • Before the guests come, we will have to clean the house.

  • After he comes, we will set out for Shanghai.

2、基于過(guò)去時(shí)間

這時(shí),before所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用一般過(guò)去時(shí),其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí),而after所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí),其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

  • Before it began to rain, she had already arrived home.

  • After she had arrived home, it began to rain.

(三)“一...就...”的表達(dá)

英語(yǔ)里常用來(lái)表“一...就...”的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有:as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...。、

1、as soon as

as soon as既可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間中,也可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)間中。當(dāng)用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間中時(shí),遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則;當(dāng)用在過(guò)去時(shí)間中時(shí),as soon as所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí),其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)(如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性很強(qiáng),則采用一般過(guò)去時(shí))。如:

  • 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間:As soon as she comes to the party, we will give her a big surprise.

  • 過(guò)去時(shí)間:As soon as he got to the station, the train left/had left.

2、hardly...when...和no sooner...than...

這兩個(gè)句型都表示“一...就...”,而且用法都差不多,即when和than所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí),其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:

  • He had hardly arrived at school when the class began.

  • He had no sooner arrived at school than the class began.

需要注意的是,hardly有時(shí)可以換成scarcely或rarely或barely。

3、特殊表達(dá)

英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)“一...就...”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:the moment/instant/minute/second...;immediately/instantly/directly...;at/on等。如:

  • He came directly I called.

  • The moment she gets off the bus, we will give her a big hug.

  • On hearing the news, he burst into cries.

(四)till和until

都表示“直到...時(shí)候”,兩者一般可以相互替換,但till多用于肯定句,until多用于否定句。如:

  • She will stay in the office till he comes back.

  • She won't leave the office until he comes back.

需要注意的是,until常與not搭配使用,而且會(huì)用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。如:

  • He didn't arrive until the film had already begun.

  • It was not until the film had already begun that he arrived.

(五)since

當(dāng)since用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思是“自從...以來(lái)”,其往往被當(dāng)作是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:

  • Since he was born, he has lived here for over eighty years.

  • Since we last met, we haven't seen each other for more than ten years.

(六)by、by the time和by the end of

這組結(jié)構(gòu)都表示“到...時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂保渲骶渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都要采用完成時(shí)。需要注意的是,這些結(jié)構(gòu)后面所接的時(shí)間不同,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要采用不同的完成時(shí)態(tài)。

1、后接將來(lái)時(shí)間

這時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要采用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:

  • He will have read ten books by next Friday this month.

  • She will have been learning English for ten years by the end of this term.

  • They will have already left by the time she comes.

2、后接過(guò)去時(shí)間

這時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:

  • They had learned English for ten years by last Saturday.

  • The students had already left the party by the time she arrived.

  • We had worked on the bridge for two years by the end of last month.

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