新課標(biāo)高考英語語法定語從句高考真題例析 定語從句(一) 考點1正確選擇關(guān)系詞 1.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014·重慶,9) 答案 which/that 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:再有一個月我們就能完成年初制訂的銷售目標(biāo)了。which/that指代targets,在從句中充當(dāng)set的賓語。 2.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南,31) 答案 when 解析 考查定語從句。先行詞為the day,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。 3.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽,22) 答案 which/that 解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是the exact year,定語從句中的動詞spent是及物動詞,后面缺少賓語,故填which/that。 4.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山東,10) 答案 whose 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:國內(nèi)市場利潤萎縮的公司可能會尋求國外市場的機會??崭窈竺~profits和先行詞company形成所屬關(guān)系,故應(yīng)填whose。 5.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陜西,13) 答案 that 解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是information,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作及物動詞have的賓語,且先行詞有不定代詞all修飾,故關(guān)系詞只能用that。 6.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013·湖南,21) 答案 who 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:快樂和成功總是會眷顧那些善于認(rèn)清自己的優(yōu)點和特長的人。分析句子成分后可知,“are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句修飾先行詞those,從句中缺少主語,指人,所以用who引導(dǎo)。 名師點撥 做此類題的關(guān)鍵是判斷先行詞和分析句子成分。 若句中缺少主語、賓語、表語、定語,則用關(guān)系代詞; 若句中缺少狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞。 然后再根據(jù)先行詞的特點確定具體用哪一個關(guān)系代(副)詞。 考點2where引導(dǎo)定語從句 7.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014·福建,31) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞community activities,且在從句中作地點狀語。 8.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江蘇,22) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:這本書在日常交際中給予我很大的幫助,尤其是在第一印象至關(guān)重要的工作中。根據(jù)句意知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故填關(guān)系副詞where。 9.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.(2009·福建,24) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation,指物,亦可指地點,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,用關(guān)系副詞where。 名師點撥 借助于“句子成分分析法”,確定先行詞,分析從句中若缺少地點狀語,則用where來引導(dǎo)。注意表示抽象地點的先行詞有:case,point,situation,condition,activity,job,race,position,stage,degree等。 考點3which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 10.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.(2014·四川,4) 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定語從句。此題考查which指代整個主句內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which在定語從句中作主語。句意為:到現(xiàn)在為止,我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子募捐到了50 000英鎊,這是完全沒有預(yù)料到的。 11.is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013·陜西,16) 答案 As 解析 句意為:就像其他小孩子一樣,醫(yī)生來的時候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是這樣,此處as引導(dǎo)定語從句。 12.We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013·天津,6) 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定語從句。which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面整個句子。 名師點撥 as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的特點以及兩者的區(qū)別:as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、句中、句尾,而which從句只能置于被修飾句子的后面;which可在從句中作實義動詞的主語,as不可;主、從句語義不一致時,只能用which;as含有“正如”之意,which沒有。 考點4“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句 13.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,(每一種文化) uses it differently.(2014·天津,12) 答案 each of which 解析 考查定語從句。前后兩個分句間無連詞,由標(biāo)點符號“逗號”可知,此處為非限制性定語從句,對先行詞diverse cultures進行補充說明,又由后面謂語動詞uses可知,應(yīng)填each of which。 14.The children,(所有的孩子) had played the whole day long,were worn out.(2013·浙江,5) 答案 all of whom 解析 考查定語從句。先行詞為children,故需要用who(m)來指代,再根據(jù)漢語提示即可確定答案。 15.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,(大多數(shù)人) are family members.(2013·重慶,24) 答案 most of whom 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:約翰大約邀請了40人參加他的婚禮,其中大多數(shù)是他的家人。先行詞是40 people,指人;再根據(jù)句意可知用關(guān)系代詞whom。 名師點撥 根據(jù)標(biāo)點符號和有無連詞,判斷是非限制性定語從句還是并列句。如果句與句之間有并列連詞and,but或者分號,則是并列句;如果是逗號,且逗號后的內(nèi)容是對前面內(nèi)容的補充說明,則是非限制性定語從句,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系詞。然后用“代入”法,把關(guān)系代詞換成先行詞,其關(guān)系就一目了然了。如上面1題中each of which =each of the cultures;2題中all of whom =all of the children。 考點5定語從句與狀語從句的比較 16.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013·浙江,13) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built為定語從句,a viewing platform為先行詞,從句缺少地點狀語,應(yīng)當(dāng)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 17.If you happen to get lost in the wild,you’d better stay you are and wait for help.(2012·四川,10) 答案 where 解析 考查地點狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語表明主句動作發(fā)生的地點,即:你最好呆在你現(xiàn)在所在的地方。 18.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014·江西,35) 答案 when 解析 考查狀語從句。句意為:當(dāng)我的父親把我叫醒并告訴我看足球賽的時候,那時是午夜。本句中it指代“時間”,when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。 名師點撥 做此類題的關(guān)鍵是分析從句中是否有先行詞。若有,則為定語從句;若沒有,則是狀語從句、強調(diào)句等。 考點6定語從句與強調(diào)句的比較 19.It was the culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建,29) 答案 that 解析 考查強調(diào)句。句意為:是風(fēng)俗文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。這里強調(diào)主語部分the culture,rather than the language,所以用that引導(dǎo)。 名師點撥 區(qū)分定語從句還是強調(diào)句,看從句中是否缺少句子成分,如果去掉it is/was...that/who...,結(jié)構(gòu)仍完整,則為強調(diào)句,反之,則是定語從句。 定語從句(二) ?、?高考變式——用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1.I borrowed the book SherlockHolmesfrom the library last week,my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京,26) 答案 which 解析 考查定語從句。此處SherlockHolmes是先行詞,作recommended的賓語;又因為是非限制性定語從句,故填which。 2.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江,5) 答案 when 解析 考查定語從句。上句說“我直到五年級才成為一個熱衷攀爬的人”,后面句子就是在五年級這個時間,作者去樹上把一個風(fēng)箏取了下來。the fifth grade為先行詞,作后面句子的時間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。 3.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013·北京,27) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:目前,許多國家正在建立一些國家公園,動物和植物在那兒可以得到保護。先行詞為national parks,且在定語從句中作地點狀語,故填where。 4.There is no simple answer,is often the case in science.(2013·山東,31) 答案 as 解析 考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。as is often the case為固定搭配,意為“情況通常是這樣”。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代整句話的內(nèi)容,可置于句首、句中或句尾。 5.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,4) 答案 where 解析 句意為:當(dāng)我到達的時候,拜倫帶我去看了我將要住的房子。此處先行詞是the house,從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 6.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2013·安徽,29) 答案 which 解析 句意為:莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎,這使得中國人多年來的一個夢想成為現(xiàn)實。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代逗號前的全部內(nèi)容。 7.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013·福建,27) 答案 whose 解析 句意為:這本書透過生活受到地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。本題的先行詞是those表示人,定語從句的主語是lives,與先行詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。 8.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013·江蘇,32) 答案 which 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:世界銀行的總裁說他喜歡中國,這一點他記得早在他的童年時期就開始了。which指代“喜愛中國”這件事。 9.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西,33) 答案 where 解析 考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:他寫了一封信,在信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生的事情。定語從句中主謂賓俱全,缺少狀語,因此填where,在本句中相當(dāng)于in which。 10.He may win the competition,in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013·遼寧,34) 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定語從句。in which case意為“在這種情況下”。
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