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反義疑問句(The Disjunctive Question) 即附加疑問句.它表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對方證實. 反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前一部分是一個陳述句,后一部分是一個簡短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致. 1．陳述部分肯定式 疑問部分否定式 2．陳述部分否定式 疑問部分肯定式 They work hard, don’t they? She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she? You didn’t go, did you? He can’t ride a bike, can he? He is a student,isn't he? [編輯本段]特殊的句型 請注意以下句型的反義疑問句的用法： 1．當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I , everyone, everything, nobody 時,后面的疑問句應(yīng)表示為： I am a student, aren’t I ? Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they? (基本不用單數(shù)） Nobody will go, will they? 2. 否定 （1）當(dāng)陳述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定詞時,后面的疑問句則為肯定形式： There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? （2）當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定詞綴的派生詞時,疑問部分要用否定形式.如： He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高興,不是嗎? The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?這女孩不喜歡歷史,不是嗎? 3.think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動詞后接賓語從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句在構(gòu)成反意疑問句時,視情況不同有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式. (1.)當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時,其后的簡短問句應(yīng)與從句相一致.例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you? 值得注意的是,當(dāng)這些動詞后接的賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時,其仍屬否定句,故其后的簡短問句應(yīng)用肯定式,而非否定式.例如： I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he? We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此類句子的回答同'前否后肯'型反意疑問句一樣,如上述后一個句子,若雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了,則回答為'Yes, they have.'；若尚未到達,使用'No, they haven't.'. (2).當(dāng)主句的主語為第二、三人稱時,其后的簡短問句則應(yīng)與主句相一致（此時,否定只看主句,與從句無關(guān)...）.例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的時態(tài)是過去時等等,疑問句應(yīng)和主句的人稱時態(tài)保持一致. 4. 陳述部分有had better,或其中的have表示“有”、完成時態(tài) 時,疑問句應(yīng)用hadn’t等開頭： You’d better get up early, hadn’t you? 其他情況句中有have時疑問句應(yīng)用don't等開頭 5.當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時,疑問句要根據(jù)語氣來表達 Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? （當(dāng)開頭是Let‘s時,一定要用shall we.Let us也不行） Let us go out for a walk, will you? Let me help you,may I? Turn on the radio, will you? 6 There be 句型中,反義疑問部分必須為 be 動詞 there There are some apples in the basket, aren't there? There isn't any milk left, is there? 7.當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動詞must,問句有4種情況： （1）mustn't表示“禁止,不可”時,附加問句通常要用must. You mustn't stop your car here,must you? 你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎? （2）must表示“有必要”時,附加問句通常要用needn't. They must finish the work today,needn't they? 他們今天要完成這項工作,是嗎? （3）當(dāng)must用來表示對現(xiàn)在的情況進行推測時,問句通常要根據(jù)must后面的動詞采用相應(yīng)的形式. He must be good at english,isn't he? 他英語一定學(xué)得很好,是嗎? （4）當(dāng)must have done表示對過去的情況進行推測（一般句中有明確的過去時間狀語）,問句要根據(jù)陳述部分謂語的情況用“didn't 主語”或“wasn't/weren't 主語”；如果強調(diào)動作的完成（一般沒有明確的過去時間狀語）,問句要用“haven't/hasn't 主語”. She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說,是嗎? You must have told her about it,haven't you? 你一定把這事告訴她了,是嗎? 8.反意疑問句的回答用yes, no, 但是,回答意思相反,當(dāng)陳述部分是否定形式時,回答要按事實.如： They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作,是嗎? Yes, they do. 不,他們工作努力./No, they don’t. 對, 他們工作不努力 [編輯本段]重點歸納 快速記憶表 陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分 I aren't I Wish may 主語 no,nothing,nobody,never, few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義 rarely, little等否定 含義的詞 ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't 主語 have to v.(had to v.) don't 主語(didn't 主語) used to didn't 主語或 usedn't 主語 had better v. hadn't you would rather v. wouldn't 主語 you'd like to v. wouldn't 主語 must 根據(jù)實際情況而定 感嘆句中 be 主語 Neither…nor, either…or 連接的根 據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定 并列主語 指示代詞或不定代詞 everything,that, 主語用it nothing,this 并列復(fù)合句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定 定語從句,賓語從句的 主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語而定 think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句 everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he 情態(tài)動詞dare或need need (dare ) 主語 dare, need 為實義動詞 do 主語 省去主語的祈使句 will you? Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you? there be 相應(yīng)的謂語動詞 there(省略主語代詞） 否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式 must表'推測' 根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句 |
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