作者 DESIGNER 清華大學(xué):高浩歌、王佳怡、唐波晗 2016年UIA-霍普杯國(guó)際大學(xué)生建筑設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽由伯納德·屈米先生擔(dān)任評(píng)委會(huì)主席,通過此次“概念與標(biāo)示”為主題的競(jìng)賽,希望尋找既有概念,又有代表性的新模式(fresh mode of representation)的作品。Time Flows, A Cemetery that Tells a Story作品挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)于墓地固有的認(rèn)知,于鬧市之中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)包容城市日常生活的畫卷式公墓,通過一種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的敘事性參與,為人們紀(jì)念死者、審視死亡提供新的空間。 Time Flows, A Cemetery that Tells a Story 概念|我們的墓地哲學(xué) Concept | On Life and Death 在世界上很多地方,尤其在中國(guó),死亡是需要避諱的事物。人們害怕死亡,所以也避忌與死亡有關(guān)的一切,包括墓地。人們往往將墓地與不吉利、陰森、鬼怪聯(lián)系在一起,墓地多在遙遠(yuǎn)的山林里,每年僅有清明時(shí)節(jié)會(huì)去掃墓。人們生活在充滿人情味的城市,死后卻被葬在沒有一個(gè)人的地方。 然而我們認(rèn)為,死亡是生命的一個(gè)狀態(tài),它是美麗的,是生活的另一種映像。因此,墓地應(yīng)是一個(gè)美麗又日常的場(chǎng)所,就像任何一個(gè)圖書館、商店、餐廳一樣。它是人們生活中的場(chǎng)所,也是生命的映像,我們可以自由拜訪那里,不會(huì)感到恐懼,而會(huì)感受到生命的美好。這是我們紀(jì)念逝去者的最好方式。 Life is ordinary and beautiful. So is death. People fear death and evade things pertaining to it, including a cemetery. On designing this cemetery, we believe, however, that a cemetery should be a usual and beautiful place in a city, like libraries and shops. We pass them and pay a visit there on a daily basis, feeling no fear but fabulous upon life and death.
基地|南鑼鼓巷,北京 Site|Nan Luo Gu Xiang, Beijing 基地南鑼鼓巷,北京 南鑼鼓巷,北京城內(nèi)的一條著名的街巷,具有傳統(tǒng)北京的街道格局、年輕而有特色的各類店鋪與不間斷的人流。像北京舊城的很多街區(qū)一樣,在南鑼鼓巷一帶,仍然固執(zhí)地留在那些合院老房中生活的多是一些老人,即便旅游與發(fā)展改變了這里,他們也不愿改變自己的生活方式,不愿離開自己的家園。他們希望在此安度晚年,甚至長(zhǎng)眠于此。一個(gè)公墓也恰恰回應(yīng)了他們的需求。 Nan Luo Gu Xiang is a well-known hutong in Beijing, attracting featured shops and millions of tourists worldwide. It is located in the old town of Beijing, surrounded by hutongs and courtyards. Like many other traditional neighborhoods in Beijing, a large percentage of the local residents are aged people. They do not want to leave their neighborhoods until death, and even after death. Therefore, a cemetery along the hutong will meet the need. 我們選擇南鑼鼓巷中的一個(gè)地塊作為公墓的所在地,希望在這最具生活氣息、熱鬧而有生命力的傳統(tǒng)街巷中記錄生活、講述死亡、詮釋生命。我們力圖讓死亡平?;屓藗兘邮芩?,包容它,看淡它,理解它。我們相信,在未來,公墓會(huì)是一個(gè)尋常而并不悲傷的地方,承載并傳承著人類的記憶。 By locating the cemetery along a busy market hutong, we try to make death normal or usual. We believe in the future a cemetery will be anything but a sad place. Instead, it will become a common place, like libraries or shops, that everyone won’t mind paying a visit and spend time there. Memories, thus, will be preserved, treasured and carried over time. 設(shè)計(jì)效果 空間組織 古老的東方繪畫慣以長(zhǎng)卷的形式展現(xiàn)古時(shí)熱鬧的街市景象。當(dāng)畫卷逐漸展開,它所講述的生活故事也隨之展開,我們似乎可以聽到喧嚷的叫賣聲、聞到集市上小吃饞人的香味。這種通感源于我們觀看這幅繪畫的方式,即一種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的敘事性參與:無論人動(dòng)還是畫動(dòng),人與畫都不可避免地產(chǎn)生了互動(dòng);人的感受映射在畫中,畫的故事映射在人的腦海。因而隨著時(shí)間流逝,集體的記憶經(jīng)過一次次的觀看與被看而遺留在畫中,現(xiàn)時(shí)的人們?nèi)阅苡|碰感受到彼時(shí)最鮮活的生活記憶。 In many ancient eastern scroll paintings, we see a continuous display and depiction of daily scenes happening on the street. As the scroll unfolds, the narration begins and develops gradually, forming instantly images with sounds and even smells in our minds. Such phenomenon of empathy arises because of the dynamic approach we adopt to view the painting. That is, to keep either we or the painting in motion. 古老的繪畫 我們從這古老的繪畫中得來靈感,希望創(chuàng)造一個(gè)隨時(shí)空變化更新、映射包容城市日常生活的畫卷式公墓。它是美麗又日常的:美麗,在于它映射出自然、城市、人,一切生命的印記;日常,在于它成為一個(gè)場(chǎng)所,一個(gè)人們生活中會(huì)造訪的場(chǎng)所。人們沿著畫卷前行,休憩,冥想,感悟生命的故事。 Drawing inspirations from these eastern scroll paintings, we want to create a cemetery that displays daily life on the street in dynamic ways and becomes daily places that everyone wishes to pay a visit. It is a cemetery that tells a story about life and death.
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的概念,我們?cè)趫?chǎng)地中設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)200米的蜿蜒折疊的畫幕墻。它不是靜態(tài)的實(shí)墻,而是會(huì)隨時(shí)空變化的動(dòng)態(tài)記錄者。它接收到人們每日的城市生活,通過過濾、反射、折射的方式將這些影像與記憶傳達(dá)給過路者與身臨其中的人。它延伸到地下,神圣的大地是逝去者的紀(jì)念堂,山水迂回,引導(dǎo)著人們前行,由熱鬧的現(xiàn)實(shí)到寧?kù)o的生境,再到地下的空靈。
畫幕墻 人們看到的公墓,永遠(yuǎn)是生活與自然的折射。一面是充滿日常生活的街景片段,一面是靜謐祥和的自然片段。這是一個(gè)互動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)過程,沒有一刻的公墓是相同的;我們用時(shí)空記錄建筑,不同的時(shí)間、空間下人的情感與活動(dòng)狀態(tài)、建筑的狀態(tài)、城市的狀態(tài)、自然的狀態(tài),整合在一起,形成了我們勾勒的公墓形象。 The cemetery will always be a reflection of life and nature. At the inner side of the wall, one will find the vivid image and sound of the daily activities on the street filtered by the wall, rediscovering the beauty of city life. While at the outer side of the wall, one will find the serenity and lush of nature, understanding the beauty of the lost spirits which have become part of the nature. 畫幕墻折射的生活片段 運(yùn)動(dòng)是生命的基本屬性,劃分生死,詮釋了生命的無限形式。在公墓中,為了讓城市生活和自然可以更好地被感知,我們重視對(duì)空間與時(shí)間中的運(yùn)動(dòng)的引導(dǎo)與表達(dá)。我們從海浪、群山等自然現(xiàn)象中提取出了空間的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化模式,從一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)舞者的舞蹈過程中提取出了時(shí)間的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化模式,并將這兩種模式疊加在一起,形成了柵格化的起伏的帶狀空間,成為畫幕墻的形式,捕捉、分解、重新組合場(chǎng)地內(nèi)外的運(yùn)動(dòng),創(chuàng)造更好的體驗(yàn)。 Life is about movement. When we stop moving, we are in death. In the state of life, we love, talk, see, listen, run and dance. In the state of death, our hearts stop pumping, lungs stop breathing, ears stop hearing, eyes stop visioning, arms stop waving and legs stop stretching. Everything will be in statics. Thus, movement is a critical element to demonstrate life and death. In the cemetery, we are trying to depict and document the daily movement of people and nature in urban environment. By drawing a typical motion pattern of space from receding tides and drawing a typical motion pattern of time from a moving ballet dancer, we make the pattern of the wall a combination of stratified segments, which captivates, decompose, and recombine the motions through time and space. The cemetery, in this way, becomes a narration of life and nature. 從舞者中提取時(shí)間運(yùn)動(dòng)模式
流動(dòng)的光影 建筑構(gòu)造展示 作為一個(gè)北京老城中的城市項(xiàng)目,公墓的地面部分順應(yīng)胡同與合院的尺度,追求自然的和諧。它在塑造出互動(dòng)而富有變化的街道界面的同時(shí),為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駝?chuàng)造了一個(gè)自然親切的公園。它成為社區(qū)鄰里的一部分,人們隨時(shí)可以來到這里,而不會(huì)感到恐懼或不適。自然在墻的過濾下似隱似現(xiàn),滲透而出,用自然之美喚起人們對(duì)逝去之美的感受。 As an urban project in the old town of Beijing, the cemetery is designed to fit the context and scale of hutongs and courtyards. It is humble and translucent. Rather than an isolated cemetery with only bereaved families visiting, the cemetery in this project provides an urban park for the local residents. It is a part of the neighborhood and a part of people’s daily lives. It is a place where every one can go at any time, without fears and distastes.
公墓的主要儀式性場(chǎng)所位于地下。地面上通透而變化的墻延伸到地下,形成倒映的模糊的城市與自然影像,為地下營(yíng)造幽靜而肅穆的光環(huán)境;同時(shí)它們也是逝去者的墓碑。與規(guī)則的傳統(tǒng)公墓不同的是,地下空間采用了自然起伏的地面,回應(yīng)自然的地形,創(chuàng)造流動(dòng)的空間,為人們紀(jì)念死者、審視死亡提供新的空間。 The basic functional spaces of the cemetery are put under the ground. The wall on the ground has its counterpart under the ground, which provides light and tombstones for memorial. Unlike most cemeteries with regular spaces, the undulating floor referring to natural terrains and the free flows of spaces offer a new way to view death and to cherish the lost ones. 流動(dòng)的追思悼念空間 當(dāng)人們一步步走上臺(tái)階, 從肅穆而神圣的地下場(chǎng)所走向光明; 看到眼前的自然山水, 寧?kù)o的紀(jì)念之湖與靜謐的草坪; 又隱約看到來自街道方向, 或隱或現(xiàn)的市井; 向街道的方向走去, 漸漸地,城市的影像、聲音、味道 越來越清晰而鮮活; 走出的那一刻, 人們會(huì)真實(shí)地感受到, 這就到生命。 如此美麗,又如此日常。 成果 HARVEST 有哪些可以提升設(shè)計(jì)水平的在線課程 1.入職培訓(xùn) 2.分析圖、平面圖類 數(shù)據(jù)可視化:大數(shù)據(jù)背景下的景觀建筑規(guī)劃分析圖 景觀分析圖:景觀分析圖與精致文本制作 建筑分析圖:建筑設(shè)計(jì)分析圖第7期 3.效果圖 室內(nèi)效果圖:VFS室內(nèi)表現(xiàn)+360度全景渲染 室外+室內(nèi)效果圖:直播Vray渲染+PS后期制作大神效果圖 PS后期:PS后期表現(xiàn)教學(xué)視頻+輔導(dǎo),從零基礎(chǔ)到完全掌握 4.建模 Sketchup:老K教你實(shí)現(xiàn)Sketchup高效建模,提升建模技巧 Rhino:學(xué)Rhino不僅僅是模仿獨(dú)特建筑的“外殼”,Rhino+gh實(shí)用教程 5.作品集輔導(dǎo) 聯(lián)系微信號(hào)ieday6 圖文類教程 沒材質(zhì)、沒光影、沒逼格?看這位大牛如何把純線稿PS出高端效果 教你制作冬季雪景效果圖|寒冷與溫暖相融,簡(jiǎn)直太贊了! SU+PS輕松快速讓你的設(shè)計(jì)表達(dá)提升逼格 教你用PS Duang~個(gè)雪景,以后人人都可以讓六月飛雪 教你用SU簡(jiǎn)單渲染+PS后期出一張高水準(zhǔn)效果圖 超清福利! 有如此齊全的優(yōu)質(zhì)素材再也不用擔(dān)心畫不好圖了 設(shè)計(jì)e周 | 設(shè)計(jì)互動(dòng)知識(shí)社群 ID: iedaycn |
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