Gaga很久沒出新歌了，這首新歌送個備考路上的你們，加油~！

又是一個周末，又是換主題的一天，今天開始，歷史文化類走起~！

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本文選自【紐約客】：過勞死：日本工作文化的必然！

背景知識  每天工作12小時，這對于世界上許多的國家，以及許多的職業(yè)而言都是難以想象的事?？稍谌毡具@個國家，在時間的沉淀下形成的工作文化，卻使得每天工作超過12小時都不是事?？上攵?，在如此高強度的超時勞作下，人們的身體受到了多大的摧殘。而過勞死正是由這種工作文化而衍生的必然發(fā)展趨勢。近年大幅增加的過勞死人數(shù)又能否給日本人民敲響警鐘，亦或者促使當局出臺相應(yīng)政策已改變此種情形？

         1 “In a Japanese workplace, overtime work is always there. It’s almost as if it is part of scheduled working hours,” said Koji Morioka, an emeritus professor at Kansai University who is on a committee of experts advising the government on ways to combat karoshi. 2 “It’s not forced by anyone, but workers feel it like it’s compulsory.” 3 While the basic workweek is 40 hours, many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being given a bad performance evaluation. 4 This has led to the concept of “service overtime” — “service” being Japanese for “free.”

        5 This relentless schedule has led to karoshi — either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork — becoming a recognized cause of death. 6 Labor ministry figures show that 189 deaths were classified this way last year, although experts think the actual number is in the thousands.

【詞匯】

scheduled    /'s?edju:?ld/    adj. 嚴格按時間表安排的

emeritus    /?'mer?t?s/     adj. 退休的

karoshi    /k?'r????/    n. 過勞死

compulsory    /k?m'p?ls(?)r?/     adj. 必須做的，強制性的

evaluation    /??v?lj??e???n/     n. 評估，評價

relentless    /r?'lentl?s/     adj. 殘酷的，不留情的

fatal    /'fe?t(?)l/    adj. 致命的

stroke    /str??k/    n. 中風

suicide     /'s(j)u??sa?d/     n. 自殺

trigger    /'tr?g?/     v. 引發(fā)

classify    /'kl?s?fa?/    v. 分類

【知識點】

1、lead to    導(dǎo)致

【逐句精講】

1 “In a Japanese workplace, overtime work is always there. It’s almost as if it is part of scheduled working hours,” said Koji Morioka, an emeritus professor at Kansai University who is on a committee of experts advising the government on ways to combat karoshi. 

分析 本句主干是said Koji Morioka。引號內(nèi)是賓語從句；who引導(dǎo)的從句修飾an emeritus professor。

翻譯 “在日本職場中加班太常見了，就好像原本的工作時間就該這么長一樣?！标P(guān)西大學(xué)的退休教授盛岡浩二表示，他所在的專家委員會為政府提供咨詢協(xié)助解決過勞死問題。

2 “It’s not forced by anyone, but workers feel it like it’s compulsory.” 

分析 引號內(nèi)容接上句，依然是賓語從句，從句主干是It’s not forced, but workers feel it like。

翻譯 “沒有任何人逼你，但員工感覺這么做是必須的?！?/span>

3 While the basic workweek is 40 hours, many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being given a bad performance evaluation. 

分析 本句主干是many workers don’t put in for extra hours。

翻譯 每周基本上班時間應(yīng)該是40小時，很多職員并不是因為害怕工作表現(xiàn)得到差評才超時工作的。

4 This has led to the concept of “service overtime” — “service” being Japanese for “free.”

分析 本句主干是This has led to the concept。

翻譯 這是出于“超時服務(wù)”的觀念——而“服務(wù)”則意味著“免費”。

5 This relentless schedule has led to karoshi — either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork — becoming a recognized cause of death. 

分析 本句主干是This relentless schedule has led to karoshi。

翻譯 殘酷的工作日程導(dǎo)致了過勞死——要么是致命的心臟病、中風，要么是因為加班導(dǎo)致的自殺——這已經(jīng)成為一項被統(tǒng)計計入的死因。

6 Labor ministry figures show that 189 deaths were classified this way last year, although experts think the actual number is in the thousands.

分析 本句主干是Labor ministry figures show that。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中主干是189 deaths were classified this way。although引導(dǎo)的從句表讓步。

翻譯 日本勞工部的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表示，去年有過189例過勞導(dǎo)致的死亡，但專家認為實際數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該上千。

親們覺得老師講的好，就打賞個銅板唄?。?！你們的賞贊是對我勞動成果的最大肯定~~~打賞可按住二維碼進行哦。