一年一度各大高校的畢業(yè)典禮已拉開序幕,每一個(gè)畢業(yè)季,我們經(jīng)常會(huì)被各種畢業(yè)典禮演講刷屏,現(xiàn)在小編的腦海中已經(jīng)閃現(xiàn)了史蒂夫·喬布斯的Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. 其實(shí)除了國際名人,最好的演講通常是來自我們可能從未聽說過的作者、記者、教師、科學(xué)家,他們與畢業(yè)生分享偉大的建議和智慧。 在國外學(xué)習(xí)生活中,同學(xué)們不可避免地需要進(jìn)行一些討論和演講表達(dá),現(xiàn)在小編截取歷年經(jīng)典的畢業(yè)演講,從選材、結(jié)構(gòu)、主題等方面,從而分享一些寫作的建議和技巧,幫助你寫出一篇適合自己且鼓舞人心的演講稿! 1. 我的演講想要表達(dá)什么? “I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I asked myself what I wished I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this. -JK ROWLING at Harvard University, 2000 思考你想要告訴畢業(yè)生,他們的家人、朋友、老師、以及體育館的其他人什么? 這些人可能在YouTube、Twitter、Facebook分享你的演講。許多經(jīng)典的畢業(yè)典禮演講時(shí)值得一遍又一遍的聽讀。所以找到合適的主題相當(dāng)艱巨,更重要的是你的理念是否得到了真確的傳達(dá)。知道這是一個(gè)明顯跡象,說明你關(guān)心你的信息和你想的是正確的。這里有一些有關(guān)個(gè)人此刻感受開場(chǎng)的演講例子: “ I don’t make speeches. Despite what I do for a living, I’m basically kind of shy. But about a little over a year ago, Larry, you know Larry, Larry called. We traded phone calls and I finally reached him and he was on his sailboat. He said to me, “Listen, I want you to give this speech in 2008.” And I had just started at the Today show and everything I read said the show is going to tank now that Katie was gone. I said, “Listen, Larry, I could really screw up my job and then you’re not going to want me here giving the commencement address. He sort of laughed and he said, “Don’t worry about it.” And then I said, “Plus, I don’t even know what I would say to these students.” He said, “Oh, you’ve got a year to think about it.” And then there must have been a gust of wind because his voice sort of trailed off and the last thing I heard him say was, “Speak from your heart, Meredith.”So for the past year I’ve been trying to think of what I should say to you. -MEREDITH VIEIRA, JOURNALIST Tufts University “This is not the first commencement address I have ever given. But the task of dispensing advice to a group of young strangers, and, worse, the job of reassuring them about the future does not get any easier with time or practice. Current events are no help, as usual, when it comes to dispensing optimism. -BILLY COLLINS, POET LAUREATE Collorado College 畢業(yè)典禮演講中應(yīng)該寫什么?通常,畢業(yè)典禮演講包含生活建議、智慧言語、經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、如何成功、保持快樂等等生活中重要的事情。它似乎確實(shí)都可以歸結(jié)為一個(gè)永恒的問題:如何成為快樂和成功?我們都不想知道嗎? !除非你是禪宗大師,否則你很可能還在尋找這些答案。 2. 如何構(gòu)建演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)? 這部分為大家分享四個(gè)方法來構(gòu)建畢業(yè)演講。這些也并不是唯一的方法來構(gòu)建一份演講稿, 在閱讀和瀏覽多個(gè)演說后,那些經(jīng)典優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)演講都運(yùn)用過這四種模式。希望這些框架能夠讓你的演講組織起來更容易一點(diǎn),重要的是當(dāng)你演講時(shí)不要?dú)怵H當(dāng)。 I. 利用個(gè)人故事聯(lián)系主題 這種模式適用于2~5個(gè)主題的演講,不同主題處于同等級(jí)別,而故事將不同的主題聯(lián)系過渡。(對(duì)聽者而言,故事往往更具吸引力) 2005年史蒂夫·喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的演講,首段就這樣寫到: “ Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots. 另外,Joyce Didonato在2014年茱莉亞音樂學(xué)院更是另辟蹊徑,帶來了她的四個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。 II. 簡(jiǎn)短軼事說明6~10個(gè)主題 這種類型的畢業(yè)演講可以讓演講者分享更多的想法和建議。作者通常不直接表明主題,而是給出多個(gè)建議。如果你想要分享一份清單,例如,你發(fā)現(xiàn)5個(gè)觀念難以將所有的建議囊括,你可以選擇這種方法。此外,在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)表達(dá)如此多的建議,最有效的就是利用個(gè)人例子和軼事。2013年音樂家和喜劇演員Tim Minchin在西澳大利亞大學(xué)的演講就十分有趣、飽含熱情且鼓舞人心,演講中提及“九條人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。 去年畢業(yè)季有一個(gè)偉大的演說—Admiral McRaven在德州大學(xué)奧斯丁分校的演講, 正是運(yùn)用這種模式。他通過基本SEALS訓(xùn)練與畢業(yè)生分享10條教訓(xùn),希望他們將來有所貢獻(xiàn),不斷前進(jìn)。 III. 自傳敘事 這種模式下,演講者可選擇的主題相對(duì)更加廣泛。聽眾可以了解他們的個(gè)人生活和經(jīng)驗(yàn),就像是看一個(gè)12分鐘的迷你回憶錄。此外,文章開始同樣也不會(huì)直接表明主旨,演講者可能會(huì)通過談?wù)撍麄兊某砷L、學(xué)習(xí)、工作,逐漸凸顯他們所學(xué)到的。整個(gè)演講是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的統(tǒng)一敘事。 電影制片人Michael Uslan在2006年印第安納大學(xué)所做的演講可以充分說明這一模式,這一演講也被列入十大經(jīng)典研究之一。 自傳敘事式的演講能夠使你將重點(diǎn)放在自己的人生故事上,這也使得在演講的過程中更加流暢,減少閱讀的尷尬。 IV. 一個(gè)主旨 最后一種類型是整個(gè)演講全部集中在一個(gè)主題,這種模式無論對(duì)于演講者還是聽眾都是最難的。David Foster Wallace的演講題目如是:”This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life” 3. 適合的主題 說實(shí)話,如何獲得幸福和成功早已成為亙古話題,可是,只要存在,人類對(duì)這一問題的追求就永無止境。140多個(gè)畢業(yè)演講中,你可能會(huì)使用不同的單詞提出建議,但都?xì)w結(jié)為以下15個(gè)主題,從中挑選出最能激發(fā)你靈感的主題。 Topic 1、Find and Follow Your Passion 2、Get Better at Trusting Yourself and Learn to Be Bold 3、Do Not Let Others Define Who You Are 4、About Those Big Dreams... 5、Take Initiative and Get in the Game 6、Be As Persistent As you Can Be and Do not Give Up 7、Learn To Fail or Fail to Learn 8、You Do Not Need To Be Perfect 9、Use Your Imagination and Your Creativity 10、Remind Yourself To Be Present 11、If You Think and Believe You Can, You Can 12、Nudge Yourself To Take More Risks 13、If You Cannot Embrace Change, At Least Give It a Hug Once in a While 14、Work Hard and Keep Walking the Road 15、Try Selflessness and Give Back 4. 故事的重要性 故事有一種神奇的魔力可以將生活的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)最直接的表達(dá)。演講者可以通過故事更好的和聽眾進(jìn)行互動(dòng)并讓他們參與其中。 神經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)先驅(qū)Paul Zak在The Moral Molecule: The Source of Love and Prosperity研究故事對(duì)于人的影響。他發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是最簡(jiǎn)單的敘述也可以通過觸發(fā)釋放化學(xué)物質(zhì)如皮質(zhì)醇和催產(chǎn)素,導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)烈的移情反應(yīng)。 因此,花費(fèi)時(shí)間搜索好故事或軼事來支持你的主題十分重要! 小貼士
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