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高考英語題型技巧解讀——短文改錯(cuò)答題口訣

 關(guān)瑞航 2016-12-22

短文改錯(cuò)是對(duì)語言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查,提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力,除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外,還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標(biāo)明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。小編從語法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,為同學(xué)們整理了一些高考英語短文改錯(cuò)中最常見的幾類錯(cuò)誤。

短文改錯(cuò)口訣:

動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù);

注意形和副;

非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;

習(xí)慣用法要記住;

句子成分多分析;

邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。


動(dòng)詞形

PART 1

主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。

例如My favorite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。



名詞數(shù)

PART 2

指名詞單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。

例如…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)



注意形副

PART 3

區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的常考點(diǎn)。

例如I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。



非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別

PART4

這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。

例如1. …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

2. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

3. My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。



習(xí)慣用法要記住

PART5

主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如

1. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

2. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)



句子成分多分析

PART6

不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。

例如

1. They eager to know everything about China and (were)

2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了謂語動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,which(代“北京”, 在所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中做主語) is the capital of China (系表結(jié)構(gòu))where是副詞,不能作主語。



邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注

PART7

與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如

1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

2. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

3. … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。

除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,??嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。

例如

1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

2. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

3. We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

做下面短文改錯(cuò)題 ,看看是否用到本文的口訣。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous

76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather

77. _____

was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of

78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we

79. _____

climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples

80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.

82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top

83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was

84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my

85. _____

head touched the pillow.


答案與簡(jiǎn)析

76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))此題考查冠詞的基本用法。mountain是可數(shù)名詞,這里是泛指,所以要加不定冠詞a。

77. 正確

78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是簡(jiǎn)單句,必須用復(fù)合連詞when把它們連接起來,構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語從句。

79. them→us (邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)此題考查代詞的用法。這篇短文敘述了作者和他的父母親一起去旅游,這里指的是“我們”,而不是“他們”。

80. visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)并列連詞and連接的是三個(gè)謂語:fed, visited和told。

81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))picture是可數(shù)名詞,從下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出,作者拍了不止一張照片。所以要用復(fù)數(shù)。

82. passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),作者和他父母親旅游的時(shí)間發(fā)生在過去(Last week),所以要用一般過去時(shí)。

83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記?。〦vening came的意思是,到了夜晚。不能用came down。

84. and→but(but,and,or和so)此題考查連詞的基本用法。食物貴(The food was expensive)與服務(wù)好(the service was good)之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,不是并列關(guān)系。

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住)the moment(that)可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意思是“一…就”,前面不用介詞at。在這個(gè)句子中,省略了that。


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