短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型

  一、“短文改錯(cuò)”題中的常見錯(cuò)誤類型     

   (一) 名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤多指名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤，名詞所有格中“’s”的誤置等。例如:

   1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.

   2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.

   3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.

   4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...

 (二) 動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。例如:

   1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...

   2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.

   3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.

   4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.

 (三) 形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級(jí)而未用的“暗中比較”。例如:

   1. They came back lately and had some tea.

   2.... you always gave me specially attention ...

   3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.

   4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...

   5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.

   6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.

   (四) 連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性一致問(wèn)題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。

   1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.

   2. I became very active but made new friends.

   3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.

   4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.

   5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

  (五) 代詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤，定語(yǔ)從句中多用代詞等。

   1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.

   2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...

   3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.

   4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...

   5. I just smiled to me and thought ...

   6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.

   7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.

 (六) 介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語(yǔ)搭配的錯(cuò)誤等。例如:

   1. The crowd waiting for to greet them inEnglandwas very surprised ...

   2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.

   3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ...

   4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...

   5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.

   6. Could you share your experience for us?

   7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.

(七) 冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤多指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時(shí)也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如:

   1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea betweenFranceandEnglandin the balloon in 1784.

   2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...

   3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.

   4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.

 (八) 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意把握文中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律，注意把握諸個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如:

   1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.

   2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.

   3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”

   4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.

   5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.

(九) 主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤

   這類錯(cuò)誤主要指主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤。因此做題時(shí)，要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要和句子主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

   1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”

   2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

   3. Here are the information about Manchester  University.

   4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...

(十) 短語(yǔ)、句型固定搭配錯(cuò)誤

   主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。

   1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.  keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.

   2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.   To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

   3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

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